S. altissima
... bud (Fig. 1)(1). Fly galls are subject to predation from birds and other insects, including a beetle and two parasitic wasps (1). This interaction has been used to demonstrate balancing selection and to study trophic interactions (1,2,3). An open question remains whether host plant or habitat specia ...
... bud (Fig. 1)(1). Fly galls are subject to predation from birds and other insects, including a beetle and two parasitic wasps (1). This interaction has been used to demonstrate balancing selection and to study trophic interactions (1,2,3). An open question remains whether host plant or habitat specia ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: the emergence of a synthetic ecological framework CHAPTER 1
... Two in¯uential early studies by Tilman and colleagues would focus biodiversity-functioning on plant diversity and plant production and this focus would dramatically increase the visibility of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research. They would also catalyse emerging debates over the interpre ...
... Two in¯uential early studies by Tilman and colleagues would focus biodiversity-functioning on plant diversity and plant production and this focus would dramatically increase the visibility of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research. They would also catalyse emerging debates over the interpre ...
Biodiversity in the Cacao Agroecosystem
... upon these leaves as diurnal hiding places. Manipulation of understory to remove lianas or dense vegetation will impact this microhabitat and overall diversity in, as yet unknown ways. The same argument can be made for epiphytic plants, various forms of dead wood, etc. On the macro-scale, the size a ...
... upon these leaves as diurnal hiding places. Manipulation of understory to remove lianas or dense vegetation will impact this microhabitat and overall diversity in, as yet unknown ways. The same argument can be made for epiphytic plants, various forms of dead wood, etc. On the macro-scale, the size a ...
3 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... The species composition for each of the different diversity treatments was randomly generated from a pool of 18 species, and species were introduced to the plots by adding 15 g of seed per m2 for each species. A small army of workers weeded the plots to maintain the diversity treatments, and Tilman ...
... The species composition for each of the different diversity treatments was randomly generated from a pool of 18 species, and species were introduced to the plots by adding 15 g of seed per m2 for each species. A small army of workers weeded the plots to maintain the diversity treatments, and Tilman ...
Leaf-level nitrogen-use efficiency of canopy and understorey
... different irradiances in a monospecific stand of Xanthium canadense. They demonstrated that larger individuals used N more efficiently (greater above-ground NUE) with higher above-ground NP and longer above-ground MRT than smaller plants. Although Hikosaka & Hirose (2001) showed that light influence ...
... different irradiances in a monospecific stand of Xanthium canadense. They demonstrated that larger individuals used N more efficiently (greater above-ground NUE) with higher above-ground NP and longer above-ground MRT than smaller plants. Although Hikosaka & Hirose (2001) showed that light influence ...
14-SVENSSONH.pdf
... Among the forest birds, the woodpeckers are important components. Certain species have proved to be sensitive indicators of the state of the forests, for example the Middle Spotted, White-backed, Three-toed and Lesser Spotted Woodpeckers. The first species is now extinct in Sweden, the second one ha ...
... Among the forest birds, the woodpeckers are important components. Certain species have proved to be sensitive indicators of the state of the forests, for example the Middle Spotted, White-backed, Three-toed and Lesser Spotted Woodpeckers. The first species is now extinct in Sweden, the second one ha ...
46. Pulu Keeling National Park
... 46. Pulu Keeling National Park Information in the Ecological Character Description (ECD) (Hale 2009) and the latest version of the Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for the Pulu Keeling National Park Ramsar site were reviewed to identify threats to the ecological character of the site. Terminology from ...
... 46. Pulu Keeling National Park Information in the Ecological Character Description (ECD) (Hale 2009) and the latest version of the Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for the Pulu Keeling National Park Ramsar site were reviewed to identify threats to the ecological character of the site. Terminology from ...
2. The Great Cormorant and the current use of art.9
... one of the reasons listed in 9(1)(a),9(1)(b), or 9(1)(c) applies; and the technical requirements of Article 9(2) are met. In the Guide on Sustainable hunting (EC, 2008) it is stipulated that “derogations are ‘exceptions’ which allow for some flexibility in the application of a law”. This 'except ...
