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...  Condition is suspected to be a bacterial or viral infection.  Condition has lasted more than three (3) days.  There is an epidemic in the school or it appears that cases are being transmitted from one student to another. Student is excluded from school if he/she has more than three to four sores ...
First Clinic Visit
First Clinic Visit

... First Clinic Visit for Patients with HIV Infection HAIVN Harvard Medical School AIDS Initiative in Vietnam ...
Pharmaceutical interventions
Pharmaceutical interventions

... Non-pharmaceutical public health measure – those interventions that would be most effective based on the nature of the pandemic needs to be implemented ...
Infection Study Guide Infection Infection is the invasion by a
Infection Study Guide Infection Infection is the invasion by a

...  Newborns: immature immune system, protected for first 2-3 months by passive immunity from mother  Elderly: immunity decreases (thus a need for flu and pneumonia vaccine)  Heredity: genetic susceptibility (may be deficient in immunoglobulins)  Culture: influences decisions to seek treatment  Po ...
Endemic zoonoses in the tropics: a public health problem hiding in
Endemic zoonoses in the tropics: a public health problem hiding in

... malaria) (Mallewa and others 2007). More specific symptoms may occur with some zoonotic diseases, but these lack sensitivity or specificity, so cannot be relied upon for a clinical diagnosis. For example, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly are often reported in cases of human brucellosis (World Health Or ...
Confronting Infectious Diseases in an Interconnected World: People
Confronting Infectious Diseases in an Interconnected World: People

... Infectious diseases remain a major contributor to illness, death, and suffering throughout the world, both from their acute and chronic effects. The potential for epidemics and pandemics is a concern for all countries. In the 1990s, the term “Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs)” captured the concept ...
Spread Pattern of Infectious Diseases
Spread Pattern of Infectious Diseases

... In defining infectious, students will likely say that these can be transmitted from one person to another. Point out that infectious diseases can be transmitted directly or indirectly. In term of directly transmitted diseases, scientists consider diseases transmitted by other organisms to be infecti ...
feline infectious peritonitis (fip)
feline infectious peritonitis (fip)

...  Modified live virus (MLV) intranasal vaccine—available against feline coronavirus/FIP virus; effectiveness of vaccine is low; cannot rely on vaccination alone for control; may produce antibody-positive cats, complicating monitoring in catteries or colonies—talk to your cat’s veterinarian about thi ...
lecture1-INTRODUCTIO..
lecture1-INTRODUCTIO..

... The tissue is processed is special way resulting in very thin tissue slices (i.e. 4 to 6 microns) and the slices are then placed on a slide with the help of an adhesive. The end result is thin slices of tissue on a slide tissue ready for staining with various kinds of stains ( e.g. H&E stain or othe ...
Brief orientation slides "What is Epidemiology?"
Brief orientation slides "What is Epidemiology?"

... Thinking like an epidemiologist . . . Health and disease are not distributed haphazardly in a population. There are patterns to their occurrence. We are affected by many things around us – things we can control and things we can’t control. Epidemiology studies how peoples’ lives and health are affe ...
TB infection Control Plan Document N° 8.1 TB Infection Control
TB infection Control Plan Document N° 8.1 TB Infection Control

... transmission in health facilities • TB or Medical wards • Emergency rooms • Clinics to which people with known or suspected infectious TB are referred • Aerosol-generating procedures – Sputum collection – Bronchoscopy – Use of high speed devices during lung surgery or autopsy • Laboratories performi ...
Slides - View the full AIDS 2016 programme
Slides - View the full AIDS 2016 programme

... – mechanism for treatment with antiretroviral therapy for coinfected patients (referral or onsite) – primary and secondary HIV prevention education for TB patients – active TB case finding for all HIV+ patients – TB diagnosis and treatment (referral or on site) ...
MRSA, Cellulitis, UTI Objectives pp. 5 & 6
MRSA, Cellulitis, UTI Objectives pp. 5 & 6

... • One of the most troublesome resistant bacteria in the country. • MRSA is resistant to all medicines in the betalactamase family that include all penicillins, cephalosporins (Ancef, Keflex), and carbapenems (Doribax, Invanz), as well as other antibiotics such as erythromicin. • Hospital-associated ...
Background on Potential Health Problems for Somali Bantu
Background on Potential Health Problems for Somali Bantu

