Punctuated equilibrium theory represents shifting balance theory (of
... b) Documents of use about small and isolated populations from Eldredge and Gould’s article Like Wright, Eldredge and Gould also exploited small population 3 times, small 22 times, isolation 7 times and isolate fourteen times in 1977 [15] and small 11 times and isolation 13 times in1980 [16] for macr ...
... b) Documents of use about small and isolated populations from Eldredge and Gould’s article Like Wright, Eldredge and Gould also exploited small population 3 times, small 22 times, isolation 7 times and isolate fourteen times in 1977 [15] and small 11 times and isolation 13 times in1980 [16] for macr ...
Repeated evolution of reproductive isolation in a marine snail
... mosaic-like pattern with narrow hybrid zones in between, over which gene flow is 10 –30% of within-ecotype gene flow. Multi-locus comparisons cluster populations by geographic affinity independent of ecotype, while loci under selection group populations by ecotype. The repeated occurrence of partial ...
... mosaic-like pattern with narrow hybrid zones in between, over which gene flow is 10 –30% of within-ecotype gene flow. Multi-locus comparisons cluster populations by geographic affinity independent of ecotype, while loci under selection group populations by ecotype. The repeated occurrence of partial ...
Isolation by environment
... in Euphydryas butterflies, hybrids from parents adapted to different hosts exhibit intermediate traits that are significantly maladaptive, including foraging and oviposition behaviours (McBride & Singer 2010). These cases will mostly serve to strengthen the patterns resulting from natural or sexual ...
... in Euphydryas butterflies, hybrids from parents adapted to different hosts exhibit intermediate traits that are significantly maladaptive, including foraging and oviposition behaviours (McBride & Singer 2010). These cases will mostly serve to strengthen the patterns resulting from natural or sexual ...
IV. PROKARYOTES – EUBACTERIA, cont
... • Three ways in which natural selection alters variation Directional Diversifying Stabilizing ...
... • Three ways in which natural selection alters variation Directional Diversifying Stabilizing ...
The interaction between developmental bias and natural
... even a straightforward ’yes’. Here, I examine the key concept of developmental bias, which encompasses both developmental constraint and developmental drive. I review the case of centipede segment number, which is a particularly clear example of developmental bias, but also a rather unusual one. I t ...
... even a straightforward ’yes’. Here, I examine the key concept of developmental bias, which encompasses both developmental constraint and developmental drive. I review the case of centipede segment number, which is a particularly clear example of developmental bias, but also a rather unusual one. I t ...
How species evolve collectively: implications of gene flow and
... of too little gene flow may be premature, however, because these arguments do not fully consider the interactions of gene flow with selection. Gene flow interacts with selection in two ways (Slatkin 1987). It may prevent adaptive genetic differentiation if the migration rate (m) exceeds fitness diff ...
... of too little gene flow may be premature, however, because these arguments do not fully consider the interactions of gene flow with selection. Gene flow interacts with selection in two ways (Slatkin 1987). It may prevent adaptive genetic differentiation if the migration rate (m) exceeds fitness diff ...
The evolutionary synthesis and Th. Dobzhansky
... [Then] a matter of the origin of species is replaced with a matter of the origin of the most lowest classification groups within the limits of one species, and if a distinction between them consists in the presence of one property we come eventually to a question about how this new property or group ...
... [Then] a matter of the origin of species is replaced with a matter of the origin of the most lowest classification groups within the limits of one species, and if a distinction between them consists in the presence of one property we come eventually to a question about how this new property or group ...
counteracting selective regimes and host preference evolution in
... Abstract. The evolution of ecological specialization has been a central topic in ecology because specialized adaptations to divergent environments can result in reproductive isolation and facilitate speciation. However, the order in which different aspects of habitat adaptation and habitat preferenc ...
... Abstract. The evolution of ecological specialization has been a central topic in ecology because specialized adaptations to divergent environments can result in reproductive isolation and facilitate speciation. However, the order in which different aspects of habitat adaptation and habitat preferenc ...
File
... 33) Thirty people are selected for a long-term mission to colonize a planet many light years away from Earth. The mission is successful and the population rapidly grows to several hundred individuals. However, certain genetic diseases are unusually common in this group, and their gene pool is quite ...