... one of the reasons listed in 9(1)(a),9(1)(b), or 9(1)(c) applies; and the technical requirements of Article 9(2) are met. In the Guide on Sustainable hunting (EC, 2008) it is stipulated that “derogations are ‘exceptions’ which allow for some flexibility in the application of a law”. This 'except ...
Rising to the Challenge - Credit Valley Conservation
... The Credit River Watershed – all the land that drains into the Credit River – covers about 860 square kilometres. Some of that land has been preserved as Conservation Areas, parks, and other protected areas. Some land has been carefully managed by farmers and other landowners to provide food and res ...
... The Credit River Watershed – all the land that drains into the Credit River – covers about 860 square kilometres. Some of that land has been preserved as Conservation Areas, parks, and other protected areas. Some land has been carefully managed by farmers and other landowners to provide food and res ...
Wildlife Division - Missouri Department of Conservation
... Morrow became Field Division chief. It was about this time that field demonstrations began to be widely used, and this approach required coordination with other land management agencies. Field Service agents found themselves playing the role they still followcoordinators with other agencies in soil ...
... Morrow became Field Division chief. It was about this time that field demonstrations began to be widely used, and this approach required coordination with other land management agencies. Field Service agents found themselves playing the role they still followcoordinators with other agencies in soil ...
Mutualistic Mimicry and Filtering by Altitude Shape the Structure of
... montane regions are important drivers of diversification (Thomas et al. 2008; Elias et al. 2009b; Rosser et al. 2012). The limited areas of many montane habitats mean that montane species tend to have much smaller geographic ranges than lowland continental species, and it is therefore unsurprising t ...
... montane regions are important drivers of diversification (Thomas et al. 2008; Elias et al. 2009b; Rosser et al. 2012). The limited areas of many montane habitats mean that montane species tend to have much smaller geographic ranges than lowland continental species, and it is therefore unsurprising t ...
Stable coexistence of ecologically identical species: conspecific
... what Chesson (1991) referred to by some ‘social factors’ being needed for stable coexistence of identical species in the aggregation model. One such mechanism was ...
... what Chesson (1991) referred to by some ‘social factors’ being needed for stable coexistence of identical species in the aggregation model. One such mechanism was ...
The Influence of Interspecific Competition and Other Factors on the
... Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal ...
... Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal ...
Foliicolous lichens as model organisms to study tropical rainforest
... The formation of three distinct foliicolous liehen communities in the rain forest understory, in natural Clearings caused by fallen trees, and in the canopy is indicated in several papers on the subject (N O W A K & W IN K LER 1970, 1975; LÜCKING 1995b, 1998c, 1999a, c; CÄCERES et al. 2000). These ...
... The formation of three distinct foliicolous liehen communities in the rain forest understory, in natural Clearings caused by fallen trees, and in the canopy is indicated in several papers on the subject (N O W A K & W IN K LER 1970, 1975; LÜCKING 1995b, 1998c, 1999a, c; CÄCERES et al. 2000). These ...
Invasive species: a threat to our heritage
... Invasive species are a global problem, with countries having to invest heavily to avoid species from other countries impacting negatively on their local ecosystems. These species are introduced primarily by humans; sometimes accidentally, while at other times very much intentionally. Globalisation, ...
... Invasive species are a global problem, with countries having to invest heavily to avoid species from other countries impacting negatively on their local ecosystems. These species are introduced primarily by humans; sometimes accidentally, while at other times very much intentionally. Globalisation, ...
British Columbia Grasslands Monitoring Vegetation Change
... convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the FORREX–Forest Research Extension Partnership of any product or service to the exclusion of any others that may also be suitable. ...
... convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the FORREX–Forest Research Extension Partnership of any product or service to the exclusion of any others that may also be suitable. ...
mf920e
... The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 identifies twenty targets, referred to as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, organized under five strategic goals. Strategic Goals A and B address the underlying causes and direct pressures causing the loss of biodiversity. Strategic Goal C deals with the c ...
