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Infectious haematopoietic necrosis - Department of Agriculture and
Infectious haematopoietic necrosis - Department of Agriculture and

... and skin, although some blood-sucking parasites may serve as vectors. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... West Nile Virus is transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on infected birds that have high levels of West Nile Virus in their blood. Infected mosquitoes can then transmit West Nile Virus when they feed on humans or other animals. Since West Nile viru ...
Understanding Epidemiology
Understanding Epidemiology

... Example of a spot map used to characterize a disease outbreak in terms of place. ...
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases

... country in the Times Higher Education’s 'table of excellence', which is based on the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise (RAE). In 2009, the School became the first UK institution to win the Gates Award for Global Health. The School’s environment is a rich multicultural one: there are almost 4000 stud ...
Measles – letter templates for contacts (Word 348KB)
Measles – letter templates for contacts (Word 348KB)

... Immunisation with MMR vaccine is now routinely given at 12 months with a second dose at 4 years and your child is likely to be immune if he or she has received two doses of this vaccine. If your child has no proof of 2 MMR vaccinations they are considered unimmunised. Please discuss with PHU nurse p ...
Epidemiological Transition
Epidemiological Transition

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Invasive Group A Streptococcal (iGAS) Disease
Invasive Group A Streptococcal (iGAS) Disease

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THE MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF EPIDEMICS
THE MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF EPIDEMICS

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Measles (Rubeola) Disease Report
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AEROSOL TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASE STANDARD
AEROSOL TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASE STANDARD

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The Arrow of Disease - Anthropologyman.com
The Arrow of Disease - Anthropologyman.com

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... recent decades. About two fifths of the world's population are now at risk. • Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban areas. • Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a leading cause of serious illness and death among children in some Asian countries. • T ...
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Tuberculosis
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07.08 Health Protection

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TB Disease

... Treatment of TB disease  Several drugs for 6 to 9 months. Why?  Regimens for treating TB disease have  initial phase of 2 months  continuation phase of either 4 or 7 months  Treatment must contain multiple drugs to which ...
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Eradication of infectious diseases



Eradication is the reduction of an infectious disease's prevalence in the global host population to zero. It is sometimes confused with elimination, which describes either the reduction of an infectious disease's prevalence in a regional population to zero, or the reduction of the global prevalence to a negligible amount. Further confusion arises from the use of the term eradication to refer to the total removal of a given pathogen from an individual (also known as clearance of an infection), particularly in the context of HIV and certain other viruses where such cures are sought.Selection of infectious diseases for eradication is based on rigorous criteria, as both biological and technical features determine whether a pathogenic organism is (at least potentially) eradicable. The targeted organism must not have a non-human reservoir (or, in the case of animal diseases, the infection reservoir must be an easily identifiable species, as in the case of rinderpest), and/or amplify in the environment. This implies that sufficient information on the life cycle and transmission dynamics is available at the time an eradication initiative is programmed. An efficient and practical intervention (e.g., a vaccine or antibiotic) must be available to interrupt transmission of the infective agent. Studies of measles in the pre-vaccination era led to the concept of the Critical community size, the size of the population below which a pathogen ceases to circulate. Use of vaccination programmes before the introduction of an eradication campaign can reduce the susceptible population. The disease to be eradicated should be clearly identifiable, and an accurate diagnostic tool should exist. Economic considerations, as well as societal and political support and commitment, are other crucial factors that determine eradication feasibility.Eight attempts have been made to date to eradicate infectious diseases: two successful programs targeting smallpox and rinderpest; four ongoing programs targeting poliomyelitis, yaws, dracunculiasis and malaria; and two former programs targeting hookworm and yellow fever. Five more infectious diseases have been identified as of April 2008 as potentially eradicable with current technology by the Carter Center International Task Force for Disease Eradication—measles, mumps, rubella, lymphatic filariasis and cysticercosis.
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