Can Modern Evolutionary Theory Explain Macroevolution?
... so it simply had not been documented. Many biologists doubted that organisms’ characteristics are adaptive; Robson and Richards (1936), for instance, devoted much of their book to the thesis that differences between related species are nonadaptive. Selection was thought of as a “random,” undirected ...
... so it simply had not been documented. Many biologists doubted that organisms’ characteristics are adaptive; Robson and Richards (1936), for instance, devoted much of their book to the thesis that differences between related species are nonadaptive. Selection was thought of as a “random,” undirected ...
Science of Evolution Jigsaw
... the ulna. These are the same bones seen in fossils of the extinct transitional animal, Eusthenopteron, which demonstrates their common ancestry. Individual organisms contain, within their bodies, abundant evidence of their histories. The existence of these features is best explained by evolution. Se ...
... the ulna. These are the same bones seen in fossils of the extinct transitional animal, Eusthenopteron, which demonstrates their common ancestry. Individual organisms contain, within their bodies, abundant evidence of their histories. The existence of these features is best explained by evolution. Se ...
The evolution of non-ecological reproductive barriers
... focus on extant biodiversity, barely taking into account the dynamic process of evolution, divergence and speciation (De Queiroz, 1995). Evolutionary scientists try to uncover the evolutionary history of species and processes driving speciation (Coyne & Orr, 2004) in order to understand how species ...
... focus on extant biodiversity, barely taking into account the dynamic process of evolution, divergence and speciation (De Queiroz, 1995). Evolutionary scientists try to uncover the evolutionary history of species and processes driving speciation (Coyne & Orr, 2004) in order to understand how species ...
A framework for comparing processes of speciation in the
... physiological architecture. An example might be male and female body size, or perhaps a male acoustic signal and female preference that share a common underlying oscillator (Butlin & Ritchie 1989). For such traits, pleiotropy will be common. Nevertheless, it is perfectly possible for them to be infl ...
... physiological architecture. An example might be male and female body size, or perhaps a male acoustic signal and female preference that share a common underlying oscillator (Butlin & Ritchie 1989). For such traits, pleiotropy will be common. Nevertheless, it is perfectly possible for them to be infl ...
Losos_Seeing - Harvard University
... effect—i.e., that is, a relationship between degree of phylogenetic relatedness and degree of phenotypic similarity—was found in different taxa and types of characters (Freckleton et al., 2002; Blomberg et al., 2003). Regardless of its exact frequency, lack of phylogenetic effect is widely reported ...
... effect—i.e., that is, a relationship between degree of phylogenetic relatedness and degree of phenotypic similarity—was found in different taxa and types of characters (Freckleton et al., 2002; Blomberg et al., 2003). Regardless of its exact frequency, lack of phylogenetic effect is widely reported ...
IV. PROKARYOTES – EUBACTERIA, cont
... o Changes in the gene pool due to chance. More often seen in small population sizes. Usually reduces genetic variability. There are two situations that can drastically reduce population size: The Bottleneck Effect: type of genetic drift resulting from a reduction in population (natural disaster) s ...
... o Changes in the gene pool due to chance. More often seen in small population sizes. Usually reduces genetic variability. There are two situations that can drastically reduce population size: The Bottleneck Effect: type of genetic drift resulting from a reduction in population (natural disaster) s ...
How species evolve collectively: implications of gene flow and
... concept that either rely on multiple evolutionary forces to account for species cohesion (e.g. Templeton 1989; Levin 2000) or that do not require knowledge of the evolutionary processes that unify species (e.g. de Queiroz 1999). Rejection of the biological species concept on the grounds of too littl ...
... concept that either rely on multiple evolutionary forces to account for species cohesion (e.g. Templeton 1989; Levin 2000) or that do not require knowledge of the evolutionary processes that unify species (e.g. de Queiroz 1999). Rejection of the biological species concept on the grounds of too littl ...
Neutral Biogeography and the Evolution of Climatic Niches
... events. Indeed, simulations considering more realistic values would require several centuries of processing time, and analytical solutions or coalescent techniques have not yet been developed for the modeled speciation modes. We therefore derive analytical expressions for niche evolution in the next ...
... events. Indeed, simulations considering more realistic values would require several centuries of processing time, and analytical solutions or coalescent techniques have not yet been developed for the modeled speciation modes. We therefore derive analytical expressions for niche evolution in the next ...
AP SUMMER 2016 Power Point
... To classify a species, scientists construct patterns of descent by using characters. Characters can be morphological or biochemical. ...
... To classify a species, scientists construct patterns of descent by using characters. Characters can be morphological or biochemical. ...
