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Communicable Disease 1995 - 2004
Communicable Disease 1995 - 2004

... documented until the 1999 outbreak in New York City. Since then, the disease has spread to 49 states across the United States and seven provinces in Canada including confirmed cases of human infection in Ontario.46 In 2002, cases of locally acquired WNV occurred for the first time in Peel, with a to ...
Mike Shaw - Institute for People and Technology
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... traditional methods such as culture/isolation or visualization of antigens/antibodies: Allows more laboratories to detect pathogens and thus increases the amount of surveillance data. Allows surveillance of more pathogens. Makes true Molecular Epidemiology possible. ...
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... public health and a leading postgraduate institution worldwide for research and postgraduate education in global health. Part of the University of London, the London School is the largest institution of its kind in Europe with a remarkable depth and breadth of expertise encompassing many disciplines ...
MedMyst Magazine - Web Adventures
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... open street, others dying in their houses, made it known by the stench of their rotting bodies.” In 1348 for Giovanni Boccaccio, this was his world during the bubonic plague epidemic. The people had fevers, then swollen lymph glands called “buboes” - large, purple-black discolorations formed under t ...
Meteorological and climate change themes at the 2010 International
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... of these patterns but clearly many other factors are involved and may be more important drivers. One of the most impressive presentations at the conference was on tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in central and eastern Europe by Randolph (Session D3). Very detailed work suggested an overall pattern of ...
Simple Infection Model
Simple Infection Model

... alpha function; however depending on the disease, it may be advantageous to model alpha by age. For example, malaria and measles exhibit greater mortality in infants. ...
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... the second most common cause in the United States • A life-threatening condition consisting of the presence of bacteria in the blood and often results in spontaneous abortions. • The most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States. • Once used oral tetracycline t ...
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... • A pathogen cannot reproduce inside the host without doing some harm - At the very least, host resources must be ‘stolen’ • All else being equal, those pathogens with a higher rate of within host reproduction should be more likely to be transmitted to a new host • Because reproducing faster within ...
Opportunistic Infections in HIV Disease
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... general public and health workers proved to be successful to this effect. A further important viral vector-borne disease is West Nile fever (WNF). It was first recognised in Europe in the 1950s and re-emerged in Bucharest in 1996 and Volgograd in 1999 [13, 14]. Since then, several countries experie ...
CURRICULUM COMMITTEE COURSE PROPOSAL FORM
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... The course will include a variety of instructor-selected readings, exams and writing projects related to microorganisms, health and disease. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Discuss a variety of microorganisms and the diseases they cause (routes of transmission ...
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... beginning of the 20th century, there is one field in which a gloomier picture must be painted, that of malignant disease, or cancer. It is the second most common cause of death in most Western countries in the second half of the 20th century, being exceeded only by deaths from heart disease. Some pr ...
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... The family of a patient at UPMC Shadyside hospital in Pittsburgh who contracted a fungal infection and later died has filed a lawsuit against UPMC and its laundry provider alleging negligence. This is the first time UPMC Shadyside has been implicated in the mold outbreak that briefly shut down UPMC' ...
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... 36.9 million [34.3 million–41.4 million] people globally were living with HIV (end 2014) 2 million [1.9 million–2.2 million] people became newly infected with HIV (end 2014) 1.21 million People died from AIDS-related illnesses (end 2014). New HIV infections have fallen by 35% since 2000. Worldwide, ...
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...  Some of these strains are mild  Others, which mutate faster than the immune system can defend against, cause severe and/or fatal illness  It is predicted that the next pandemic has the potential to claim more lives in a single year than AIDS has in the last 25 years!… ...
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... diseases are usually caused by agents such as bacteria than embarking on door-to-door counting which or viruses which penetrate into the body’s natural could be cumbersome and economically unwise defense mechanisms after contacting an already considering financial implication and time infected human ...
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... with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), advancing age, or underlying chronic disease. • Reported rates of salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, and listeriosis were higher among HIV-infected persons than among those not infected with HIV. Salmonella (and possibly Campylobacter) infections are more lik ...
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... • The word sporadic means “scattered about”. The cases occur irregularly, haphazardly from time to time, and generally infrequently. The cases are few and separated widely in time and place that they show no or little connection with each other, nor a recognizable common source of infection e.g. pol ...
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Chapter 6 -Respiratory Infections

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CLASS TITLE: REGIONAL COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

... At the senior level, the class is generally assigned a greater variety and the more complex communicable and infectious disease cases. ESSENTIAL DUTIES ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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