Eco-evolutionary dynamics of communities and ecosystems
... – up to about 1000 generations, but typically many fewer. More generally, an eco-evolutionary approach is required when there is the potential for evolutionary change to alter ecological effects/processes over whatever time-span is of interest. Thus the approach we advocate is probably important eve ...
... – up to about 1000 generations, but typically many fewer. More generally, an eco-evolutionary approach is required when there is the potential for evolutionary change to alter ecological effects/processes over whatever time-span is of interest. Thus the approach we advocate is probably important eve ...
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of communities and Ecosystems
... – up to about 1000 generations, but typically many fewer. More generally, an eco-evolutionary approach is required when there is the potential for evolutionary change to alter ecological effects/processes over whatever time-span is of interest. Thus the approach we advocate is probably important eve ...
... – up to about 1000 generations, but typically many fewer. More generally, an eco-evolutionary approach is required when there is the potential for evolutionary change to alter ecological effects/processes over whatever time-span is of interest. Thus the approach we advocate is probably important eve ...
Reprint - Queen`s University Department of Mathematics and Statistics.
... selection characteristic of competitive speciation, one of the most interesting conclusions of this recent theory is that we might often expect natural selection to drive the evolution of single populations to phenotypic values at which disruptive selection occurs. Therefore this process of speciati ...
... selection characteristic of competitive speciation, one of the most interesting conclusions of this recent theory is that we might often expect natural selection to drive the evolution of single populations to phenotypic values at which disruptive selection occurs. Therefore this process of speciati ...
Darwin`s Gala´ pagos finches in modern biology
... fossil record, artificial selection and world biogeography, eventually led Charles Darwin to conclude that biological species are subject to change and such change is not random, but is driven by continuous adaptation to the environment (Lack 1947; Bowman 1961). Many species of living organisms are ...
... fossil record, artificial selection and world biogeography, eventually led Charles Darwin to conclude that biological species are subject to change and such change is not random, but is driven by continuous adaptation to the environment (Lack 1947; Bowman 1961). Many species of living organisms are ...
Darwin`s Gala´ pagos finches in modern biology
... fossil record, artificial selection and world biogeography, eventually led Charles Darwin to conclude that biological species are subject to change and such change is not random, but is driven by continuous adaptation to the environment (Lack 1947; Bowman 1961). Many species of living organisms are ...
... fossil record, artificial selection and world biogeography, eventually led Charles Darwin to conclude that biological species are subject to change and such change is not random, but is driven by continuous adaptation to the environment (Lack 1947; Bowman 1961). Many species of living organisms are ...
The speed of ecological speciation
... tailings can develop reproductive barriers within at least 100 generations. These barriers include differences in flowering time and selection against migrants/hybrids. 4. Invertebrates: Populations on native and introduced host plants can manifest reproductive barriers in dozens to hundreds of gene ...
... tailings can develop reproductive barriers within at least 100 generations. These barriers include differences in flowering time and selection against migrants/hybrids. 4. Invertebrates: Populations on native and introduced host plants can manifest reproductive barriers in dozens to hundreds of gene ...
Evolutionary computing
... individual chromosomes rather than 23 pairs • Gametes are formed by a special form of cell splitting called meiosis • During meiosis the pairs of chromosome undergo an operation called crossing-over ...
... individual chromosomes rather than 23 pairs • Gametes are formed by a special form of cell splitting called meiosis • During meiosis the pairs of chromosome undergo an operation called crossing-over ...
Using artificial systems to explore the ecology and evolution of
... between different organisms [1]. In this review, we will adopt and broaden the de Bray definition of symbiosis, encompassing interactions ranging from mutually beneficial mutualism to antagonistic predator–prey interactions, even if the association between species is not necessarily close. Two reaso ...
... between different organisms [1]. In this review, we will adopt and broaden the de Bray definition of symbiosis, encompassing interactions ranging from mutually beneficial mutualism to antagonistic predator–prey interactions, even if the association between species is not necessarily close. Two reaso ...
Darwin & Evolution by Natural Selection
... Evidence that creatures have changed over time (extinct) Giant ground sloth ...
