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Aggregate Demand Policy
Aggregate Demand Policy

Economics Web Newsletter
Economics Web Newsletter

Recent Advances in the Field of Trade Theory  July 2012
Recent Advances in the Field of Trade Theory July 2012

Ch12 perfect competition
Ch12 perfect competition

our powerpoint
our powerpoint

...  Use a Cobb-Douglas consumption function for Cookies  Choose between savings and consumption  Preferences are randomized ...
Homework 4 - personal.kent.edu
Homework 4 - personal.kent.edu

... How much are the firm’s profits? We solve this the same way we did part a. Supply and Demand cross at a price of $13 and quantity of 8000. For a price of $13, each firm wants to sell 8. Profits = ($13 - $12)*8 = $8. d. Based on your answer to part a, explain in words what you think will happen in th ...
Document
Document

... g. An invention of a new, but expensive, process of removing all cholesterol from butter , plus the passing of law which states that all producers must use this process. D  S  ...
Microeconomics - WordPress.com
Microeconomics - WordPress.com

... • The impact of the product market on firms’ prices and output choices is determined by the nature of the product and the market structure in which they operate. • In perfect competition firms produce a homogeneous product and are price-takers in their output markets. • All profit-maximising firms c ...
Document
Document

Lecture 11: Minimisation of cost and demand for factors
Lecture 11: Minimisation of cost and demand for factors

PDF
PDF

... Accordingly, the model includes separate conditional demand equations for domestic and imported intermediate inputs (Hertel and Tsigas, 1997). The government and private households spend their income on domestically produced commodities and imported ones and they pay additional commodity taxes on im ...
The Firm`s Output Decision
The Firm`s Output Decision

Review Sheet for Last Third of the Class
Review Sheet for Last Third of the Class

The Beginning of Microeconomics
The Beginning of Microeconomics

Chapter 11
Chapter 11

The dilemmas of a socialist economy: the Hungarian experience
The dilemmas of a socialist economy: the Hungarian experience

... hundred channels makes profit incentive illusory from several aspects. In microeconomics, it is assumed that the expenses of the profit-maximising firm are delimited by the so-called budget constraint. Yet, in the circumstances described above the budget ...
Profit maximization and supply curve of a competitive firm
Profit maximization and supply curve of a competitive firm

... A shutdown refers to a short-run decision not to produce anything during a specific period time because of current market conditions. Exit refers to a long-run decision to leave the market. A firm that shuts down temporarily still has to pay its fixed costs, whereas a firm that exits can save both i ...
Lecture 11: Minimisation of Cost and Demand for Factors
Lecture 11: Minimisation of Cost and Demand for Factors

... • So today we are finding the cheapest way of producing a given level of output at given factor (input) prices. • This implies demands for the two factors... • ... which are obviously dependent on the ‘givens’ – namely the level of output and the factor prices. • If we vary these ‘givens’ we are doi ...
Chapter 9 International Trade
Chapter 9 International Trade

Research Your Market Value by Meeting with Search Firms One way
Research Your Market Value by Meeting with Search Firms One way

Chapter - Higher Ed
Chapter - Higher Ed

The Economics of Food Markets
The Economics of Food Markets

... • Producers supply Qs & Consumers demand Qd • After export tax: Domestic supply falls (Qs to Qts) because producers bear part of tax, receiving a lower price, Ptd. • Producer surplus falls by A+B+C • Consumers benefit from increased consumption (Qd to Qtd) and increased consumer surplus of A+B • Con ...
PDF
PDF

Trade Under Increasing Returns to Scale
Trade Under Increasing Returns to Scale

BMGT 4930 Chapter 5 slides
BMGT 4930 Chapter 5 slides

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Brander–Spencer model



The Brander–Spencer model is an economic model in international trade originally developed by James Brander and Barbara Spencer in the early 1980s. The model illustrates a situation where, under certain assumptions, a government can subsidize domestic firms to help them in their competition against foreign producers and in doing so enhances national welfare. This conclusion stands in contrast to results from most international trade models, in which government non-interference is socially optimal.The basic model is a variation on the Stackelberg–Cournot ""leader and follower"" duopoly game. Alternatively, the model can be portrayed in game theoretic terms as initially a game with multiple Nash equilibria, with government having the capability of affecting the payoffs to switch to a game with just one equilibrium. Although it is possible for the national government to increase a country's welfare in the model through export subsidies, the policy is of beggar thy neighbor type. This also means that if all governments simultaneously attempt to follow the policy prescription of the model, all countries would wind up worse off.The model was part of the ""New Trade Theory"" that was developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, which incorporated then recent developments from literature on industrial organization into theories of international trade. In particular, like in many other New Trade Theory models, economies of scale (in this case, in the form of fixed entry costs) play an important role in the Brander–Spencer model.
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