... The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 identifies twenty targets, referred to as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, organized under five strategic goals. Strategic Goals A and B address the underlying causes and direct pressures causing the loss of biodiversity. Strategic Goal C deals with the c ...
3 Biological Resources Limiting Factors
... impacts to aquatic habitats in terms of the degree to which altered ecosystem components impact habitat quality or quantity for focal fish species in the subbasins. The technical teams relied on existing information and professional judgment to make these assessments. Watershed level assessments of ...
... impacts to aquatic habitats in terms of the degree to which altered ecosystem components impact habitat quality or quantity for focal fish species in the subbasins. The technical teams relied on existing information and professional judgment to make these assessments. Watershed level assessments of ...
Biodiversity PPT Revised
... • Reefs provide millions of people with food, tourism revenue, coastal protection, and sources of new chemicals, but are poorly studied and not as well protected by laws as terrestrial areas are. • Nearly 60 percent of Earth’s coral reefs are threatened by human activities, such as pollution, develo ...
... • Reefs provide millions of people with food, tourism revenue, coastal protection, and sources of new chemicals, but are poorly studied and not as well protected by laws as terrestrial areas are. • Nearly 60 percent of Earth’s coral reefs are threatened by human activities, such as pollution, develo ...
Human-Induced Trophic Cascades along the Fecal Detritus Pathway
... Copyright: ß 2013 Nichols et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Financial support for ...
... Copyright: ß 2013 Nichols et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Financial support for ...
The Scale of Successional Models and Restoration Objectives
... We can arbitrarily divide this continuum into several categories. One is those processes contained within restoration sites. These would include biological processes such as competition, parasitism, and mutualism, that is, most processes involved in interactions among individuals. Restoration sites ...
... We can arbitrarily divide this continuum into several categories. One is those processes contained within restoration sites. These would include biological processes such as competition, parasitism, and mutualism, that is, most processes involved in interactions among individuals. Restoration sites ...
Social and landscape effects on food webs: a
... [9] for pitcher plants and [10] for beetles). In butterfly associated metacommunities, van Nouhuys and Hanski [8] present the competition/dispersal trade-off and several other multi-species interactions linking the community and the landscape level. For pitcher plant metacommunities, it was shown ho ...
... [9] for pitcher plants and [10] for beetles). In butterfly associated metacommunities, van Nouhuys and Hanski [8] present the competition/dispersal trade-off and several other multi-species interactions linking the community and the landscape level. For pitcher plant metacommunities, it was shown ho ...
Big frogs in small ponds
... overharvesting of frogs for sale to restaurants, where their legs are considered a delicacy. ...
... overharvesting of frogs for sale to restaurants, where their legs are considered a delicacy. ...
Pairwise interactions between functional groups
... communities, we visually surveyed the arthropods living on B. oleracea plants growing unconstrained in the field. Plots of B. oleracea plants were established by transplanting 4-week-old seedlings (started in a greenhouse at 16:8 h photoperiod) into three plots at Washington State University’s Tukey ...
... communities, we visually surveyed the arthropods living on B. oleracea plants growing unconstrained in the field. Plots of B. oleracea plants were established by transplanting 4-week-old seedlings (started in a greenhouse at 16:8 h photoperiod) into three plots at Washington State University’s Tukey ...
Viewing invasive species removal in a whole
... many types. Excessive poisoning of non-target organisms and transfer of poisons up food chains6 are problems that can result from the removal method used7,8. Some eradication efforts fail because they do not eliminate the target organism, because they either miss individuals or do not include steps ...
... many types. Excessive poisoning of non-target organisms and transfer of poisons up food chains6 are problems that can result from the removal method used7,8. Some eradication efforts fail because they do not eliminate the target organism, because they either miss individuals or do not include steps ...
Habitat conservation
Habitat conservation is a land management practice that seeks to conserve, protect and restore habitat areas for wild plants and animals, especially conservation reliant species, and prevent their extinction, fragmentation or reduction in range. It is a priority of many groups that cannot be easily characterized in terms of any one ideology.