State of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, 2015
... have (in)directly been linked, through travel or residency, to the Arabian Peninsula. The majority of cases (>85%) have been reported from Saudi Arabia. In May 2015, South Korea reported the first case of MERS-CoV. The index case was a 68-year old male with travel history to several countries in th ...
... have (in)directly been linked, through travel or residency, to the Arabian Peninsula. The majority of cases (>85%) have been reported from Saudi Arabia. In May 2015, South Korea reported the first case of MERS-CoV. The index case was a 68-year old male with travel history to several countries in th ...
Primary cicatricial alopecia
... Harries MJ, Trüeb RM, Tosti A, et al. How not to get scar(r)ed: pointers to the correct diagnosis in patients with suspected primary cicatricial alopecia. BJD 2009;160:482-501 ...
... Harries MJ, Trüeb RM, Tosti A, et al. How not to get scar(r)ed: pointers to the correct diagnosis in patients with suspected primary cicatricial alopecia. BJD 2009;160:482-501 ...
Chronic Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infection Surveillance
... lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness. HBV may be transmitted when blood, semen, or other body fluids from an infected person enters the skin or mucous membranes of a person who is not immune to HBV through immunization or prior infection. Exposure can occur through sexual contact, need ...
... lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness. HBV may be transmitted when blood, semen, or other body fluids from an infected person enters the skin or mucous membranes of a person who is not immune to HBV through immunization or prior infection. Exposure can occur through sexual contact, need ...
Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus during the
... clinical manifestations of FMD may vary greatly depending both on biological properties of the different virus strains and on the host species affected (2–4). Although FMD-associated mortality rates among adult animals are generally low, the intensive countermeasures enacted to combat disease outbre ...
... clinical manifestations of FMD may vary greatly depending both on biological properties of the different virus strains and on the host species affected (2–4). Although FMD-associated mortality rates among adult animals are generally low, the intensive countermeasures enacted to combat disease outbre ...
Cost-Effectiveness of Routine Screening for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Inmates in United
... by Treponema pallidum. The disease has both acute and chronic manifestations that typically occur in distinct, sequential disease stages. Syphilis is transmitted by direct contact with infectious exudates from skin lesions, mucous membranes, and genital secretions of infected individuals. Ten days t ...
... by Treponema pallidum. The disease has both acute and chronic manifestations that typically occur in distinct, sequential disease stages. Syphilis is transmitted by direct contact with infectious exudates from skin lesions, mucous membranes, and genital secretions of infected individuals. Ten days t ...
Management of Infectious Disease in Childcare Facilities and Other
... All children and staff who develop symptoms of diarrhoea and vomiting should be excluded from the Childcare Facility until at least 48 hours after symptoms have stopped. A longer period of exclusion may be necessary in certain circumstances, e.g. for children under five years and older children who ...
... All children and staff who develop symptoms of diarrhoea and vomiting should be excluded from the Childcare Facility until at least 48 hours after symptoms have stopped. A longer period of exclusion may be necessary in certain circumstances, e.g. for children under five years and older children who ...
and Dir。fiーari。sis
... dyspnoea， fever， and hydrothorax， although the condition can be cured with apPropriate treatment． However， asymptomatic patients are also known to account for half of these patients． Usually， pulmonary dirofilarial infarctions are surgically ...
... dyspnoea， fever， and hydrothorax， although the condition can be cured with apPropriate treatment． However， asymptomatic patients are also known to account for half of these patients． Usually， pulmonary dirofilarial infarctions are surgically ...
case report pyocele of lacrimal sac – unusual presentation
... obstructions are complete blockages most commonly noted between the lacrimal sac and nasal cavity. Functional obstructions are caused by either critical narrowing within the lacrimal system that delay normal lacrimal flow or a failure of the proximal pumping mechanism. Both anatomic and functional o ...
... obstructions are complete blockages most commonly noted between the lacrimal sac and nasal cavity. Functional obstructions are caused by either critical narrowing within the lacrimal system that delay normal lacrimal flow or a failure of the proximal pumping mechanism. Both anatomic and functional o ...
Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disease
... infections is declining in many countries [1]. Both trends ...
... infections is declining in many countries [1]. Both trends ...