Genomics and the origin of species
... these classes of isolation. Extrinsic postzygotic isolation and sexual isolation can rapidly evolve17, and they often interact with each other 16 and with the evolution of ...
... these classes of isolation. Extrinsic postzygotic isolation and sexual isolation can rapidly evolve17, and they often interact with each other 16 and with the evolution of ...
Genomics and the origin of species - Integrative Biology
... contribute to reproductive isolation. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is one such method that is powerful for doing so186. In short, a genome-wide set of markers is genotyped in a phenotypically variable population that has known pedigree data, and statistical associations are identified betw ...
... contribute to reproductive isolation. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is one such method that is powerful for doing so186. In short, a genome-wide set of markers is genotyped in a phenotypically variable population that has known pedigree data, and statistical associations are identified betw ...
Inferring natural selection in a fossil threespine stickleback
... stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) complex (Bell and Foster 1994), providing an excellent context to interpret paleoecology and patterns of variation among samples within biostratigraphic sequences. In both modern and fossil threespine stickleback, armor is highly variable (e.g., Bell 1976; Reimch ...
... stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) complex (Bell and Foster 1994), providing an excellent context to interpret paleoecology and patterns of variation among samples within biostratigraphic sequences. In both modern and fossil threespine stickleback, armor is highly variable (e.g., Bell 1976; Reimch ...
Distortion of symmetrical introgression in a hybrid zone
... phase of hybridization. We quantify the degree and mode of introgression using nuclear and mtDNA markers. The hybrid zone can be characterized as an abrupt transition zone, the central hybrid zone being only c. 400 m, but introgressed genes were traced up to 3 km. Introgression was traced in both se ...
... phase of hybridization. We quantify the degree and mode of introgression using nuclear and mtDNA markers. The hybrid zone can be characterized as an abrupt transition zone, the central hybrid zone being only c. 400 m, but introgressed genes were traced up to 3 km. Introgression was traced in both se ...
Document
... isolation. Extrinsic postzygotic isolation and sexual isolation can evolve rapidly17, and they often interact with each other16 and with the evolution of intrinsic postzygotic isolating barriers18 (Box 2). Selection can initiate speciation in situations with and without gene flow between populations ...
... isolation. Extrinsic postzygotic isolation and sexual isolation can evolve rapidly17, and they often interact with each other16 and with the evolution of intrinsic postzygotic isolating barriers18 (Box 2). Selection can initiate speciation in situations with and without gene flow between populations ...
PDF
... behavioral plasticity that allowed the animals to adopt the new behavior, the persistence of that behavior—and thus of the epigenetic/genetic anatomical features related to it—might become counterproductive when the external environment is changed, as is the case of pandas and the lack of available ...
... behavioral plasticity that allowed the animals to adopt the new behavior, the persistence of that behavior—and thus of the epigenetic/genetic anatomical features related to it—might become counterproductive when the external environment is changed, as is the case of pandas and the lack of available ...
Are Species Cohesive?— A View from Bacteriology
... that of their hosts (17, 42). Thus, bacteria, like the highly sexual animals and plants, are subject to intrapopulation cohesion. My colleagues and I have previously proposed that speciation within bacteria occurs when a mutation or recombination event places a bacterium into a new ecological niche ...
... that of their hosts (17, 42). Thus, bacteria, like the highly sexual animals and plants, are subject to intrapopulation cohesion. My colleagues and I have previously proposed that speciation within bacteria occurs when a mutation or recombination event places a bacterium into a new ecological niche ...
File
... C) Earth's surface is shaped by natural forces that act gradually and are still acting. D) The processes that shape Earth today are very different from those that were at work in the past. Answer: C Topic: 13.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 6) Who developed a theory of evolution almost identical to ...
... C) Earth's surface is shaped by natural forces that act gradually and are still acting. D) The processes that shape Earth today are very different from those that were at work in the past. Answer: C Topic: 13.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 6) Who developed a theory of evolution almost identical to ...
PDF - Gilchrist Lab
... 1. How fast does evolution occur in nature (Darwin 1859; Simpson 1944; Hendry and Kinnison 1999)? In simple laboratory experiments, evolution is often extremely rapid (Rose et al. 1987; Lenski et al. 1991; Partridge et al. 1995). To determine whether evolution can also be fast in nature, one can mon ...
... 1. How fast does evolution occur in nature (Darwin 1859; Simpson 1944; Hendry and Kinnison 1999)? In simple laboratory experiments, evolution is often extremely rapid (Rose et al. 1987; Lenski et al. 1991; Partridge et al. 1995). To determine whether evolution can also be fast in nature, one can mon ...
20150302120910
... in their DNA & proteins. Closely related species have sequences that are more AP Biology ...