... Evidence that creatures have changed over time (extinct) Giant ground sloth ...
Jenny Rempel -- The Evolution of Flightlessness in Galápagos Insects
... flightlessness. More generally, migratory movement and dispersal capabilities are advantageous because they allow a species to adapt to changes in habitat type and location over time (Dingle 1991: 153). Based on this information, the second hypothesis for the increased incidence of insect flightless ...
... flightlessness. More generally, migratory movement and dispersal capabilities are advantageous because they allow a species to adapt to changes in habitat type and location over time (Dingle 1991: 153). Based on this information, the second hypothesis for the increased incidence of insect flightless ...
Repeated modification of early limb morphogenesis programmes
... (reviewed in [8]). However, in recent years, workers have argued that convergence—and, in particular, what is sometimes called ‘parallel evolution’, in which convergent patterns are produced through similar developmental changes—is evident for the biasing role of development in shaping evolutionary ...
... (reviewed in [8]). However, in recent years, workers have argued that convergence—and, in particular, what is sometimes called ‘parallel evolution’, in which convergent patterns are produced through similar developmental changes—is evident for the biasing role of development in shaping evolutionary ...
Ecological character displacement in the face of gene flow
... caused by interspecific competition. Such differentiation could facilitate speciation by enhancing reproductive isolation between incipient species, although empirical evidence for it at early stages of divergence when gene flow still occurs between the species is relatively scarce. Here we studied ...
... caused by interspecific competition. Such differentiation could facilitate speciation by enhancing reproductive isolation between incipient species, although empirical evidence for it at early stages of divergence when gene flow still occurs between the species is relatively scarce. Here we studied ...
More on how and why: cause and effect in biology revisited
... earlier treatment we pointed out that several major debates within contemporary biology revolve around different notions of causation, with acceptance or rejection of Mayr’s position often at the heart of the controversies (Laland et al. 2011; see below). The disputes share a common pattern. Some be ...
... earlier treatment we pointed out that several major debates within contemporary biology revolve around different notions of causation, with acceptance or rejection of Mayr’s position often at the heart of the controversies (Laland et al. 2011; see below). The disputes share a common pattern. Some be ...
Using the ESS Maximum Principle to Explore Root
... Simulation Results The strategies used by a given species do not change over an individual’s lifetime. However, since strategies are adaptive parameters, they may change for the species over evolutionary time through natural selection. This process will produce a strategy dynamic (a change in strate ...
... Simulation Results The strategies used by a given species do not change over an individual’s lifetime. However, since strategies are adaptive parameters, they may change for the species over evolutionary time through natural selection. This process will produce a strategy dynamic (a change in strate ...
Biological Aging: Active and Passive Mechanisms Compared
... mammal species had different needs for life span and therefore evolved different antideteriorative functions. However, relatively recently (since ~1960 and more intensively since ~1990), a number of alternative evolutionary mechanics concepts have emerged supporting the idea that a limited life spa ...
... mammal species had different needs for life span and therefore evolved different antideteriorative functions. However, relatively recently (since ~1960 and more intensively since ~1990), a number of alternative evolutionary mechanics concepts have emerged supporting the idea that a limited life spa ...
Document
... 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Evolution can occur through natural selection • Natural selection – advantageous traits – survival – reproductive success • Q: What environmental conditions favor the growth of ...
... 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Evolution can occur through natural selection • Natural selection – advantageous traits – survival – reproductive success • Q: What environmental conditions favor the growth of ...
Experimental test of plant defence evolution in four species using
... Kingdom, where we excluded rabbits from 38 grassland plots for <1–34 years. To assess the evolutionary impacts of rabbits on plant defence traits, we collected seeds from plots containing the following perennial species: Anthoxanthum odoratum (Poaceae), Festuca rubra ssp. rubra (Poaceae), Holcus lan ...
... Kingdom, where we excluded rabbits from 38 grassland plots for <1–34 years. To assess the evolutionary impacts of rabbits on plant defence traits, we collected seeds from plots containing the following perennial species: Anthoxanthum odoratum (Poaceae), Festuca rubra ssp. rubra (Poaceae), Holcus lan ...
