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magnetic circuit with air gap
magnetic circuit with air gap

... The relationship between current and magnetic field intensity can be obtained by using Ampere’s Law. Ampere ’ s Law states that the line integral of the magnetic field intensity, H around a closed path is equal to the total current linked by the contour. ...
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Magnetic Confinement Demonstration: Motion of Charged Particles

... of the nature of matter and energy, incorporating the major findings of the past three decades. CPEP also sponsors many workshops for teachers. See the homepage www.CPEPweb.org for more information on CPEP, its projects and the teaching materials available. The activity packet consists of this stude ...
The physical origin of NMR - diss.fu
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... distance, rref. Suitable references include the distance between two methylene 1H atoms (1.78 Å) and regular distances in the backbone of α-helices and β-sheets. NOE intensities between individual 1H atoms are obtained from NOESY-type of NMR experiments. The magnetization transfer pathway in a 2D NO ...
Zeeman effect - University of Toronto Physics
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... stems from the fact that if the field is too strong, it destroys the coupling between the orbital and spin angular momenta (sometimes referred to as LS coupling, after the vectors of angular momentum, L and S), and results in a different effect, called the Paschen-Back effect, in which the lines spl ...
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Resistance and Ohms Law When we have a fixed potential

... therefore there will be a steady electric force on the charge carriers (electrons) - this implies that the carriers should accelerate. In reality, we find that a steady current is maintained. When charge flows in a wire (due to the potential difference) then we have already seen that the velocity of ...
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... 5. The direction of the magnetic field will be reversed if the current is reversed. 6. The strength of the field surrounding a wire will decrease as the distance from the wire increases. 7. It is easier and safer to work with a small current. 8. A strong magnetic field can be produced by using a sma ...
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ME3484: Mechatronics

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Chapter 36: Principles of Electrical Systems

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Chapter 30

... used to define the ampere When the magnitude of the force per unit length between two long, parallel wires that carry identical currents and are separated by 1 m is 2 x 10-7 N/m, the current in each wire is defined to be 1 A ...
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What is a magnet?

Document
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... A magnetic balance is used to weigh objects. The mass m to be measured is hung from the center of the bar of length L suspended in a uniform magnetic field B directed into the page. The battery voltage ε can be adjusted to vary the current in the circuit. The horizontal bar is made of extremely ligh ...
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Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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