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Artemisia annua L., Potential Source of Molecules with
Artemisia annua L., Potential Source of Molecules with

... researchers to explore new alternatives to treat different diseases with Artemisia annua L., an important plant of traditional Chinese pharmacopoeia that has been used for more than 2.000 years in the treatment of different diseases, mainly malaria. Methods: Data include currently available informat ...
Fast Dissolving Tablets- A Novel Approach
Fast Dissolving Tablets- A Novel Approach

... with ever increasing demand. Fast dissolving tablet (FDT) is one such type of an innovative and unique drug delivery system which is swiftly gaining much attention in the research field of rapid dissolving technology. Oral route is the most expedient and safest route of drug delivery because of wide ...
The rise and fall of the COX-2 inhibitors
The rise and fall of the COX-2 inhibitors

... exchange adverse drug reactions. This is essential to ensure that rapid and appropriate responses are made to potential safety issues related to medicinal products. The various regulatory restriction of the COX-2 inhibitors go to show the extreme importance of post-market surveillance which include ...
Mechanism of action
Mechanism of action

... ring and a b-lactam ring. The mechanism of action is identical to penicillins • Mechanism of Resistance: Same as penicillins • Cephalosporins are less susceptible to Staphylococcus beta-lactamase; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus is resistant to most cephalosporins. • Classification: The cephalo ...
The Technique of Distillation
The Technique of Distillation

... identifies the active component, its chemical structure can be determined using modern spectroscopic techniques (IR, NMR, Mass Spectrometry, X-ray crystallography). Even if the new compound has side effects that render it unsuitable as a drug candidate, the pharmaceutical chemists will use the compo ...
simultaneous estimation of salbutamol and ketotifen in tablet dosage
simultaneous estimation of salbutamol and ketotifen in tablet dosage

... Salbutamol (SAL) is chemically RS-[4-[2-(tert-butylamino)-1hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl) phenol] is a shortacting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of Bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[1-3]. Salbutamol is still commonly delivered a ...
Adams, Pharmacology for Nurse: A Pathophysiologic
Adams, Pharmacology for Nurse: A Pathophysiologic

... Rationale 1: The Controlled Substance Act is the law under which medications with abuse potential are restricted. Stimulant medications are considered controlled substances. More frequent evaluations are a good plan, but this is not the reason for restricted use of stimulant medications. Drug compan ...
The use of benzodiazepines within the Traveller community
The use of benzodiazepines within the Traveller community

... Traveller women identified as being most at risk of forming a dependency. This gender difference mirrors that of the majority population7. Traveller organisations reported that there appears to be a misconception that benzodiazepines are not harmful as they are prescribed by a medical professional. ...
SENIOR: Solifenacin (VESICARE) vs Oxybutynin
SENIOR: Solifenacin (VESICARE) vs Oxybutynin

... At first glance this trial appears to support the use of solifenacin over oxybutynin because of their differing effects on cognition in  elderly people with MCI. However, this is somewhat misleading as there was no difference in the primary end‐point studied. There is  some potential for differences ...
Pharmacological drugs inducing ototoxicity, vestibular symptoms
Pharmacological drugs inducing ototoxicity, vestibular symptoms

... Only through continuous updating and experience sharing it’s possible to offer patients the certainty of receiving the treatment that is appropriate, safe and effective and based upon the most credited clinical studies. This approach is definitely challenging but necessary in order to attain positiv ...
Prodrugs—from Serendipity to Rational Design
Prodrugs—from Serendipity to Rational Design

... The latter are usually referred to as bioprecursor prodrugs. Conventional carrier-linked prodrugs often have a synthetic handle, a spacer or linker, between the active drug and the promoiety when the desired prodrug moiety cannot be attached directly to the parent molecule because of steric hindranc ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

...  Before the experiment in test Diacerein at dose of 4.2mg/kg group showed mean reaction time was6.2, with SE of 0.095, Where as in standard1 Etoricoxib at dose of 15mg/kg group showed mean reaction time was 6.3 with SE of 0.172, Where as in standard 2 Meloxicam at dose of 0.642mg/kg group showed me ...
anticoagulant
anticoagulant

