Selection against migrants contributes to the
... a part of EDRI. It is possible, however, that adaptation may increase equilibrium population size and therefore have an indirect influence on gene flow through this population size effect. 2. Adaptation without density dependence When the continent and island populations occupy different ecological ...
... a part of EDRI. It is possible, however, that adaptation may increase equilibrium population size and therefore have an indirect influence on gene flow through this population size effect. 2. Adaptation without density dependence When the continent and island populations occupy different ecological ...
https://goo.gl/BUXfYV HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY
... island hopping and natural rafts. Many land vertebrates live in the Caribbean Islands, and (if their biogeography is correctly explained by dispersal) they might have moved from one island to other, perhaps being carried on a log or some other sort of raft. ...
... island hopping and natural rafts. Many land vertebrates live in the Caribbean Islands, and (if their biogeography is correctly explained by dispersal) they might have moved from one island to other, perhaps being carried on a log or some other sort of raft. ...
The Genetic Architecture of Ecological Specialization: Correlated
... Host Use and Habitat Choice Futuyma and Moreno 1988). This commonsense notion implies that it is impossible to exhibit superior performance in all environments, and evolutionary biologists have argued that genetic trade-offs are a likely cause of specialized resource use (e.g., Futuyma and Moreno 1 ...
... Host Use and Habitat Choice Futuyma and Moreno 1988). This commonsense notion implies that it is impossible to exhibit superior performance in all environments, and evolutionary biologists have argued that genetic trade-offs are a likely cause of specialized resource use (e.g., Futuyma and Moreno 1 ...
Disruptive Selection and then What?
... jaw asymmetry in the scale-eating cichlid Perissodus microlepis (Hori, 1993) and bill size in the black-bellied seedcracker Pyrenestes ostrinus (Smith, 1993). In both cases, two distinct sympatric phenotypes are adapted to forage on distinct resources and it is believed that phenotypes are determine ...
... jaw asymmetry in the scale-eating cichlid Perissodus microlepis (Hori, 1993) and bill size in the black-bellied seedcracker Pyrenestes ostrinus (Smith, 1993). In both cases, two distinct sympatric phenotypes are adapted to forage on distinct resources and it is believed that phenotypes are determine ...
PopGen4: Assortative mating
... selection acts to favour the process of positive assortative mating. The idea is based on the premise that mating between individuals from populations that have diverged will result in offspring with reduced fitness; hence, selection will favour positive assortment because reproductive effort will n ...
... selection acts to favour the process of positive assortative mating. The idea is based on the premise that mating between individuals from populations that have diverged will result in offspring with reduced fitness; hence, selection will favour positive assortment because reproductive effort will n ...
Losos_Seeing - Harvard University
... method (after Sessions and Larson, 1987) and the first, after the original, to use the Huey and Bennett squaredchange parsimony method. I point this out not only to demonstrate that there was a delay before these methods were widely adopted, but also to establish my bona fides as someone who has bee ...
... method (after Sessions and Larson, 1987) and the first, after the original, to use the Huey and Bennett squaredchange parsimony method. I point this out not only to demonstrate that there was a delay before these methods were widely adopted, but also to establish my bona fides as someone who has bee ...
Felsenstein`s “one-allele model” of speciation: The role of philopatry
... homogenizing effects of gene flow and in fact may be spread across incipient species populations thereby increasing the rate of divergence. It is believed that while a one-allele model is more likely to lead to speciation with gene flow the conditions are too restrictive to be common. Recent work ha ...
... homogenizing effects of gene flow and in fact may be spread across incipient species populations thereby increasing the rate of divergence. It is believed that while a one-allele model is more likely to lead to speciation with gene flow the conditions are too restrictive to be common. Recent work ha ...
chapter 4—biodiversity and evolution
... 6. The variety of processes, including matter cycling and energy flow within ecosystems, which result from species interacting with one another in food webs is called a. functional diversity b. genetic diversity c. intellectual diversity d. ecosystem diversity e. species diversity PTS: ...
... 6. The variety of processes, including matter cycling and energy flow within ecosystems, which result from species interacting with one another in food webs is called a. functional diversity b. genetic diversity c. intellectual diversity d. ecosystem diversity e. species diversity PTS: ...
genetics and the fitness of hybrids
... that often results from intercrossing genetically divergent populations or taxa, has long been taken as evidence of unfavorable interactions between the genomes of the parental individuals (e.g., 39, 42, 43, 75, 80). The most widely accepted genetic model for the occurrence of such incompatibilities ...
