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Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction
Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction

... availability of acetylcholine results in improved muscle function and thus a transient improvement of the patient's symptoms. The most dramatic response is usually seen in patients with ocular difficulties. Patients with complete closure of the eyelids may open the eyes fully, but transiently, after ...
C13 Spinal Cord / Spinal Nerves / Somatic Reflexes / MC3 What are
C13 Spinal Cord / Spinal Nerves / Somatic Reflexes / MC3 What are

... What are the two type of motor nerve fibers in a skeletal muscle? Function? Where do these fibers synapse within the skeletal muscle? ...
Document
Document

...  The function of Vestibulospinal Syestem is to control of proper body posture and movement.  Specially, human upright vertical position is unstable.  A continuous activation of postural muscles is therefore required to avoid falling.  The problem is complicated by the reduced dimension of the s ...
curriculum
curriculum

... the foot, some working the ankle (e.g. tibialis anterior), others the bones of the foot, itself (e.g. flexor hallucis longus). Of course, the foot has many muscles of its own, all very important in the aforementioned movements, which help us sense and navigate our substrate (e.g. ground) as we walk. ...
Compound Action Potential, CAP
Compound Action Potential, CAP

... sheath and faster the conduction. Since it is difficult to ensure that the particular axons stimulated at one spot on the nerve are the same ones stimulated at a different site, it is necessary to stimulate all the axons at each site to obtain accurate estimates of motor conduction velocity; this is ...
OVERVIEW OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Peripheral
OVERVIEW OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Peripheral

... Proprioceptive senses – detect stretch in tendons and muscle provide information on body position, orientation and movement of body in space Special Senses - hearing, balance, vision, olfaction (smell), gustation (taste) ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem

... Research (currently mostly in rats) has identified a drug that is effective in limiting swelling and inflammation in the spinal cord. Other drugs have been found to inhibit release of glutamate, while still others inhibit its uptake. Apoptosis-inhibiting agents have been identified and have shown pr ...
Correction is highlighted
Correction is highlighted

... muscles All of the following statements comparing fast and slow-twitch muscle fibers are true EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? ...
TENS/5.
TENS/5.

... adapted to alloW selective control of electrical signal pulse intensity for each muscle group. By varying the duration and intensity of the electrical pulse, each muscle group can be speci?cally treated in accordance With the needs of the user. ...
Mark Time Reflex
Mark Time Reflex

... intestines through the surgical wound. • Deep anesthesia is required for intra-abdominal operation. ...
autonomic nervous system i
autonomic nervous system i

... • goose pimpling appears in seconds in cold or fearful situations • involuntary emptying of the bladder, when it occurs, does so in seconds • marked changes in blood pressure (rise or fall) can take place in about 5 secs. A precipitous fall in blood pressure causes fainting. ...
Neuro_Basis_of_AK__by_Dr._Walter_Schmitt
Neuro_Basis_of_AK__by_Dr._Walter_Schmitt

... withdrawal of the affected limb away from the painful stimulus.  There will be patterns of facilitation and inhibition ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Stimulation of single sites activates several muscles (diverging innervation) Many motor cortical neurons contribute to multijointed movements ...
The Evaluation of Weakness in the
The Evaluation of Weakness in the

... Pre-synaptic: inability to achieve transmission: decreased motor evoked amplitudes but normal latency and conduction ...
Muscle Spindles Provide Servo-assistance to Jaw
Muscle Spindles Provide Servo-assistance to Jaw

... that anaesthesia have been reported to altered spindle discharge. Therefore, recording of neuronal discharge from muscle spindle afferents during natural chewing of different hardness of edible foods is necessary to understand the role of muscle spindles during hard food chewing. In our recent study ...
Lecture Cranial Nerves 1
Lecture Cranial Nerves 1

... Gross Anatomy: Cranial Nerve Introduction (Grays, pages 807; 848-854) ...
Smooth Muscle
Smooth Muscle

... are called slow waves. • Pacemaker cells are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and thus gut smooth muscle tends to contract rhythmically even in the absence of ...
CNS consists of brain and spinal cord PNS consists of nerves CNS
CNS consists of brain and spinal cord PNS consists of nerves CNS

... Cerebellar cortex calculates the best way to smoothly coordinate muscle contraction "Blueprint" of coordinated movement sent to cerebral motor cortex and brain stem nuclei Role in thinking, language, and emotion May compare actual with expected output and adjust accordingly ...
Slide ()
Slide ()

... Course of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery between the anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles as seen from coronal oblique (A) and sagittal oblique (B) perspectives. Dilatation of the subclavian artery just distal to the anterior scalene muscle is illustrated in (A). Immediately distal ...
Muscle Contraction
Muscle Contraction

... Throughout the central nervous system, the neurons involved in controlling skeletal muscles can be thought of as being organized in a hierarchical fashion, each level of the hierarchy having a certain task in motor control • Given such a highly interconnected and complicated neuroanatomical basis f ...
08 Electrophysiology of muscles
08 Electrophysiology of muscles

... same area of the neuron cell membrane cannot be reexcited (fire another action potential). It is time it takes for the sodium gates to fully reset.  Relative Refractory Period – a time immediately after the absolute refractory period in which the same area of the neuron cell membrane can be re-exci ...
Tactile Stimulation
Tactile Stimulation

... Prolonged vibration stimulation to normal individuals could lead to muscle weakness attributable to attenuation of afferent feedback. This weakness is neurophysiologically similar to that seen in patients with knee injury. Theoretically, increasing input to gamma motor neurons could reverse this wea ...
Relationship between muscle output and functional MRI
Relationship between muscle output and functional MRI

... the participation of multiple cortical areas may be essential for planning and executing a voluntary motor action (König and Engel 1995). Despite the increased use of fMRI in human motor control investigation, only a small number of studies have addressed the relation between muscle output (force) a ...
Define Muscle Fibres www.AssignmentPoint.com Muscles, being the
Define Muscle Fibres www.AssignmentPoint.com Muscles, being the

... them, like transforming type II B to type II A fibers. This happens when for example, you do endurance exercises such as swimming, running, weight lifting, or other complex training. When you engage in these activities, you produce an increase in your fibers' size. ...
SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COMPLETION 1. A function
SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COMPLETION 1. A function

... (A) numerical matching of the number of presynaptic neurons and the size of postsynaptic targets (B) preferential retention of synapses that are formed by pioneer neurons (C) guidepost cells which stop axon growth (D) retaining vestigial axons that innervate inappropriate postsynaptic targets (E) ce ...
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Electromyography



Electromyography (EMG) is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG is performed using an instrument called an electromyograph, to produce a record called an electromyogram. An electromyograph detects the electrical potential generated by muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically activated. The signals can be analyzed to detect medical abnormalities, activation level, or recruitment order, or to analyze the biomechanics of human or animal movement.
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