Doing Business in Costa Rica
... Costa Rica is between Panama and Nicaragua. With 51,100 km2, more than 4 million people, no army, volcanic mountain ranges and a sub-tropical climate, the country's beaches and beautiful scenery spell tourism. The ex-Spanish colony has been peaceful and stable since 1948. The culture and language ar ...
... Costa Rica is between Panama and Nicaragua. With 51,100 km2, more than 4 million people, no army, volcanic mountain ranges and a sub-tropical climate, the country's beaches and beautiful scenery spell tourism. The ex-Spanish colony has been peaceful and stable since 1948. The culture and language ar ...
The public budget balance -
... Iceland, given constant fiscal policy. It is likely, however, that our estimates are biased downward as data problems lead us to underestimate the sensitivity while countercyclical fiscal policy may lead to even more sensitive public finances. In the empirical analysis we also study how different ty ...
... Iceland, given constant fiscal policy. It is likely, however, that our estimates are biased downward as data problems lead us to underestimate the sensitivity while countercyclical fiscal policy may lead to even more sensitive public finances. In the empirical analysis we also study how different ty ...
public - Europa.eu
... Once a Member State is subject to an Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP) – the corrective arm of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) – the Commission regularly assesses whether it is acting in compliance with the Council recommendation under Article 126(7) TFEU or notice under Article 126(9). 1 That i ...
... Once a Member State is subject to an Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP) – the corrective arm of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) – the Commission regularly assesses whether it is acting in compliance with the Council recommendation under Article 126(7) TFEU or notice under Article 126(9). 1 That i ...
Why Are There MNEs?
... Seen in this light, a necessary condition for a firm to become an MNE is that it has some compensating advantages over local firms. The standard framework that business economists use to explain these advantages relates to advantages of ownership, location, and internalization (OLI), as set out by D ...
... Seen in this light, a necessary condition for a firm to become an MNE is that it has some compensating advantages over local firms. The standard framework that business economists use to explain these advantages relates to advantages of ownership, location, and internalization (OLI), as set out by D ...
Stealth-trading: Which traders` trades move stock prices?
... likely, the limit order could be matched with a market order that has been stopped, or the limit order appears the second after the market order and the price of the limit order improves upon the existing quote. But it is debatable if these transactions can be classified as being initiated by a limit ...
... likely, the limit order could be matched with a market order that has been stopped, or the limit order appears the second after the market order and the price of the limit order improves upon the existing quote. But it is debatable if these transactions can be classified as being initiated by a limit ...
** Complementary Credit Networks and Macro-Economic Stability * * uses data from a Swiss barter network to argue that large scale internet barter helps to stabilize the business cycle. My paper was recently invited for a 2nd presentation to the Central Bank of Brazil, and is in the
... posted online and in publications like WIR-Plus. Prices are quoted in units of WIR-credit, which for ease of comparison are denominated in – but not redeemable for – Swiss Francs (SFr). The WIR-Bank keeps accounts for each household or firm in terms of its WIR credits or debits. From the individual’ ...
... posted online and in publications like WIR-Plus. Prices are quoted in units of WIR-credit, which for ease of comparison are denominated in – but not redeemable for – Swiss Francs (SFr). The WIR-Bank keeps accounts for each household or firm in terms of its WIR credits or debits. From the individual’ ...
Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading System
... Simulation model (with real trade data) where one region, ROW, does not get into a ‘trade war’= set tariff that maximizes your bloc’s income taking the other blocs tariffs as given. …only illustrative since tariffs are GATT-bound but still it is a proxy for what ‘insurance’ from being in a bloc migh ...
... Simulation model (with real trade data) where one region, ROW, does not get into a ‘trade war’= set tariff that maximizes your bloc’s income taking the other blocs tariffs as given. …only illustrative since tariffs are GATT-bound but still it is a proxy for what ‘insurance’ from being in a bloc migh ...
What is the effect of trade openness on wages? 2004/18
... indicators or other attendant policies that influence them is generally not addressed1. The indicators used here measure realised openness, which is a result of complex processes that include policies as only one element. Unless explicitly stated our concern in this paper is not with the issue of wh ...
... indicators or other attendant policies that influence them is generally not addressed1. The indicators used here measure realised openness, which is a result of complex processes that include policies as only one element. Unless explicitly stated our concern in this paper is not with the issue of wh ...
PDF
... Agricultural prices have been falling between the early 1900s until recently (2006) in different countries while, over the same period, there is a trend towards higher concentration in the agrifood industry with an increase in average productivity (Cotterill 1999; Gardner, 1992; Ollinger et al., 200 ...
... Agricultural prices have been falling between the early 1900s until recently (2006) in different countries while, over the same period, there is a trend towards higher concentration in the agrifood industry with an increase in average productivity (Cotterill 1999; Gardner, 1992; Ollinger et al., 200 ...
DOES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DECREASE CORRUPTION?
... relationship” whereby public officials can collect bribes before and after the investment is actually undertaken since different discretionary public decisions –from sectoral regulation to infrastructure provision– have a direct impact on project profitability. Foreign direct investment is particula ...
... relationship” whereby public officials can collect bribes before and after the investment is actually undertaken since different discretionary public decisions –from sectoral regulation to infrastructure provision– have a direct impact on project profitability. Foreign direct investment is particula ...
An Advanced Guide to Trade Policy Analysis: The Structural Gravity
... of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development or the World ...
... of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development or the World ...