... that often results from intercrossing genetically divergent populations or taxa, has long been taken as evidence of unfavorable interactions between the genomes of the parental individuals (e.g., 39, 42, 43, 75, 80). The most widely accepted genetic model for the occurrence of such incompatibilities ...
Application Evolution: Part 0.2 Coevolution
... interacts closely with another, and changes in one species induce adaptive changes in the other, and vice-versa. In some cases, this adaptation may be polygenic; in other cases, there may be gene-for-gene coevolution, in which the mutual interactions are between individual loci in the two species. S ...
... interacts closely with another, and changes in one species induce adaptive changes in the other, and vice-versa. In some cases, this adaptation may be polygenic; in other cases, there may be gene-for-gene coevolution, in which the mutual interactions are between individual loci in the two species. S ...
Atlantean Evolution in Darwin`s Finches - Issues and
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Apr. 6, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/124610. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Apr. 6, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/124610. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. ...
How might epigenetics contribute to ecological speciation?
... diverging forms (Price et al., 2003; Thibert-Plante and Hendry, 2011; West-Eberhard, 2003; West-Eberhard, 2005; West-Eberhard, 1989; Wund et al., 2008). For this to happen, assortative mating or another cause of reduced gene flow must occur in response to the plastic changes in phenotype. This might ...
... diverging forms (Price et al., 2003; Thibert-Plante and Hendry, 2011; West-Eberhard, 2003; West-Eberhard, 2005; West-Eberhard, 1989; Wund et al., 2008). For this to happen, assortative mating or another cause of reduced gene flow must occur in response to the plastic changes in phenotype. This might ...
How might epigenetics contribute to ecological speciation?
... diverging forms (Price et al., 2003; Thibert-Plante and Hendry, 2011; West-Eberhard, 2003; West-Eberhard, 2005; West-Eberhard, 1989; Wund et al., 2008). For this to happen, assortative mating or another cause of reduced gene flow must occur in response to the plastic changes in phenotype. This might ...
... diverging forms (Price et al., 2003; Thibert-Plante and Hendry, 2011; West-Eberhard, 2003; West-Eberhard, 2005; West-Eberhard, 1989; Wund et al., 2008). For this to happen, assortative mating or another cause of reduced gene flow must occur in response to the plastic changes in phenotype. This might ...
Punctuated equilibrium in fact and theory
... did have an explanation for why the phenomenon that regulated their record left no empirical trace at the small-scale level of lineages-and most palaeontologists were not much interested in evolution anyway. The record, we were told, was so imperfect that truly insensible fossil transitions left no ...
... did have an explanation for why the phenomenon that regulated their record left no empirical trace at the small-scale level of lineages-and most palaeontologists were not much interested in evolution anyway. The record, we were told, was so imperfect that truly insensible fossil transitions left no ...
ADAPTIVE RADIATION
... The concepts of adaptive radiation and progressive occupation, representing the extremes of a continuum of patterns occurring in nature. Both processes can result in the same ultimate diversity—in this example, ten species in five adaptive zones—but in adaptive radiation from a recent common ancesto ...
... The concepts of adaptive radiation and progressive occupation, representing the extremes of a continuum of patterns occurring in nature. Both processes can result in the same ultimate diversity—in this example, ten species in five adaptive zones—but in adaptive radiation from a recent common ancesto ...
Evolution_Ch_8_transmittal_from_approved_CE_Sept_3
... Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection and the evidence that supports it have convinced biologists that Earth’s biodiversity—the millions of species alive today, as well as the countless millions that have lived in the past and are now extinct— are all products of evolutionary change. Giv ...
... Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection and the evidence that supports it have convinced biologists that Earth’s biodiversity—the millions of species alive today, as well as the countless millions that have lived in the past and are now extinct— are all products of evolutionary change. Giv ...
Microbial endemism: does phosphorus limitation enhance speciation?
... biological capabilities, much like the macrobiota of Darwin’s Galapagos Islands. As a primary example of such a system, we highlight key discoveries from the Cuatro Ciénegas basin in Mexico. We argue that high microbial endemism requires a combination of geographical isolation, long-term continuity ...