... factor Xa by binding to antithrombin (AT) • In contrast, in order to inactivate thrombin (IIa), the heparin molecule must be long enough to bind both antithrombin and thrombin • the chains of LMWH are not long enough to bind antithrombin and thrombin ...
Blue with White Corner
Blue with White Corner

... • AUC/dose gives an average extent of bioavailability. • The rate of absorption is usually also important for the onset of drug action. • The time of peak plasma concentration is used often as a measure of the rate of drug absorption. • The peak plasma concentration is also an important parameter - ...
Judy Leung
Judy Leung

... has concluded Tamiflu, the drug most widely stockpiled around the world to combat a feared pandemic, is "useless." Dr. Nguyen Tuong Van, who runs the intensive care unit of the Center for Tropical Diseases in Hanoi, followed World Health Organization guidelines in her treatment of patients but concl ...
Evidence-based guideline: Antiepileptic drug selection
Evidence-based guideline: Antiepileptic drug selection

... which might be expected to lower the effective dose of nonnucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs), which are also metabolized by the P450 system. But several additional potential mechanisms of interaction and the impact of ARVs on AEDs also warrant consider ...
Translational Safety in Drug Development
Translational Safety in Drug Development

... individual subject factors with a focus on populations and variability, Toxicometrics is defined as the science that quantifies drug, toxicity and clinical trial information to aid efficient drug development, regulatory decisions and rational drug treatment in patients. Toxicometric-based drug model ...
Pharmacokinetics Study of Pioglitazone (30 mg) Tablets in Healthy
Pharmacokinetics Study of Pioglitazone (30 mg) Tablets in Healthy

... Accomplishment of clinical benefits, safe and effective drug therapy is difficult due to large interpatient variability in response to many drugs.3 The knowledge of a drug’s pharmacokinetic profile within individual has allowed the clinician to ensure optimization of the drug’s performance.7 Hence, ...
PHYTOCHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES
PHYTOCHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES

... It is hereby declared that this research work titled “Phytochemical, Biological and Toxicological Studies of the Extracts of Young Twigs and Leaves of Gray Nicker Nut (Caesalpinia bonduc (Linn)) Roxb” was undertaken by Ogunlana Olubanke Olujoke. It is based on her original study in the Department of ...
Antiarrhythmics - BHS Education Resource
Antiarrhythmics - BHS Education Resource

... tachyarrhythmias • Supraventricular arrhythmias: glycosides (digoxin), ...
BETHANECHOL CHLORIDE TABLETS, USP 5 mg - Upsher
BETHANECHOL CHLORIDE TABLETS, USP 5 mg - Upsher

... Because of the selective action of bethanechol chloride, nicotinic symptoms of cholinergic stimulation are usually absent or minimal when orally or subcutaneously administered in therapeutic doses, while muscarinic effects are prominent. Muscarinic effects usually occur within 5 to 15 minutes after ...
Lewis 2013
Lewis 2013

... Box 1 | Antibiotic resistance and tolerance The rise and spread of antibiotic resistance presents a unique challenge to both science and medicine. Today, the crisis is epitomized by the spread of multidrug-resistant ‘ESKAPE’ organisms (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Acine ...
COMMITTEE FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR VETERINARY
COMMITTEE FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR VETERINARY

... In a letter dated 25 January 2007, Mr Robert Madelin from the Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection of the European Commission informed the EMEA that the Commission was considering the authorisation for the placing on the market of the genetically modified potato line EH92527-1 whic ...
Nexium News: the “Purple Pill” Goes Over-The
Nexium News: the “Purple Pill” Goes Over-The

... than 2 days per week, but PPIs may take up to 4 days to work. Self-treatment of heartburn should not exceed 2 weeks unless directed by a doctor, although 14-day courses may be repeated every 4 months according to approved OTC labeling. Despite OTC status, use of PPIs is not without potential harm; s ...
off-label drug use: pros and cons - Albany Law Journal of Science
off-label drug use: pros and cons - Albany Law Journal of Science

... effects. Think about oncology specifically, where you’re talking about some of the most expensive and some of the most toxic drugs. Yet, in almost 75% of instances, this represents off-label drug use. Some patients are willing to take those risks for undocumented efficacy and potential for side effe ...
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Pharmacognosy



Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal drugs derived from plants or other natural sources. The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as ""the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources.""It is also defined as the study of crude drugs.
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