... in their DNA & proteins. Closely related species have sequences that are more AP Biology ...
Pre-zygotic isolation in the macroalgal genusFucus from four contact
... 1 Faculty of Aquaculture and Biosciences, University of Nordland, Bodø 8049, Norway ...
... 1 Faculty of Aquaculture and Biosciences, University of Nordland, Bodø 8049, Norway ...
ap22-Descent With Modification
... • The former proposed that body parts used extensively to cope with the environment became larger and stronger, while those not used deteriorated. ...
... • The former proposed that body parts used extensively to cope with the environment became larger and stronger, while those not used deteriorated. ...
Behavioural leads in evolution: evidence from the
... approach) or among fossils with well-resolved species-level phylogenies (cladistic approach). An array of case studies from the literature is presented. These include feeding shifts in finely-resolved sequences of vertebrates ranging from freshwater fish to terrestrial ungulates, as well as locomoto ...
... approach) or among fossils with well-resolved species-level phylogenies (cladistic approach). An array of case studies from the literature is presented. These include feeding shifts in finely-resolved sequences of vertebrates ranging from freshwater fish to terrestrial ungulates, as well as locomoto ...
Speciation by Natural and Sexual Selection: Models and Experiments.
... molecular clock. And on it goes, each evolutionary phenomenon followed by theory that explains it. The rhythm falters, though, when you come to speciation. This section typically opens with a spectacular example, like the African cichlids, but the follow-up explanation strangely lacks the vocabulary ...
... molecular clock. And on it goes, each evolutionary phenomenon followed by theory that explains it. The rhythm falters, though, when you come to speciation. This section typically opens with a spectacular example, like the African cichlids, but the follow-up explanation strangely lacks the vocabulary ...
Evidence of common descent
Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades and has demonstrated common descent of all life on Earth developing from a last universal ancestor. This evidence explicates that evolution does occur, and is able to show the natural processes by which the biodiversity of life on Earth developed. Additionally, this evidence supports the modern evolutionary synthesis—the current scientific theory that explains how and why life changes over time. Evolutionary biologists document evidence of common descent by making testable predictions, testing hypotheses, and developing theories that illustrate and describe its causes.Comparison of the DNA genetic sequences of organisms has revealed that organisms that are phylogenetically close have a higher degree of DNA sequence similarity than organisms that are phylogenetically distant. Further evidence for common descent comes from genetic detritus such as pseudogenes, regions of DNA that are orthologous to a gene in a related organism, but are no longer active and appear to be undergoing a steady process of degeneration from cumulative mutations.Fossils are important for estimating when various lineages developed in geologic time. As fossilization is an uncommon occurrence, usually requiring hard body parts and death near a site where sediments are being deposited, the fossil record only provides sparse and intermittent information about the evolution of life. Scientific evidence of organisms prior to the development of hard body parts such as shells, bones and teeth is especially scarce, but exists in the form of ancient microfossils, as well as impressions of various soft-bodied organisms. The comparative study of the anatomy of groups of animals shows structural features that are fundamentally similar or homologous, demonstrating phylogenetic and ancestral relationships with other organisms, most especially when compared with fossils of ancient extinct organisms. Vestigial structures and comparisons in embryonic development are largely a contributing factor in anatomical resemblance in concordance with common descent. Since metabolic processes do not leave fossils, research into the evolution of the basic cellular processes is done largely by comparison of existing organisms' physiology and biochemistry. Many lineages diverged at different stages of development, so it is possible to determine when certain metabolic processes appeared by comparing the traits of the descendants of a common ancestor. Universal biochemical organization and molecular variance patterns in all organisms also show a direct correlation with common descent.Further evidence comes from the field of biogeography because evolution with common descent provides the best and most thorough explanation for a variety of facts concerning the geographical distribution of plants and animals across the world. This is especially obvious in the field of insular biogeography. Combined with the theory of plate tectonics common descent provides a way to combine facts about the current distribution of species with evidence from the fossil record to provide a logically consistent explanation of how the distribution of living organisms has changed over time.The development and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria, like the spread of pesticide resistant forms of plants and insects provides evidence that evolution due to natural selection is an ongoing process in the natural world. Alongside this, are observed instances of the separation of populations of species into sets of new species (speciation). Speciation has been observed directly and indirectly in the lab and in nature. Multiple forms of such have been described and documented as examples for individual modes of speciation. Furthermore, evidence of common descent extends from direct laboratory experimentation with the selective breeding of organisms—historically and currently—and other controlled experiments involving many of the topics in the article. This article explains the different types of evidence for evolution with common descent along with many specialized examples of each.