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Emerging Pathogens in Meat and Poultry
Emerging Pathogens in Meat and Poultry

... •• Previously unknown pathogens with suspected, but not yet established, transmission through meat and poultry. •• Pathogens common in other parts of the world that may present a future emergence threat in the U.S. meat and poultry supply. These categories are more fully explained in the Background ...
national institute for clinical excellence
national institute for clinical excellence

... Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition characterised by abnormal transport of chloride and sodium across the epithelium in all exocrine tissues, leading to thick viscous secretions in the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestine, and reproductive tract, and an increase in the salt content in sweat gland ...
Promoting Antibiotic Discovery and Development
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... I. Background In 1900, the three leading causes of death in the United States were pneumonia, tuberculosis, and enteritis - all infectious diseases. A century later, heart disease, cancer, and stroke all chronic, non-infectious diseases - had replaced these at the top of the list. The shift in lead ...
Understanding Pulmonary Function Testing
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... gases such as oxygen (O2) move from the lungs into the blood. There are several different ways to measure the diffusing capacity but the most common is the ten-second single breath-hold technique. During this test, you are asked to take in a deep breath while keeping a mouthpiece in your mouth and w ...
Injection Safety
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... Hepatitis B • Chronic HBV infection develops in about 90% of those infected as infants, 30% children under 5 years of age and <5% of infected individuals over 5 years of age. • Overall 25% who become chronically infected during childhood and 15% infected after childhood die prematurely from cirrhos ...
Module 1: Transmission and Pathogenesis
Module 1: Transmission and Pathogenesis

... In the United States, physicians and other health care providers are required by law to report TB cases to their state or local health department. Reporting is very important for TB control. When the health department learns about a new case of TB, it should take steps to ensure that the person rece ...
Module 1: Transmission and Pathogenesis
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... In the United States, physicians and other health care providers are required by law to report TB cases to their state or local health department. Reporting is very important for TB control. When the health department learns about a new case of TB, it should take steps to ensure that the person rece ...
Should PDE5Is be prescribed routinely for all men with newly
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General Data Chief Complaint History of Present Illness

... Reduction or elimination of a disease by interventions (commonly referred to as treatment) in symptomatic individuals identified after development of clinical manifestations of ...
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... Coxsackieviruses  Coxsackie B viruses are estimated to be responsible for at least 50% of the cases of infection-caused heart diseases.  For reasons yet unknown, the cardiac disease caused by this virus mainly occurs in middle-aged men, with onset occurring, on average, around age 42 years.  The ...
幻灯片 1 - 上海交通大学医学院精品课程
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... particularly at night or in the early morning. These episodes are usually associated with widespread, but variable, airflow obstruction within the lung that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. ...
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... A test result outside the reference range may or may not indicate a problem - only that your doctor should investigate it further. You can have an abnormal value and have nothing wrong - but your doctor should try to determine the cause. Typically, 5% of healthy people will fall outside the referenc ...
histoplasmosis paper final - Concordia University, Nebraska
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... According to this data, adults are affected more often than children, and the number of cases affecting white adults more than doubled the cases of other ethnicities. As expected, many of these patients were already immunocompromised (Chu, Feudtner, Heydon, Walsh, & Zaoutis, 2006). Other epidemiolog ...
Training Manual on wildlife diseases and surveillance
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... wild animals, as well as in humans and domestic animals. Diseases that may affect people sometimes can be detected in wild animals before they pose a significant risk to human populations. This can be true with respect to diseases caused by poisons and environmental contaminants as well as for infec ...
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... (red)duction (ox)idation. Anytime a substance is reduced (chemically changed), something else must be oxidized (chemically changed the other way) for the reactions to stay in balance. As an example, oxidation is the process that causes rust on metals (slow oxidation) or fire (rapid oxidation). In th ...
Abnormal Liver Function
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... Conflict of Interest Disclosure Having an interest in an organization does not prevent a speaker from making a presentation, but the audience must be informed of this relationship prior to the start of the activity and any potential conflict must be resolved. In order to ensure balance, independenc ...
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Evidence-Based Public Health

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... The Questionnaire on Surveillance and Diagnosis (S&D) which is collated annually is the only comprehensive overview of the disease situation in aquaculture in Europe. The information has been made available on the EURL web site (www.eurl-fish.eu), where all raw data can be obtained. The S&D have evo ...
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Ingested matter affects intestinal lesions in Crohn`s

... of Crohn’s disease (CD).1 It seems that such environmental factors did not always exist but were rather created after industrialization and increased in intensity to the current time. The increase in incidence during the second half of the 20th century2 and in immigrant populations,3 the geographic ...
Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis (ECE or “Green Slime Disease”) in Ferrets
Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis (ECE or “Green Slime Disease”) in Ferrets

... or "millet seed") in appearance, pale brown to green in color; mucus or fresh blood is sometimes seen. • Some ferrets will appear to completely recover, then relapse weeks to months later. • Lethargy, chronic wasting, and decreased appetite may be seen for weeks to months. ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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