... 33) Thirty people are selected for a long-term mission to colonize a planet many light years away from Earth. The mission is successful and the population rapidly grows to several hundred individuals. However, certain genetic diseases are unusually common in this group, and their gene pool is quite ...
ch05
... In the late 1800’s, Charles Darwin wrote that he believed evolution occurred slowly as a result of a gradual accumulation of changes from one generation to another. He predicted that more and more missing links would be found to support his view. This model of speciation, is known as “Phyletic Gradu ...
... In the late 1800’s, Charles Darwin wrote that he believed evolution occurred slowly as a result of a gradual accumulation of changes from one generation to another. He predicted that more and more missing links would be found to support his view. This model of speciation, is known as “Phyletic Gradu ...
dos and don`ts of testing the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution
... This is mainly because when both species are present, it can be difficult to rule ...
... This is mainly because when both species are present, it can be difficult to rule ...
Stephen Jay Gould on species selection: 30 years of insight
... ics, perhaps relating to sexual reproductive interactions. These differences would qualify as emergent, species-level characters; if they influenced species sorting they might be species-level aptations, and then such a case would involve species selection. The most problematic case relevant to the ...
... ics, perhaps relating to sexual reproductive interactions. These differences would qualify as emergent, species-level characters; if they influenced species sorting they might be species-level aptations, and then such a case would involve species selection. The most problematic case relevant to the ...
Chapter 7 The Evolution of Living Things-1n7p04n
... 7. how our knowledge of science changes over time (Section 2) 8. how models represent real objects or systems (Section 3) 9. examples of different ways models are used in science (Section 3) 10. the importance of the International System of Units (Section 4) 11. the appropriate units to use for part ...
... 7. how our knowledge of science changes over time (Section 2) 8. how models represent real objects or systems (Section 3) 9. examples of different ways models are used in science (Section 3) 10. the importance of the International System of Units (Section 4) 11. the appropriate units to use for part ...
reinforcement in chorus frogs: lifetime fitness
... We calculated the strength of viability selection against hybrids as S V = z(1 − min(V p , V h )/max(V p , V h )), where z = −1 if V p > V h and z = 1 otherwise, and V p and V h are the proportions of hatchlings that survived to adulthood, averaged across P. feriarum and hybrid families, respectivel ...
... We calculated the strength of viability selection against hybrids as S V = z(1 − min(V p , V h )/max(V p , V h )), where z = −1 if V p > V h and z = 1 otherwise, and V p and V h are the proportions of hatchlings that survived to adulthood, averaged across P. feriarum and hybrid families, respectivel ...
Darwin Collection - Science
... evolution to reproductive isolation, tracing the links between Darwin’s ideas and current thinking. Christophe Fraser and colleagues discuss the contentious area of microbial species formation, an issue that would surely have vexed Darwin horribly had the bewildering diversity of microbes been known ...
... evolution to reproductive isolation, tracing the links between Darwin’s ideas and current thinking. Christophe Fraser and colleagues discuss the contentious area of microbial species formation, an issue that would surely have vexed Darwin horribly had the bewildering diversity of microbes been known ...
Beak of the Finch Reading Assignments
... What are some of the tools used in this study? Know what they are and what they look like. Comment on the technology used. What are the measurements of beak depth, width and length? Draw a diagram of these measurements taken by the researchers. Why was variability in the beak trait of these finches ...
... What are some of the tools used in this study? Know what they are and what they look like. Comment on the technology used. What are the measurements of beak depth, width and length? Draw a diagram of these measurements taken by the researchers. Why was variability in the beak trait of these finches ...
Beak of the Finch Reading Assignments
... What are some of the tools used in this study? Know what they are and what they look like. Comment on the technology used. What are the measurements of beak depth, width and length? Draw a diagram of these measurements taken by the researchers. Why was variability in the beak trait of these finches ...
... What are some of the tools used in this study? Know what they are and what they look like. Comment on the technology used. What are the measurements of beak depth, width and length? Draw a diagram of these measurements taken by the researchers. Why was variability in the beak trait of these finches ...
evolutionary inferences from the analysis of exchangeability
... using the entire distribution to ask which populations could exchange individuals with the least alteration of those distributions. Second, previous applications have been concerned with determining if groups of organisms differ enough to be considered separate species or evolutionarily significant ...