Coevolution: A synergy in biology and ecology
... In a broad sense, coevolution refers to the mutual dependence between species and between species and the environment in the evolution (Luo and Zhang, 2014). Compared to Darwin’s theory, coevolution stresses the between-species interactions and the adaptation of species to their biological environme ...
... In a broad sense, coevolution refers to the mutual dependence between species and between species and the environment in the evolution (Luo and Zhang, 2014). Compared to Darwin’s theory, coevolution stresses the between-species interactions and the adaptation of species to their biological environme ...
A Field Experiment Demonstrating Plant Life
... In addition to shedding light on feedbacks between evolutionary dynamics and ecological processes, field experiments quantifying rapid evolution can be used to address several other important issues. First, to what extent do replicate populations experiencing similar environmental conditions show pa ...
... In addition to shedding light on feedbacks between evolutionary dynamics and ecological processes, field experiments quantifying rapid evolution can be used to address several other important issues. First, to what extent do replicate populations experiencing similar environmental conditions show pa ...
PDF - Gilchrist Lab
... To exemplify these issues, we focus on empirical studies of flies (Drosophila) and salmon (primarily Oncorhynchus). Both taxa have been repeatedly introduced around the world—the former by accident, the latter usually by intention. The repeated introductions of each taxon conveniently serve as repli ...
... To exemplify these issues, we focus on empirical studies of flies (Drosophila) and salmon (primarily Oncorhynchus). Both taxa have been repeatedly introduced around the world—the former by accident, the latter usually by intention. The repeated introductions of each taxon conveniently serve as repli ...
CV - Molly Schumer
... Undergraduate Thesis Research: Gene expression, hormones, and behavior in a sex-role conventional and sex-role reversed cichlid species pair, 2008-2009 (research adviser: Professor Suzy C.P. Renn) Roswell Park Cancer Institute Research Assistant: The mechanisms of BMAL-dependent CLOCK phosphorylatio ...
... Undergraduate Thesis Research: Gene expression, hormones, and behavior in a sex-role conventional and sex-role reversed cichlid species pair, 2008-2009 (research adviser: Professor Suzy C.P. Renn) Roswell Park Cancer Institute Research Assistant: The mechanisms of BMAL-dependent CLOCK phosphorylatio ...
ppt - eweb.furman.edu
... "Bottom-Up" - more Energy, more sp. - qualitative effects: energy increasing types of diversity The tropics not only have MORE productivity, they have more KINDS of productivity – more types of plants, allowing greater specialization by more types of animals. We tend to see this diversity evolving ...
... "Bottom-Up" - more Energy, more sp. - qualitative effects: energy increasing types of diversity The tropics not only have MORE productivity, they have more KINDS of productivity – more types of plants, allowing greater specialization by more types of animals. We tend to see this diversity evolving ...
BSU Chapter 14 Reading Guide Evolution
... Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, created a sensation when it was published, and the ideas Darwin expressed in it have played a central role in the development of human thought ever since. In Darwin's time, most people believed that the various kinds of organisms and their in ...
... Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, created a sensation when it was published, and the ideas Darwin expressed in it have played a central role in the development of human thought ever since. In Darwin's time, most people believed that the various kinds of organisms and their in ...
Chaotic Red Queen coevolution in three
... population for long periods (balanced selection) and that allele frequencies can oscillate considerably over time periods of a few generations. ...
... population for long periods (balanced selection) and that allele frequencies can oscillate considerably over time periods of a few generations. ...
Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species, rather than one species gradually transforming into another. Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the belief that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called anagenesis). In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.In 1972, paleontologists Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould published a landmark paper developing their theory and called it punctuated equilibria. Their paper built upon Ernst Mayr's model of geographic speciation, I. Michael Lerner's theories of developmental and genetic homeostasis, as well as their own empirical research. Eldredge and Gould proposed that the degree of gradualism commonly attributed to Charles Darwin is virtually nonexistent in the fossil record, and that stasis dominates the history of most fossil species.