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Peritonitis
Peritonitis

... Primary peritonitis—occurs when there is a buildup of fluid in the abdomen. This is called ascites. It is caused by chronic liver disease, among other conditions. Secondary peritonitis—caused by bacteria that enter the abdominal cavity. Can be due to an injury or a condition, such as a ruptured appe ...
Cupid`s Disease
Cupid`s Disease

... tumour-like growths readily seen in the skin and mucous membranes. They can occur almost anywhere in the body including the skeleton, affecting joints. ...
Prevention and control of tick-borne diseases in Europe
Prevention and control of tick-borne diseases in Europe

Poisoning in Children
Poisoning in Children

... T cells: Provide a cellular immune response. Mature T cells are composed of CD4 and CD8 cells. CD4 cells, known as helper T cells, stimulate immune functions, such as B cells and macrophages. A macrophage is a cell whose functions include ingesting foreign or cells CD8 cells are responsible for dest ...
A1982NE45400001
A1982NE45400001

... taken place, without any identifiable causes, in the clinical features of subacute infective endocarditis. The classical and sometimes diagnostic findings are all seen much less frequently now than they were years ago. Most remarkable has been a striking change in the age distribution of the disease ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

What is Legionnaires` Disease?
What is Legionnaires` Disease?

... immune system to make antibodies (proteins in the blood) that recognize the bacteria and help clear the infection. Your healthcare provider may collect blood to test the level of antibodies at the time of symptoms and weeks after your recover to determine if your immune system produced antibodies to ...
491095Bloodborne Pathogens
491095Bloodborne Pathogens

... – Loss of appetite, fatigue, muscle and joint aches. Later symptoms include… – Jaundice, with dark urine and light stools ...
Executive Summary for Portable Malaria Screening and Diagnosis
Executive Summary for Portable Malaria Screening and Diagnosis

... chills, shaking and periodic bouts of intense fever. Each year, there are an estimated 400 million to 600 million cases of malaria and 2.7 million resulting deaths, worldwide. Malaria is found in many locations of the tropical world and in some locations of the subtropics, but there are only four sp ...
The Immune System The immune system is the collection of tissues
The Immune System The immune system is the collection of tissues

... protect an individual from infection. The immune system is associated with resistance to viruses and bacteria, but it also includes the host’s ability to resist toxins, transplants and cancer. We begin to utilize our immune systems as infants when we receive immunizations [www.geocities.com/Athens/T ...
Hazard identification The disease hazards associated with the
Hazard identification The disease hazards associated with the

... It is possible that the same issue (immunological or other biological variation in the infective agent) could apply to a number of other disease agents endemic to South Africa and listed in Table 1. Such variation has been shown to occur in heartwater, bluetonge, Rift Valley fever (RVF) and theileri ...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

... o Annual incidence, 2.2 cases per million persons, most commonly fatal rickettsial disease in the U.S.  56% from North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Oklahoma, and Arkansas  Few cases in Rocky Mountain area  90%–93% of reported cases April – September  Males at higher risk due to increased ...
C. diphtheriae
C. diphtheriae

... Other Corynebacterium Species They are ubiquitous in plants and animals. Many are found as part of human normal flora and may cause opportunistic infections, such as pneumonia, endocarditis, and soft tissue and bone infections, in immunocompromised patients. C. jeikeium: sepsis, endocarditis, wound ...
Pediatric Tuberculosis
Pediatric Tuberculosis

...  Principles same as those for non HIV + children  HIV+ children w/ exposure to TB  Exclude active TB  Treat as if infected w/ INH (or RIF if resistant)  HIV+ children w/ INH susceptible TB  4 drugs (INH,RIF, PZA, ethambutol/strepto) x2 mos  INH & RIG for total 9-12 mos (+pyridoxine)  HAART-T ...
Reminder from the Health Office
Reminder from the Health Office

... lines found on finger webs, inner wrists and abdomen, intense itching especially at night and possible secondary infection caused by ...
Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive
Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive

... role in impairing immune status may lead to an increase in the magnitude and duration of WNV viremia, while hypertension may cause disruption of the blood-brain barrier, thereby promoting viral entry into the central nervous system (9). This study had several limitations. Local health departments co ...
managing and treating common diseases of backyard
managing and treating common diseases of backyard

... Respiratory problems Damage to the respiratory tract can occur through disease challenge or environmental insult. Environmental effects can relate to poor ventilation, high levels of dust and ammonia. This may result in low-grade conjunctivitis or severe keratitis in severe cases. Treatment should b ...
Generalized forms
Generalized forms

... HIV-Infection viral disease of human, which is passed mainly by sexual and parenteral ways and characterized by long-term persistence. Defeat of the thymus gland’s system of immunity, causes clinically expressed form – syndrome of acquired immune deficiency (AIDS) with lymphadenopathy, intoxication ...
Emerging Infectious Diseases - EDIS
Emerging Infectious Diseases - EDIS

... humans is a disease caused by any one of four species of microscopic protozoan parasites in the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles. Symptoms vary widely depending upon the individual’s overall health and the species of parasite. In general symptoms of malaria inclu ...
IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)
IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)

... and 41-45 but it was difficult to assign their distribution. The ages of presentation are typical of the disease. The two cases of molluscum contagiosum were expectedly from children 10 years and below and occurred at nasal septum, a typical anatomic site 4,6. Although there is usually a male prepon ...
Micro History
Micro History

... • First Microscopes {Jannsen (1590), Hooke (1665), and van Leeuwenhoek (1676)} ...
Principles of Infectious Disease Epidemiology [M.Tevfik DORAK]
Principles of Infectious Disease Epidemiology [M.Tevfik DORAK]

... Other parasites have life cycles that involve intermediate organisms, or vectors, which carry disease-causing microorganisms from one host to another. The protozoan blood parasite that causes sleeping sickness, or trypanosomiasis, infects humans, cattle, and other animals. It uses the tsetse fly as ...
Leishmania RNA virus: when the host pays the toll - Serval
Leishmania RNA virus: when the host pays the toll - Serval

... as chronic secondary lesions in the mucosa of the mouth and nose, debilitatingly inflamed and notoriously refractory to treatment. Immunologically, this outcome has many of the same hallmarks associated with the reaction to LRV: production of type 1 interferons, bias toward a chronic Th1 inflammator ...
Staphylococcal Infections
Staphylococcal Infections

... hemorrhage in the mediastinum with hemorrhagic, enlarged hilar and peribronchial lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of the lungs typically shows a perihilar interstitial pneumonia with infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils and pulmonary vasculitis. Hemorrhagic lesions associated with vasculi ...
Communicable Disease Policy II
Communicable Disease Policy II

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Visceral leishmaniasis



Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, black fever, and Dumdum fever, is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus. This disease is the second-largest parasitic killer in the world (after malaria), responsible for an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 infections each year worldwide. The parasite migrates to the internal organs such as the liver, spleen (hence ""visceral""), and bone marrow, and, if left untreated, will almost always result in the death of the host. Signs and symptoms include fever, weight loss, fatigue, anemia, and substantial swelling of the liver and spleen. Of particular concern, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is the emerging problem of HIV/VL co-infection.
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