United States Raisin Export Market Trends in the United Kingdom
... meaning they pay extra to enter a contract for a certain exchange rate, even though exchange rate contracts cannot hedge for more than a month into the future according to professor Slezak. This is important to this project because this means that exchange rates will not have a direct effect betwee ...
... meaning they pay extra to enter a contract for a certain exchange rate, even though exchange rate contracts cannot hedge for more than a month into the future according to professor Slezak. This is important to this project because this means that exchange rates will not have a direct effect betwee ...
Article NAFTA: Testing Ricardo`s Theory of Comparative Advantage
... Ricardo’s theory has some obvious limitations. For example, the world is composed of many nations, making many products; so ascertaining what each is relatively most efficient in producing is problematic. Add to this currency differences and one begins to see how difficult it is to evaluate Ricardo’ ...
... Ricardo’s theory has some obvious limitations. For example, the world is composed of many nations, making many products; so ascertaining what each is relatively most efficient in producing is problematic. Add to this currency differences and one begins to see how difficult it is to evaluate Ricardo’ ...
Investment frictions and the relative price of investment goods in an
... are the individual’s holdings of domestic and foreign nominal risk-less bonds denominated in the local currency. it is the Home country nominal interest rate and it is the Foreign country nominal interest rate. St is the nominal exchange rate expressed as units of domestic currency needed to buy one ...
... are the individual’s holdings of domestic and foreign nominal risk-less bonds denominated in the local currency. it is the Home country nominal interest rate and it is the Foreign country nominal interest rate. St is the nominal exchange rate expressed as units of domestic currency needed to buy one ...
by Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
... Trade of South Africa with the rest of the world has changed substantially since the mid-1990s. The United States (US), which used to be the main trading partner of South Africa, is now only the third largest trading partner of the country. South African trade with Germany, Japan and the United King ...
... Trade of South Africa with the rest of the world has changed substantially since the mid-1990s. The United States (US), which used to be the main trading partner of South Africa, is now only the third largest trading partner of the country. South African trade with Germany, Japan and the United King ...
ge11 Keuschnigg 15050841 en
... Rajan and Zingales (1998). This paper sheds light on the mechanisms determining (endogenous) nance constraints in the presence of rms’ discrete R&D decisions and their consequences for tangible investment, comparative advantage, and trade. We assume that nance constraints root in a moral hazard p ...
... Rajan and Zingales (1998). This paper sheds light on the mechanisms determining (endogenous) nance constraints in the presence of rms’ discrete R&D decisions and their consequences for tangible investment, comparative advantage, and trade. We assume that nance constraints root in a moral hazard p ...
Battle for Globalisations? - Observer Research Foundation
... Zealand and South Korea. The 16 member countries contribute to about onethird of global Gross National Product (GDP) and make up almost half of the world's population. It is regarded as a China-centric trade agreement, in contrast to TPP that was concluded in October 2015 between the US and 11 Pacif ...
... Zealand and South Korea. The 16 member countries contribute to about onethird of global Gross National Product (GDP) and make up almost half of the world's population. It is regarded as a China-centric trade agreement, in contrast to TPP that was concluded in October 2015 between the US and 11 Pacif ...
Paper 2 (sorted by syllabus section)
... Explain why a country coming out of a recession might experience a balance of payments deficit. [M 97, 5] ...
... Explain why a country coming out of a recession might experience a balance of payments deficit. [M 97, 5] ...
Production Fragmentation and the Environment
... East Asia refers to major countries in northeast Asia, namely, China, Japan, and South Korea, and major ASEAN countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Environmental quality refers to ‘Properties and characteristics of the environment, either generalized or ...
... East Asia refers to major countries in northeast Asia, namely, China, Japan, and South Korea, and major ASEAN countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Environmental quality refers to ‘Properties and characteristics of the environment, either generalized or ...
Fiscal Policy Reaction in the Short Term for Assessing Fiscal
... Fiscal sustainability has been thoroughly studied in the literature of the last two decades. According to Agnello and Sousa (2009), unsustainable fiscal policy could harm the welfare state through large fiscal deficits and excessive public debt stocks, generating an inefficient allocation of resourc ...
... Fiscal sustainability has been thoroughly studied in the literature of the last two decades. According to Agnello and Sousa (2009), unsustainable fiscal policy could harm the welfare state through large fiscal deficits and excessive public debt stocks, generating an inefficient allocation of resourc ...
The distance puzzle: on the interpretation of the distance coefficient
... where lower cases denote deviations from the logged mean. The constant b0 is calculated as b0 ¼ ȳi;j b1 gdpj b2 disti;j , where upper bar variables denote the logged mean. Now, let the parameter k decline over time such that DC low in t = 1 is only a fraction of the DC high in t = 0. Thus, geog ...
... where lower cases denote deviations from the logged mean. The constant b0 is calculated as b0 ¼ ȳi;j b1 gdpj b2 disti;j , where upper bar variables denote the logged mean. Now, let the parameter k decline over time such that DC low in t = 1 is only a fraction of the DC high in t = 0. Thus, geog ...
Balance of trade
The commercial balance or net exports (sometimes symbolized as NX), is the difference between the monetary value of exports and imports of output in an economy over a certain period, measured in the currency of that economy. It is the relationship between a nation's imports and exports. A positive balance is known as a trade surplus if it consists of exporting more than is imported; a negative balance is referred to as a trade deficit or, informally, a trade gap. The balance of trade is sometimes divided into a goods and a services balance.