... using the entire distribution to ask which populations could exchange individuals with the least alteration of those distributions. Second, previous applications have been concerned with determining if groups of organisms differ enough to be considered separate species or evolutionarily significant ...
Natural Selection and Evolution
... Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley ...
... Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley ...
Evolution of Darwin`s finches caused by a rare climatic event
... Populations of animals and plants often undergo conspicuous ecological changes when subjected to climatic extremes. Evolutionary changes may accompany them but are less easily detected. We show that Darwin's finches on a Galapagos island underwent two evolutionary changes after a severe El Nino even ...
... Populations of animals and plants often undergo conspicuous ecological changes when subjected to climatic extremes. Evolutionary changes may accompany them but are less easily detected. We show that Darwin's finches on a Galapagos island underwent two evolutionary changes after a severe El Nino even ...
Molecular evolution and the latitudinal
... whole genomes of parents and their offspring, which can be used to estimate de novo mutation rates of species (see below). In comparison to other putative divers, the concept of metabolic rates and the LBG yields clearly testable predictions, but has been heavily contested since its origin (Algar et ...
... whole genomes of parents and their offspring, which can be used to estimate de novo mutation rates of species (see below). In comparison to other putative divers, the concept of metabolic rates and the LBG yields clearly testable predictions, but has been heavily contested since its origin (Algar et ...
Systematics and evolutionary biology: uneasy bedfellows?
... would expect to find their common ancestor, was the environmental setting. For as he imagined it, the lush tropical evergreen rainforests of Southeast Asia would not have provided the dangers that Southern Africa would, with its large predators and arid environment. Consequently, Africa must have be ...
... would expect to find their common ancestor, was the environmental setting. For as he imagined it, the lush tropical evergreen rainforests of Southeast Asia would not have provided the dangers that Southern Africa would, with its large predators and arid environment. Consequently, Africa must have be ...
Chapter 17 Evolution of Populations
... Mutations A mutation is any change in the genetic material of a cell. Some mutations involve changes within individual genes. Other mutations involve changes in larger pieces of chromosomes. Some mutations— called neutral mutations—do not change an organism’s phenotype. Mutations that produce change ...
... Mutations A mutation is any change in the genetic material of a cell. Some mutations involve changes within individual genes. Other mutations involve changes in larger pieces of chromosomes. Some mutations— called neutral mutations—do not change an organism’s phenotype. Mutations that produce change ...
The evolution of self-incompatibility when mates are
... owing to genetic drift [22]. Population declines of varying severity were implicated in limiting the seed production of individuals in populations of Aster furcatus, a restricted endemic [36]. In some of these populations, the majority of individuals produced little or no fruit, suggesting the nearl ...
... owing to genetic drift [22]. Population declines of varying severity were implicated in limiting the seed production of individuals in populations of Aster furcatus, a restricted endemic [36]. In some of these populations, the majority of individuals produced little or no fruit, suggesting the nearl ...
intraspecific variation in sexual isolation in the
... populations that produce unfit hybrids (Dobzhansky 1940). A by-product of reinforcement is that sympatric populations will show stronger levels of mate discrimination than allopatric populations of the same taxa (Noor 1995; Saetre et al. 1997; Rundle and Schluter 1998). Alternatively, sexual selecti ...
... populations that produce unfit hybrids (Dobzhansky 1940). A by-product of reinforcement is that sympatric populations will show stronger levels of mate discrimination than allopatric populations of the same taxa (Noor 1995; Saetre et al. 1997; Rundle and Schluter 1998). Alternatively, sexual selecti ...
Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise. The biologist Orator F. Cook was the first to coin the term 'speciation' for the splitting of lineages or ""cladogenesis,"" as opposed to ""anagenesis"" or ""phyletic evolution"" occurring within lineages. Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation. There is research comparing the intensity of sexual selection in different clades with their number of species.There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture, or laboratory experiments. Whether genetic drift is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject matter of much ongoing discussion.