Brucellosis: Understanding an Important Arctic Infectious Disease
... complexity to the marine Brucella life – cycle, and may pose additional possible sources of human exposure. It is not known whether antibodies developed to Brucella from caribou will protect against infection from marine forms of Brucella, or to what extent standard te ...
... complexity to the marine Brucella life – cycle, and may pose additional possible sources of human exposure. It is not known whether antibodies developed to Brucella from caribou will protect against infection from marine forms of Brucella, or to what extent standard te ...
... • Control limited by reduced vector control efforts and inadequacy of other existing interventions e.g., drugs are not adequate. • Several vector control methods (traps, screens, application of insecticides on traps or livestock, sequential aerial application of insecticides, sterile insect techniqu ...
Rotavirus - International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene
... vomiting, watery diarrhoea, and mild fever. The vomiting and fever go away after a day or two, followed by watery diarrhoea that lasts up to 9 days. Generally speaking, children recover with little difficulty but occasionally severe dehydration results which can require hospital treatment. It can be ...
... vomiting, watery diarrhoea, and mild fever. The vomiting and fever go away after a day or two, followed by watery diarrhoea that lasts up to 9 days. Generally speaking, children recover with little difficulty but occasionally severe dehydration results which can require hospital treatment. It can be ...
BM - Home
... • 73yo WF with h/o MV-repair, presented with a dry cough and worsening shortness of breath which started as a “chest cold” 2 weeks earlier. She denied subjective fever or chills, but reported several weeks h/o fatigue and significant limitation in her daily activities. She denied ill contacts. A CXR ...
... • 73yo WF with h/o MV-repair, presented with a dry cough and worsening shortness of breath which started as a “chest cold” 2 weeks earlier. She denied subjective fever or chills, but reported several weeks h/o fatigue and significant limitation in her daily activities. She denied ill contacts. A CXR ...
Migration and The Equilibrium Prevalence of Infectious
... be balanced against the costs, which here comprise not just migration costs but also any di¤erence in the cost of living in the two cities. We …rst present the model and then solve for a steady state in prevalence in circumstances where migration costs are su¢ ciently high to discourage migration bo ...
... be balanced against the costs, which here comprise not just migration costs but also any di¤erence in the cost of living in the two cities. We …rst present the model and then solve for a steady state in prevalence in circumstances where migration costs are su¢ ciently high to discourage migration bo ...
Changing Patterns of Autochthonous Malaria
... United States demonstrate the continued risk for mosquitoborne transmission of this disease. Increased global travel, immigration, and the presence of competent anopheline vectors throughout the continental United States contribute to the ongoing threat of malaria transmission. The likelihood of mos ...
... United States demonstrate the continued risk for mosquitoborne transmission of this disease. Increased global travel, immigration, and the presence of competent anopheline vectors throughout the continental United States contribute to the ongoing threat of malaria transmission. The likelihood of mos ...
Questions frequently asked about hepatitis B
... Hepatitis B is a serious public health problem that affects people of all ages in the U.S. and around the world. Hepatitis B is caused by a highly infectious virus that attacks the liver and can lead to severe illness, liver damage, and in some cases, death. More than 1 million people in the U.S. ar ...
... Hepatitis B is a serious public health problem that affects people of all ages in the U.S. and around the world. Hepatitis B is caused by a highly infectious virus that attacks the liver and can lead to severe illness, liver damage, and in some cases, death. More than 1 million people in the U.S. ar ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
... hepatitis B virus infection should avoid sharing items that could infect others, such as razors, toothbrushes etc. Protect sex partners from exposure to semen, vaginal fluids through the proper use of condoms. There are several vaccines available to prevent hepatitis B. Vaccination should be conside ...
... hepatitis B virus infection should avoid sharing items that could infect others, such as razors, toothbrushes etc. Protect sex partners from exposure to semen, vaginal fluids through the proper use of condoms. There are several vaccines available to prevent hepatitis B. Vaccination should be conside ...
THE ORIGIN OF PERIODONTAL INFECTIONS
... exhibit various degrees of virulence and are transmitted from their natural habitat to non-infected oral sites, which then become diseased. Opportunistic oral pathogens are those organisms which overgrow because of changes in the oral environment, or because of loss of host resistance factors, and c ...
... exhibit various degrees of virulence and are transmitted from their natural habitat to non-infected oral sites, which then become diseased. Opportunistic oral pathogens are those organisms which overgrow because of changes in the oral environment, or because of loss of host resistance factors, and c ...
