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Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e

... 4. C<12, catalyzed by four soluble enzyme 5. Methylene group (-CH2-) in fatty acid is relatively stable  first three step create a much less stable C-C bond, in which the a carbon is bonded to two carbonyl carbon  then b-carbon makes it a good target for nucleophilic attack by the – SH of CoA 6. T ...
Organic Acids The basics
Organic Acids The basics

... A block in the breakdown of an organic acid can lead to its accumulation in the cell and its elevation in plasma and urine. The first transamination step and second dehydrogenation step of amino acid catabolism generate organic acids. Often this leads to a metabolic acidosis but this is not always t ...
towards the synthesis of functionalised macrocyclic receptors
towards the synthesis of functionalised macrocyclic receptors

... polyethers. This classic reaction involves the SN2 displacement of an alkyl halide with an alkoxide anion21 when a diol and dihalide are reacted together in presence of a base. Recently it was reported that the halide leaving group could be replaced by a much more reactive tosylate or mesylate leavi ...
Introduction to Metabolism
Introduction to Metabolism

... All of the following contribute to the large, negative, free-energy change upon hydrolysis of “high-energy” compounds except: A) electrostatic repulsion in the reactant. B) low activation energy of forward reaction. C) stabilization of products by extra resonance forms. D) stabilization of products ...


... The negative charge on the Aspartic acid residue will stabilize, or lower the energy of the HA+ form of histidine B due to a favorable electrostatic interaction. This will make the group a weaker acid, which explains the pKa shift from 6 to 7. ...
Handout 14, 15 - U of L Class Index
Handout 14, 15 - U of L Class Index

... Proteins equivalent to chaperons and chaperonins have been identified. Eukaryotic folding makes less use of chaperonins, and more depends upon the action of Hsp70 chaperons. ...
Conformational Preferences of Amino Acids in Globular Proteins?
Conformational Preferences of Amino Acids in Globular Proteins?

ppt
ppt

... C. Fatty acid synthase complex: • Sequentially adds 2-C units from 3-C malonyl CoA • 2 reduction reactions after each addition (NADPH) • 16-C Palmitate is typical product • FAS is large enzyme: 2 subunits (one polypeptide each) with 7 catalytic activities and ACP domain • ACP – acyl carrier protein ...
The Lactic Acid System
The Lactic Acid System

... races, lasting up to about two minutes or for the first 40 seconds or so of less intensive exercise (before the aerobic metabolism has been fully activated), the body uses the lactic acid system for energy. The pyruvic acid that is produced is converted to lactic acid (C3H603), which very quickly di ...
Ch. 33 Synthesis of Fatty acids, Triacylglycerols, Membrane lipids
Ch. 33 Synthesis of Fatty acids, Triacylglycerols, Membrane lipids

LIPID METABOLISM
LIPID METABOLISM

Spring 2016 Practice Final Exam w/ solution
Spring 2016 Practice Final Exam w/ solution

... A) Products include NADP+ and CoA B) Products include stearate (C18:0) and CO2 C) Substrates include acetyl CoA D) Substrates include malonyl CoA E) Substrates include NADPH XXIX. Acyl carrier protein and CoA have all of the following in common EXCEPT A) Both incorporate ADP into their structure B) ...
Tumor Antigen–Directed Expression of CD8 T
Tumor Antigen–Directed Expression of CD8 T

... another antibody, which specifically recognizes the antigen-binding amino acid sequence of Ab1. This antibody is designated as Ab2 or antiidiotypic antibody. Because only certain amino acid sequences in antibody-binding regions differ between Ab1 and antibody of other specificities present in the ho ...
Gene Mutations Worksheet
Gene Mutations Worksheet

... 1. Review with the class about point mutations and the differences between frame shift and base substitution. 2. Students work on the handout by themselves. Accommodations: Students with an IEP can take the handout home if they need extra time, and/or do questions 1 - 3 and questions 11 - 24. Evalua ...
Incorporation of radioactive citrate into fatty acids
Incorporation of radioactive citrate into fatty acids

... fatty acids from [l*C]citrate with increasing amounts of non-radioactive acetate. Additional support for this mechanism is gathered from the fact that distribution of radioactivity in fatty acids analyzed by gas chromatography from labeled citrate is similar to that obtained from labeled acetate e. ...
Bio Chemistry (Power Point File) - Homoeopathy Clinics In India
Bio Chemistry (Power Point File) - Homoeopathy Clinics In India

... level of CK returns to normal within 2-3 days. ...
Dog and human acid ,-D-galactosidases are structurally similar
Dog and human acid ,-D-galactosidases are structurally similar

... 4-methylumbelliferyl f-D-galactopyranoside as substrate, and protein was determined by the method of Lowry et al. (1951). In a typical experiment, 1 kg portions of pooled frozen dog liver were cut into small pieces and homogenized at 40C in a Waring blender for 1 min at low speed with 3 litres of 5m ...
Lipoic Acid 100 mg The Universal Antioxidant
Lipoic Acid 100 mg The Universal Antioxidant

Chapter 7: Recent advances in enzyme technology
Chapter 7: Recent advances in enzyme technology

... enzyme-catalysed reactions. One major factor must first be addressed; the stability of the enzyme in these systems. A distinction should be drawn between the more water-soluble hydrophilic enzymes and the more hydrophobic enzymes often associated with lipid and membranes (e.g. lipases). The active i ...
Roberts, LM Dept. of Chemistry California State
Roberts, LM Dept. of Chemistry California State

... • Thoroughly understand water's hydrogen-bonding properties • Be able to do a buffer problem • Know that low pKa means good acid, etc. • Be able to draw or recognize the basic functional groups and bonds of the four groups of macromolecules • Understand micelles, solvation, and the hydrophobic effec ...
Text - PDF
Text - PDF

... aquacultured Oncorhynchus mykiss are not much different from those of other rapidly growing farm animals. He found that rainbow trout was utilized either a dispensable amino acids mixture or alanine alone as effectively as casein as energy source. In the present study seven amino acids (proline, ala ...
Comparative Visualization of Protein Structure
Comparative Visualization of Protein Structure

... Figure 1: RasMol’s [22] ball and Figure 2: Glyph depiction of stick depiction of cold-shock pro- cold-shock protein 1mef’s chain B along with target sequence tein 1mef’s chain B To address the first problem, we have developed a low resolution representation of protein molecular structure, using buil ...
C H
C H

... Configuration of a molecule – three-dimentional arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The ability to form two or more molecules with different configuration is called stereoisomerism. Stereocenter is defined as an atom bearing groups such that an interchanging of any two groups leads to a stereoisom ...
Crystal structure of a membrane-bound l-amino acid
Crystal structure of a membrane-bound l-amino acid

... The physiological roles of membrane-bound LAADs are not fully understood so far, although it has been reported that they can produce a-keto acids as siderophores to relieve iron restriction (Drechsel et al., 1993). Recently, membrane-bound LAAD has attracted increasing attentions due to their potent ...
Studies on a Mutant Strain of Escherichia coli which
Studies on a Mutant Strain of Escherichia coli which

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Peptide synthesis

In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, which are organic compounds in which multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds, also known as peptide bonds. The biological process of producing long peptides (proteins) is known as protein biosynthesis.
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