... AIDS very slowly, or never at all . Any symptoms of illness may occur, since infections can occur throughout the body. Special symptoms relating to HIV infection include sore throat, mouth sores (including candidal infection), muscular stiffness or aching, headache, diarrhea, swollen lymph glands, f ...
Diabetes - Endobiogenic Integrative Medical Center
Diabetes - Endobiogenic Integrative Medical Center

... Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects nearly 6% of Americans. It is characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. If untreated, it can lead to serious conditions such as blindness, heart disease, kidney disease, nerve disease and stroke. Type I (insulin dependent) diabetes is ...
Supplementary Information Evaluating combined effectiveness of
Supplementary Information Evaluating combined effectiveness of

... The influenza-only model has been previously established in the study area for studying influenza spread patterns [1]. This is an agent-based stochastic model with discrete time steps and explicit spatial representation. The transmission process was simulated by repeatedly tracing susceptible contac ...
6. common infectious diseases in farm animals
6. common infectious diseases in farm animals

... 2) Infection of people via contact with an infected animal is impossible. 3) Salmonella can influence mortality of poultry embryos. 4) Via vertical transmission the bacterium gets into the egg. 5) Salmonella might be eradicated if all precautions were followed strictly. Salmonella in poultry product ...
Pharmacovigilance in Public Health Programmes (PHP)
Pharmacovigilance in Public Health Programmes (PHP)

... Is the safety profile of the drug established? Is the dosage in use authorised by marketing authorisation? In case of generic product: what about bioequivalence test? ...
Infectious Disease Epidemiology in the 21st Century: Will It Be
Infectious Disease Epidemiology in the 21st Century: Will It Be

... of the field of epidemiology began, with substantial increases in the number of epidemiologists being trained and in the funding available for epidemiologic studies. Given that "chronic diseases" accounted for the lion's share of the mortality, morbidity, and disability being experienced by the popu ...
2nd sessional course
2nd sessional course

... • Lytic strains cause lysis of target cells by inducing changes in the plasma membrane including syncytia formation. • These include 73-T31, MTH-68/H32, PV 70133, etc. • Non lytic strains cause tumour regression slowly by disrupting normal host cell metabolism. • This includes most commonly investig ...
An Introduction To A Few Of The Most Common Diseases Found In
An Introduction To A Few Of The Most Common Diseases Found In

... and BT occurs through biting midges of the genus Culicoides • Neither can be spread by contact. • Outbreaks usually occur during late summer and early fall, related to the occurrence of the midge vectors ...
John W. Hogan, MD Howard University College of Medicine
John W. Hogan, MD Howard University College of Medicine

... - history of acute viremia symptoms (30 to 40 percent)? - when did they commence appropriate risk reduction (infection likely occurred before that date)?  Contacts (sexual, injection drugs, children of infected women): - issues of informing and protecting contacts need to be ...
Tuberculosis (TB)
Tuberculosis (TB)

... • These tests measure the release of IFN-γ from sensitised T cells in response to antigens such as early secreted antigenic target (ESAT)-6 or culture filtrate protein (CFP)-10 that are encoded by genes specific to the MTB and are not shared with BCG or opportunistic mycobacteria. • The greater spec ...
Emerging Diseases: Causes and Effects
Emerging Diseases: Causes and Effects

... 4. If any of the following situations occurred, would it be sufficient to reject SCV (SARS-associated coronavirus) as the cause of SARS? Explain your answer. a. The virus can be isolated from healthy individuals. Yes, it could be a reason to reject SCV as the cause of SARS. If people with no symptom ...
Allergy, Asthma and COPD I – Allergy – Many reactions are
Allergy, Asthma and COPD I – Allergy – Many reactions are

... shortness of breath, cough and wheezing. It affects nearly 5% of adults and 7-10% of children. The pathology here is an exaggerated bronchoconstrictor response called reactive airway disease. The most current thought is that bronchial inflammation is what leads to this hyperresponsiveness. There are ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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