Human allergy and geohelminth infections
... Effect of anthelmintic treatment on allergy Although cross-sectional epidemiological studies conducted in areas that are highly endemic for geohelminth parasites have provided some evidence of an inverse association between geohelminths and atopy or asthma that is consistent with geohelminths provid ...
... Effect of anthelmintic treatment on allergy Although cross-sectional epidemiological studies conducted in areas that are highly endemic for geohelminth parasites have provided some evidence of an inverse association between geohelminths and atopy or asthma that is consistent with geohelminths provid ...
Seasonality and the dynamics of infectious diseases
... ways that alter components of the basic reproductive number that determines the rate at which infected hosts are produced. These mechanisms include those that influence parasite transmission, in part by altering the behaviour of hosts, the biology of vectors or parasite infectious stages in the envi ...
... ways that alter components of the basic reproductive number that determines the rate at which infected hosts are produced. These mechanisms include those that influence parasite transmission, in part by altering the behaviour of hosts, the biology of vectors or parasite infectious stages in the envi ...
Amoebiasis Transmission And Life Cycle: A Continuous State
... categories of the people who are already infective namely I and C . Most of the time, the proportion of exposed population by becoming infective, their infective state may be either acute or latent and they are able to spread out the infection in proportions of respective probabilities and , wh ...
... categories of the people who are already infective namely I and C . Most of the time, the proportion of exposed population by becoming infective, their infective state may be either acute or latent and they are able to spread out the infection in proportions of respective probabilities and , wh ...
Lymphadenopathy in African Children
... lymphadenitis do, however, appear to show some response to medical therapy alone. A recent study2 of 92 immunocompetent children with nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenopathy (90% M. avium complex or M. hemophilum) showed a natural history of violaceous skin changes with discharge of pus for 3–8 ...
... lymphadenitis do, however, appear to show some response to medical therapy alone. A recent study2 of 92 immunocompetent children with nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenopathy (90% M. avium complex or M. hemophilum) showed a natural history of violaceous skin changes with discharge of pus for 3–8 ...
Toxoplasma gondii (description for intermediate hosts) - GV
... • Cat (definitive host) (Jones 1973, Wong & Remington 1993) • All laboratory and domestic animals, birds and humans (intermediate hosts) • Differential host species susceptibility is reviewed by Innes (1997) ...
... • Cat (definitive host) (Jones 1973, Wong & Remington 1993) • All laboratory and domestic animals, birds and humans (intermediate hosts) • Differential host species susceptibility is reviewed by Innes (1997) ...
Chagas disease
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects known as triatominae or kissing bugs. The symptoms change over the course of the infection. In the early stage, symptoms are typically either not present or mild and may include fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, or local swelling at the site of the bite. After 8–12 weeks, individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60–70% it never produces further symptoms. The other 30 to 40% of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection, including enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30%, leading to heart failure. An enlarged esophagus or an enlarged colon may also occur in 10% of people.T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the blood-sucking ""kissing bugs"" of the subfamily Triatominae. These insects are known by a number of local names, including: vinchuca in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Paraguay, barbeiro (the barber) in Brazil, pito in Colombia, chinche in Central America, and chipo in Venezuela. The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, eating food contaminated with the parasites, and by vertical transmission (from a mother to her fetus). Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope. Chronic disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies for T. cruzi in the blood.Prevention mostly involves eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding their bites. Other preventative efforts include screening blood used for transfusions. A vaccine has not been developed as of 2013. Early infections are treatable with the medication benznidazole or nifurtimox. Medication nearly always results in a cure if given early, but becomes less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease. When used in chronic disease, medication may delay or prevent the development of end–stage symptoms. Benznidazole and nifurtimox cause temporary side effects in up to 40% of people including skin disorders, brain toxicity, and digestive system irritation.It is estimated that 7 to 8 million people, mostly in Mexico, Central America and South America, have Chagas disease as of 2013. In 2006, Chagas was estimated to result in 12,500 deaths per year. Most people with the disease are poor, and most people with the disease do not realize they are infected. Large-scale population movements have increased the areas where Chagas disease is found and these include many European countries and the United States. These areas have also seen an increase in the years up to 2014. The disease was first described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas after whom it is named. It affects more than 150 other animals.