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MORPHINE
MORPHINE

... Pure morphine was isolated in 1803 by German apothecary Frederich Serturner. The development of the hypodermic needle in 1853 allowed for morphine to be administered easily. It was used extensively in the Civil War as ananalgesic and sedative often by rubbing it directly onto the wounds. Soldiers to ...
Pharmacotherapeutic action of Dasanga Guggulu
Pharmacotherapeutic action of Dasanga Guggulu

... prehistoric natural medicinal method in the world has mentioned about this disease under the topic of Medo Roga and Athisthaulya. Its causative factors, pathogenesis and treatment methods were described elaborately in Ayurvedic authentic literature. These treatments have been practiced over thousand ...
Orciprenaline Sulphate - EBL
Orciprenaline Sulphate - EBL

... •It is marketed by GlaxoSmithKline as Ventolin, Aerolin or Ventorlin. •Salbutamol was the first selective Β2-receptor agonist to be marketed — in 1968. It was first sold by Allen & Hanburys under the brand name Ventolin. •Salbutamol is specifically indicated by Acute asthma. •The most common side ef ...
Contrast Agent and Radiopharmaceutical Billing Codes Hospital
Contrast Agent and Radiopharmaceutical Billing Codes Hospital

... care considering the medical necessity of the services and supplies provided, the regulations of insurance carriers and any local, state or federal laws that apply to the supplies and services rendered. We are providing you this information in an educational capacity with the understanding that we a ...
Sound-Alike/Look-Alike Drugs for Hospital
Sound-Alike/Look-Alike Drugs for Hospital

... Fatal errors have occurred, often due to name similarity, when patients were erroneously given Vincristine intravenously, but at the higher Vinblastine dose. Similar names and some similar strengths have contributed to medication errors. This may represent significant overdose, leading to serious ad ...
Reduction in Medication Errors: The Fentora Case Study
Reduction in Medication Errors: The Fentora Case Study

... reports of medication errors had been reported since the product’s launch in 2006, 74% of which were prescribing errors. Subsequent to the initiation of a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) by FDA and the sponsor in 2011, reports of prescribing errors dropped rapidly. It is likely the RE ...
PH.1. The hospital has a pharmacy service department and headed
PH.1. The hospital has a pharmacy service department and headed

... identifying and handling expired medications. PH.18.1 Written policy clearly defines expiry date, expired medications, nearly expired medications, and proper procedure for handling expired drugs, and inspection form (s). PH.18.2 All expired and/or nearly-expired medications are properly labeled and ...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

... oleo  resins,  extract  derived  from  various  parts  of  the  plants  like  leaves,  fruits  and  flowers.  Flavors  can  be  used  alone  or  in  the  combination.  Peppermint  oil,  cinnamon  oil,  oil  of  nutmeg  are  examples  of  flavor  oils  while  vanilla,  cocoa,  coffee,  chocolate  and ...
Distribution of technetium-99m-labelled QVAR delivered using an Autohaler device in children
Distribution of technetium-99m-labelled QVAR delivered using an Autohaler device in children

... Use of the QVARTM formulation has been shown to significantly increase lung deposition in adults compared to other pMDI formulations, when delivered by either pMDI [6] or AutohalerTM [7, 8]. Clinical efficacy studies have also shown that 2.5-times more CFC/BDP is required to achieve the same benefic ...
FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS: AN OVERVIEW OF FORMULATION AND TECHNOLOGY Review Article  SIRAJ SHAIKH  ,R.V.KHIRSAGAR
FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS: AN OVERVIEW OF FORMULATION AND TECHNOLOGY Review Article  SIRAJ SHAIKH  ,R.V.KHIRSAGAR

... by  the  patients.  Tablets  based  on  technologies  like  Zydis  need  special  type  of  packaging.  It  is  very  natural  that  increasing  the  mechanical  strength  will  delay  the  disintegration  time.  So  a  good  compromise between these two parameters is always essential.  ii) Taste ma ...
Drug Chart Part 1 - Website of Neelay Gandhi
Drug Chart Part 1 - Website of Neelay Gandhi

... exudates @ base of the ulcer & forms a resistant barrier (won’t adhere to normal tissue) -Coats for >5 hr.s -Doesn’t effect acid secretion & absorbs pepsin ...
COMPARATIVE HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF LIV-52 AND SILYMARINE AGAINST
COMPARATIVE HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF LIV-52 AND SILYMARINE AGAINST