... biological capabilities, much like the macrobiota of Darwin’s Galapagos Islands. As a primary example of such a system, we highlight key discoveries from the Cuatro Ciénegas basin in Mexico. We argue that high microbial endemism requires a combination of geographical isolation, long-term continuity ...
Species selection and driven mechanisms jointly generate a large
... Evolution by natural selection is easy. Only heritable variation in fitness is needed for entities to evolve by natural selection (Lewontin 1970). In principle, many hierarchical levels can satisfy these criteria, from selfish genetic elements up through populations of organisms to the species level ...
... Evolution by natural selection is easy. Only heritable variation in fitness is needed for entities to evolve by natural selection (Lewontin 1970). In principle, many hierarchical levels can satisfy these criteria, from selfish genetic elements up through populations of organisms to the species level ...
Perspectives Poulton, Wallace and Jordan: how discoveries
... Diagnostic species concepts include the Linnaean morphological conception, as well as the more recent phenetic concept and also certain recent ‘phylogenetic’ species concepts that depend on fixed, diagnostic differences. Poulton shows that diagnostic definitions have the problem that geographic race ...
... Diagnostic species concepts include the Linnaean morphological conception, as well as the more recent phenetic concept and also certain recent ‘phylogenetic’ species concepts that depend on fixed, diagnostic differences. Poulton shows that diagnostic definitions have the problem that geographic race ...
Force–velocity trade-off in Darwin`s finch jaw function: a
... Riede et al. 2006). For songs with rapid modulations in source frequencies, jaw movements need to be correspondingly rapid to maintain vocal tract resonance function. Force–velocity trade-offs, however, may constrain velocities of jaw movements, particularly for birds that have evolved the ability t ...
... Riede et al. 2006). For songs with rapid modulations in source frequencies, jaw movements need to be correspondingly rapid to maintain vocal tract resonance function. Force–velocity trade-offs, however, may constrain velocities of jaw movements, particularly for birds that have evolved the ability t ...
Characterization of Prdm9 in Equids and Sterility
... sterility in male house mice via spermatogenic failure at the pachytene stage. The mule, a classic example of hybrid sterility in mammals also exhibits a similar spermatogenesis breakdown, making Prdm9 an interesting candidate to evaluate in equine hybrids. In this study, we characterized the Prdm9 ...
... sterility in male house mice via spermatogenic failure at the pachytene stage. The mule, a classic example of hybrid sterility in mammals also exhibits a similar spermatogenesis breakdown, making Prdm9 an interesting candidate to evaluate in equine hybrids. In this study, we characterized the Prdm9 ...
The competitive Darwin - Biology Learning Center
... move between rocky outcrops, they are at relatively high risk, for under such conditions their specialized structures are relatively inappropriate. In this way the environment determines the pattern of survival resulting in either stabilization or directional change. It is not surprising that stabil ...
... move between rocky outcrops, they are at relatively high risk, for under such conditions their specialized structures are relatively inappropriate. In this way the environment determines the pattern of survival resulting in either stabilization or directional change. It is not surprising that stabil ...
Unit 6 Portfolio
... A heritable trait that increases fitness is called an adaptive heritable trait. Individuals with an adaptive heritable trait generally produce more offspring than individuals that do not have this trait. For example, on gray sand, gray fur color is an adaptive heritable trait which allows mice to su ...
... A heritable trait that increases fitness is called an adaptive heritable trait. Individuals with an adaptive heritable trait generally produce more offspring than individuals that do not have this trait. For example, on gray sand, gray fur color is an adaptive heritable trait which allows mice to su ...
Section 1 The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
... more likely to survive and will reproduce more successfully than those that do not have such traits. Darwin called this differential rate of reproduction natural selection. In time, the number of individuals that carry these favorable characteristics will increase in a population. And thus the natur ...
... more likely to survive and will reproduce more successfully than those that do not have such traits. Darwin called this differential rate of reproduction natural selection. In time, the number of individuals that carry these favorable characteristics will increase in a population. And thus the natur ...
Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise. The biologist Orator F. Cook was the first to coin the term 'speciation' for the splitting of lineages or ""cladogenesis,"" as opposed to ""anagenesis"" or ""phyletic evolution"" occurring within lineages. Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation. There is research comparing the intensity of sexual selection in different clades with their number of species.There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture, or laboratory experiments. Whether genetic drift is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject matter of much ongoing discussion.