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Exam Review
Exam Review

... Petroleum is a complex mixture of hundreds of thousands of compounds. Some of these compounds boil at temperatures as low as 20ºC. The least volatile compounds of crude oil, boil at temperatures above 400ºC. The differences in boiling points of the compounds making up petroleum enable the separation ...
Macrocyclic Carbohydrate/Amino Acid Hybrid Molecules
Macrocyclic Carbohydrate/Amino Acid Hybrid Molecules

... membranes, and mediate cell adhesion in tissue formation. Proteins also have many other functions and it would be difficult to find a process in a living cell where proteins are not involved. In many of these processes, proteins need to bind to other molecules in binding sites on their surfaces. In ...
Organization and Synthesis of DNA
Organization and Synthesis of DNA

... Cross-shaped structures arise from palindromic structures, including interrupted palindromes like this example These are less stable than regular duplexes but they are common, and they do create recognition sites for DNA-binding proteins, including restriction enzymes ...
H +
H +

... by burning fuels in many small steps ATP ...
Events of The Krebs Cycle
Events of The Krebs Cycle

... When hydrogen loses electrons in the ETS, this is called oxidation. When Oxygen accepts those electrons, it is called reduction. When ATP synthase adds phosphate to ADP when it passes hydrogen ions to reduced oxygen, this process is called oxidative phosphorylation. The addition of hydrogen ions to ...
Multiple Sequence Motifs in the Rubisco Small
Multiple Sequence Motifs in the Rubisco Small

... motifs required for protein import into chloroplasts (Lee et al., 2006). Here, in a similar approach, we identified sequence motifs in the E1a-tp critical for protein import into chloroplasts. Serial Ala scanning mutants, E1a[T2A], E1a[T3A], E1a[T4A], E1a[T5A], and E1a[T6A], were generated by replac ...
Revised_for_DT_final-1 - Pure
Revised_for_DT_final-1 - Pure

... which are commercially available.25, 26 They have been utilized in metal-catalyzed C-F bond formation reactions, which are believed to proceed either by oxidative fluorination of palladium27-29 or silver30 to form a high-oxidation-state metalfluoride complex,31 followed by C-F reductive elimination, ...
(PhCECPh) (2) - ACS Publications
(PhCECPh) (2) - ACS Publications

... metal fragments to acetylene q*was calculated: 0.740 e (2), 0.584 e (3), and 0.803 e (4). The equilibrium conformation of the acetylene in the equatorial plane in 212and parallel to the trigonal-bipyramid axis in 313 is set by a seeking out of the optimal rll*-yz interaction, the classical back-dona ...
Two Arabidopsis Genes (IPMS1 and IPMS2
Two Arabidopsis Genes (IPMS1 and IPMS2

... no changes in Leu content; two insertion mutants for IPMS2 did not show any changes in soluble amino acid content. Apparently, in planta each gene can adequately compensate for the absence of the other, consistent with available microarray and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction data tha ...
Activation of Propane CH and CC Bonds by Gas-Phase Pt
Activation of Propane CH and CC Bonds by Gas-Phase Pt

... alkanes have been extensively explored by means of diverse experimental and theoretical methods [23–29]. It is reported that the transition metal Pt (neutral, cationic, or clusters) are the efficient C-H insertion agents [23–29]. However, as far as we know, although a few investigations of C-H inser ...
Lecture 9: Getting Quantitative About Solubility Our first lecture on
Lecture 9: Getting Quantitative About Solubility Our first lecture on

... assign some numbers to the concentration of material that dissolves. We will be using concepts from Lectures 5 and 6 in which the RICE expression was introduced. We will also see be introduced to strategies for simplifying the equilibrium problem-making approximations that reduce cubics and quartics ...
electron transport chain
electron transport chain

... with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
Complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome II.
Complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome II.

... All ...
Carbohydrate metabolism File
Carbohydrate metabolism File

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Formation of Benzoic Acid and
Formation of Benzoic Acid and

... For another set of experiments, membranes were purified by placing a homogenate of sonicated cells (in grinding medium containing sucrose3) on top of a linear sucrose density gradient ranging from 20 to 60% (w/w) sucrose (in 0.05 m phosphate buffer, pH 7.5). After centrifugation for 16 hours at 2500 ...
Organic Chemistry/Fourth Edition: e-Text
Organic Chemistry/Fourth Edition: e-Text

... Thus, glycine is characterized by two pKa values: the one corresponding to the more acidic site is designated pKa1, the one corresponding to the less acidic site is designated pKa2. Table 27.2 lists pKa1 and pKa2 values for the -amino acids that have neutral side chains, which are the first two gro ...
Evolution of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the
Evolution of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the

... the transfer of two-carbon units in the Calvin cycle and oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, 1-deoxyxylulose5-phosphate synthase, which transfers a C2 unit from pyruvate to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate in the ®rst step of plant isoprenoid biosynthesis [7], and pyruvate±ferredoxin oxidoreductase, an ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences

... the structure and function of biomolecules, the immune system provides a highly evolved natural process to generate one class of complex biomolecules – the antibodies. A combination of the two could be exploited to generate new classes of molecules with novel functions. Indeed, one example of this p ...
Absorption spectra of transition metal ions in glasses as functions of
Absorption spectra of transition metal ions in glasses as functions of

... The quality of this reproduction is d^iendait upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and in^oper alignment can adversefy a&ct reproduction. In the unlikely event that the auth ...
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... verified. Anhydrotretracycline (aTet, 50 ng/ml), Ampicillin (Amp, 100 µg/ml), Kanamycin (Kan, ...
Plasma Amino Acids
Plasma Amino Acids

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Photosynthesis in the Higher Plant, Vicia.faba
Photosynthesis in the Higher Plant, Vicia.faba

... course experiment described by Kent (16). Excised V. faba leaves were infiltrated with distilled, deionized water and illuminated in an atmosphere of 1 % 'C02-air for successive periods of 4, 8, 15, 22, and 35 min. The light intensity at the leaf surface was 0.02 langley/min. The temperature of the ...
Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Twelfth Edition
Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Twelfth Edition

... Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls  Organisms must produce some form of chlorophyll (or bacteriochlorophyll) to be photosynthetic  Chlorophyll is a porphyrin  They are part of the reaction center (participate directly in the conversion of light energy to ATP)  Number of different types of ch ...
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... Shuttles purpose to move e's from cytoplasmic NADH to mitochondrial NADH or FADH2 ...
Enzyme
Enzyme

... Introduction to enzyme engineering ...
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Metalloprotein



Metalloprotein is a generic term for a protein that contains a metal ion cofactor. A large number of all proteins are part of this category.
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