... alcohol) or impairment of its function may lead to many complications in one’s health. There is a no rational therapy available for liver disorders and it is a still challenge to modern medicine1. Hepatic injury can be life threatening when the entirely or most of the liver is exposed to any hepatot ...
Anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of different extracts from
Anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of different extracts from

... depression and anxiety disorders have been found to be associated  with  chronic  pain  among  medical  patients  in  both  developed  and  developing  countries  [11‐12].  These  considerations  implicate  the  search for new anxiolytic and antidepressant agents that have a fast  onset  of  action  ...
Experimental Designs for Drug Combination Studies
Experimental Designs for Drug Combination Studies

... important that the experimental designs for such studies make use of all relevant available information in order to ensure statistically viable results and most efficient use of the available resources. Frequently used experimental designs require to collect data for the response of interest at diff ...
Natural Medicine LawTM Newsletter
Natural Medicine LawTM Newsletter

... are not explained in the notice. Also, FDA was unable to determine the identity of the NDI because there is no information explaining how the roots are processed or extracted during the preparation of the ingredient. Further the serving levels and form of the product are unclear to FDA. For example, ...
Do You Know Amphetamines
Do You Know Amphetamines

... When taken as prescribed, amphetamines and related drugs do not cause addiction. However, these drugs can cause addiction if they are misused. Methyl­phenidate is less likely to cause addiction than other amphetamines. Regular non-medical use of amphetamines can lead to tolerance. This means that th ...
Twenty-Six Years of Anti-HIV Drug Discovery
Twenty-Six Years of Anti-HIV Drug Discovery

... inhibitors (NRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), fusion inhibitors (FIs), co-receptor inhibitors (CRIs), and integrase inhibitors (INIs). This arsenal of drugs, which is used in combinations ...
Do You Know... Benzodiazepines
Do You Know... Benzodiazepines

... ·· if you’ve taken any alcohol or other drugs (illegal, prescription, over-the-counter or herbal). ...
Transdermal Delivery of Drugs with Microneedles—Potential and
Transdermal Delivery of Drugs with Microneedles—Potential and

... et al. recently reported that techniques that only permeabilize stratum corneum are much less effective than those that increase the permeability of the entire epidermis [5] The authors showed that removal of stratum corneum dramatically increased skin permeability, but removal of the full epidermis ...
PUBLIC ASSESSMENT REPORT of the Medicines Evaluation Board
PUBLIC ASSESSMENT REPORT of the Medicines Evaluation Board

... data. This information is not fully available in the public domain. Authorisations for generic products are therefore linked to the ‘original’ authorised medicinal product, which is legally allowed once the data protection time of the dossier of the reference product has expired. For this kind of ap ...
NVOC 16 - Pharmacology
NVOC 16 - Pharmacology

... Students who arrive to after the theoretical component of the class has started will not be permitted to enter the classroom until after the first break. ...
Misuse of Prescription Drugs
Misuse of Prescription Drugs

... When taken as prescribed, patients can often use opioids to manage pain safely and effectively. However, it is possible to develop a substance use disorder when taking opioid medications as prescribed. This risk and the risk for overdose increase when these medications are misused. Even a single lar ...
LABEL Infopest Verified
LABEL Infopest Verified

... Carprofen is eliminated in the dog primarily by biotransformation in the liver followed by rapid excretion of the resulting metabolites (the ester glucuronide of carprofen and the ether glucuronides of 2 phenolic metabolites, 7-hydroxy carprofen and 8-hydroxy carprofen) in the faeces (70–80%) and ur ...
FIP GUIDELINES FOR DISSOLUTION TESTING OF SOLID ORAL
FIP GUIDELINES FOR DISSOLUTION TESTING OF SOLID ORAL

... range of maximum variability expected from process validation studies. The term „dissolution" itself is used for all dosage forms, i.e. immediate-release (such as prompt drug releasing or conventional dosage forms) as well as modified-release products (such as controlled, delayed, extended, modified ...
RadioPharmaceuticals
RadioPharmaceuticals

... be non irritating, non toxic & must not exert an adverse effect on ingredient of formulation. These must be included because of limited water solubility of a medicinal substances or it’s susceptibility to hydrolysis. The screening includes testing of it’s physical properties such as density, viscosi ...
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Pharmacognosy



Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal drugs derived from plants or other natural sources. The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as ""the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources.""It is also defined as the study of crude drugs.
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