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Polymers – materials consisting of polymer molecules that consist of
Polymers – materials consisting of polymer molecules that consist of

... m is the average molecular weight of repeat unit for copolymers it is calculated as m=Σf i mi ( f i is fraction of mer i of molecular weight mi ) Properties of polymers depend on molecular weight Melting/softening temperatures increase with molecular weight (up to ~ 100,000 g/mol) At room temperatur ...
RNA structure and synthesis:
RNA structure and synthesis:

... RNA is synthesized as a complementary strand to one of the DNA strands as a template strand by the action of the enzyme RNA polymerase that reads the template strand in the 3’  5’ direction and synthesizes RNA in the 5’ 3’. It utilizes the ribonucleoside triphosphate as a building units. The other ...
Gene - CS273a
Gene - CS273a



... Incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles  Gene action-from genotype to phenotype. Gene interaction, penetrance, expressivity, epistasis, pleiotropy, interaction with environment. Unit- 4: Quantitative Genetics ...
Mitosis, Meiosis and Fertilization Teacher Preparation Notes
Mitosis, Meiosis and Fertilization Teacher Preparation Notes

Gene Duplication to Enable Genetic Programming to
Gene Duplication to Enable Genetic Programming to

... without them (provided the difficulty of the problem is above a certain relatively low break-even point). Also, genetic programming is usually yield solutions with smaller average overall size with automatically defined functions than without them (provided, again, that the problem is not too simple ...
Dr. Apr. Dieter Deforce
Dr. Apr. Dieter Deforce

... 2.B.5. Special precautions to be taken in performing PCR for diagnostic purposes: Contamination is one of the major reasons for misinterpretation of results with PCR and occurs when exogenous DNA or RNA, proteases, nucleases and various inhibitors of Taq polymerase are introduced into the reaction m ...
PPT
PPT

... cells of a single organism, both types and amounts of RNAs & proteins vary greatly in different cells & tissues • Expression patterns depend on variables such as developmental stage, age, disease state, environmental conditions, etc. ...
DNA Barcoding as a Solution in the Speciation Debate? The
DNA Barcoding as a Solution in the Speciation Debate? The

... Georgiadis undertook the task of acquiring dart-biopsy samples from 195 elephants in 21 African elephant populations. These samples were then tested for DNA sequence variation at four nuclear gene sites (1732 base pairs). DNA sequence data was taken both from short exon, or coding, segments and long ...
Minimum Entropy Approach to Word Segmentation Problems by Bin
Minimum Entropy Approach to Word Segmentation Problems by Bin

Influenza virus
Influenza virus

... Some viruses do not fit in to the helical or icosahedral symmetries, but rather show a combination of both and, therefore, have a binal symmetry. Pox viruses and bacteriophages are the common examples of complex viruses. The structure of bacteriophage T4 will be discussed here in detail. The bacteri ...
The Bacterial DNA Replication A typical bacterial cell has anywhere
The Bacterial DNA Replication A typical bacterial cell has anywhere

...  Prokaryotic chromosomes and plasmids typically contain only one of these initiating sites.  A molecule that lacks this sequence will not be replicated.  This binding by the initiator protein (DnaA) triggers events that unwind the DNA double helix into two single-stranded DNA molecules. Several g ...
Computational Biology
Computational Biology

... shown in the single boxes. Proteins in bold participate in the same complex or pathway as the query protein. Proteins in italics participate in a different but related complex or pathway. Proteins with identical profiles are shown within the same box. Single lines between boxes represent a one-bit d ...
View as PDF
View as PDF

DNA and RNA:
DNA and RNA:

... information took a wide variety of different strategies. Some scientists looked at DNA from different organisms. They found that in nearly every organism, the guanine (G) and cytosine (C) nucleotides were present in equal amounts. The same held true for adenine (A) and thymine (T). Later, this provi ...
AutoDock 4 and AutoDock Vina
AutoDock 4 and AutoDock Vina

HiPer® Plasmid DNA Cloning Teaching Kit
HiPer® Plasmid DNA Cloning Teaching Kit

ATAC-Seq - NeuroLINCS
ATAC-Seq - NeuroLINCS

... Overview of the protocol and QC ATAC-Seq detects open-chromatin regions and maps transcription factor binding events genomewide by means of direct in vitro transposition of native chromatin. Specifically, hyperactive Tn5 transposase is used to interrogate chromatin accessibility by inserting high-th ...
Synthetic biology SR010 - HSE horizon scanning intelligence group
Synthetic biology SR010 - HSE horizon scanning intelligence group

... 3. Relevance to Health and Safety and Possible Implications Synthetic microorganisms have the potential to reproduce and evolve; as such they could pose a risk to human health and the environment. However these organisms may not survive outside the laboratory due to their extensively modified geneti ...
Model Description Sheet
Model Description Sheet

... Major causes of homocystinuria are mutations in the enzyme cystathionine ß-synthase (CBS), which catalyzes the condensation of serine and homocysteine to cystathionine, an intermediate in cysteine synthesis. CBS is a pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) and heme dependent enzyme regulated by S-adenosylmethi ...
dna replication
dna replication

... All of the eukaryotic nuclear genomes that have been studied are divided into two or more linear DNA molecules, each contained in a different chromosome. All eukaryotes also possess smaller, usually circular, mitochondrial genomes. Plants and other photosynthetic organisms possess a third genome, lo ...
molecular_general_theory_complete
molecular_general_theory_complete

... All of the eukaryotic nuclear genomes that have been studied are divided into two or more linear DNA molecules, each contained in a different chromosome. All eukaryotes also possess smaller, usually circular, mitochondrial genomes. Plants and other photosynthetic organisms possess a third genome, lo ...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Microarray testing
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Microarray testing

... with a clinical phenotype for certain chromosomes. In addition, presence of LCSH across multiple chromosomes can indicate inheritance from a common ancestor (‘identity by descent’), which may be associated with an increased risk of a recessive single gene disorder. ...
Molecular Biology
Molecular Biology

... All of the eukaryotic nuclear genomes that have been studied are divided into two or more linear DNA molecules, each contained in a different chromosome. All eukaryotes also possess smaller, usually circular, mitochondrial genomes. Plants and other photosynthetic organisms possess a third genome, lo ...
The Play is the thing… - Biology Learning Center
The Play is the thing… - Biology Learning Center

... • Transcription – 1 strand => new RNA – => new protein ...
< 1 ... 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 ... 401 >

Molecular evolution

Molecular evolution is a change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations. The field of molecular evolution uses principles of evolutionary biology and population genetics to explain patterns in these changes. Major topics in molecular evolution concern the rates and impacts of single nucleotide changes, neutral evolution vs. natural selection, origins of new genes, the genetic nature of complex traits, the genetic basis of speciation, evolution of development, and ways that evolutionary forces influence genomic and phenotypic changes.
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