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rajiv gandhi university of health sciences
rajiv gandhi university of health sciences

... birth and from pregnancy related complications in India. The maternal mortality rate in India is 450 per 100,000 live births.1One of the most important responsibilities of care providers is to alert the pregnant women to signs and symptoms that indicate potential complications of pregnancy 2. A desc ...
GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS
GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

... Defined as carbohydrate intolerance that begins or is first recognized during pregnancy  Important because it impacts maternal health care both during and after pregnancy  Incidence varies, but most often reported as 5-7% of pregnant women; may be greater in some high-risk populations  Underlyin ...
Pharmacologic Implications for Special Patient Populations:
Pharmacologic Implications for Special Patient Populations:

... Asthma complicates approximately 4% of pregnancies  In some cases, asthma improves during pregnancy  Those with poorly controlled asthma are at risk for: ...
Decisions about the use of psychotropic medication during
Decisions about the use of psychotropic medication during

... peer researchers. They were supported by professional researchers to develop research questions and design the study. Research methods training was provided to the four peer researchers. Twelve women who had had a baby in the past 5 years and had taken antipsychotics or mood-stabilisers for severe m ...
Contrast Media Administration to Pregnant or Potentially Pregnant
Contrast Media Administration to Pregnant or Potentially Pregnant

... Studies regarding the use of contrast (iodinated and gadolinium-based) media in pregnancy are limited, however, human and primate studies have shown intravenous contrast media to readily cross the placenta, entering fetal circulation and subsequently the amniotic fluid. There is presently no data av ...
Notes Obs &Gynae  Aetiology Clinical
Notes Obs &Gynae Aetiology Clinical

... - Gastric acid secretion increased during the 1 trimester - Increased risk for gallstone formation Renal / Urological - Increased UTI risk, increased residual volume in bladder, ureters & kidneys - Increased renal GFR with glucosuria in 50% of pregnancies - Decreased baseline Urea and Creatinine (so ...
Primary- when a women has not yet started her monthly periods and
Primary- when a women has not yet started her monthly periods and

... on the first day of the menstrual cycle or any day during the cycle. But on any other day during the cycle a back up method should be used. If an active pill is missed and no intercourse has taken place in past 5 days, should take two pills immediately and a backup method should be used for 7 days. ...
Preconceptional Genetic Counseling Info
Preconceptional Genetic Counseling Info

... Genetic Counseling is a professional assessment of a patient’s risk factors regarding their family history and/or a current or future pregnancy. Many couples want to know what their chances are of having a healthy baby, once they become pregnant. Preconceptional genetic counseling is a way to identi ...
Clinical Translational Research Center  Approved by: Administrative Director and  TraCS Institute  Nursing Director 
Clinical Translational Research Center  Approved by: Administrative Director and  TraCS Institute  Nursing Director 

... Scope: This SOP applies to the procedures for urine pregnancy testing and documentation of  the findings at the CTRC.  Applicability: Female subjects participating in research studies performed on the CTRC are  frequently required to have pregnancy testing performed prior to study entry, performance ...
B2B OB review 2016 M Gomes
B2B OB review 2016 M Gomes

... •kick counts only if decreased movement ...
Obstetric Emergencies in the ICU By Julie J. Kelsey, Pharm.D.
Obstetric Emergencies in the ICU By Julie J. Kelsey, Pharm.D.

... primarily acts on uterine smooth muscle. It can cause severe hypertension and myocardial ischemia when given intravenously. It is standard of care to continue with oral therapy for at least 24–48 hours after the initial intramuscular dose. The prostaglandins carboprost (15-methyl prostaglandin F2α ...
ectopic pregnancy
ectopic pregnancy

... SOME PRACTICE GUIDELINES Despite advanced detection methods, ectopic pregnancy may be missed in 40% to 50% of patients on an initial visit.  Most women with ectopic pregnancy have no risk factors and the classic triad of a history of amenorrhea, abdominal pain, and irregular vaginal bleeding is ab ...
Acute hypertensive crisis
Acute hypertensive crisis

...  Perform standard clinical observations with particular note:  of blood pressure (with correct size cuff), take BP lying and standing and on both arms  conscious state (see Glasgow coma scale or AVPU)  urinalysis, capillary BGL, height and weight (if possible)  urine pregnancy test (with consen ...
POSTPATUM PSYCHIATRIC SYNDROMES
POSTPATUM PSYCHIATRIC SYNDROMES

... - few studies have assessed the efficacy of Ads in PP depression - standard dosage - patient’s prior response - SSRIs are ideal first-line agents - TCAs are frequently used - BZDs as an adjunctive ...
Гипертензивные состояния во время беременности
Гипертензивные состояния во время беременности

... Compensatory-adaptive reaction of the body to improve perfusion of the vital important organs and fetus. This is an adaptation, that leads to AH as a result of: - Generalized vasospasm, leading to increased peripherial vascular resistance and consequent reduction in perfusion of vital organs(brain, ...
Hepatitis on pregnancy
Hepatitis on pregnancy

... You may have to test four times a day: 1. In the morning before eating breakfast, referred to as the Fasting glucose level ...
6 skin disorders of pregnancy: A management
6 skin disorders of pregnancy: A management

... encephalopathy that is associated with cholestasis in the nonpregnant state, however.14 Pathophysiology. The genesis of this condition is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A family history of the disorder is present in one half of cases; cases with a familial componen ...


... d. undetectable 18. 18.A 24 year old gravida one patient at 14 weeks presents with an elevated free thyroxin (T4) level? What is the diagnosis? a. Hyperthyroidism b. Elevated free T4 is normal in pregnancy c. Cannot be determined without knowing the TSH level d. Cannot be determined without confirma ...
Twin and triplet pregnancy: healthy eating and nutrition
Twin and triplet pregnancy: healthy eating and nutrition

... Regular exercise is also important as long as your pregnancy is uncomplicated. Activities such as walking and swimming will maintain your fitness and make your pregnancy more enjoyable. Ask for a physiotherapy referral if you experience back or ligament pain. ...
Approach to Preconception Counseling and the Prenatal Care
Approach to Preconception Counseling and the Prenatal Care

... Alcohol Intake During Pregnancy While there is no appreciable risk with an occasional alcoholic drink during pregnancy, it is best to advise women not to drink at all throughout pregnancy, especially during the period of time around conception. If for some reason the woman must drink occasionally, i ...
Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy

... meds – Pulmonary edema ACOG 2002, 2013 ...
Vaginal bleeding in the early stages of pregnancy
Vaginal bleeding in the early stages of pregnancy

... would prove effective in assessing for IUP.3 Findings of a normally progressing IUP include a normal gestational sac consisting of a central blastocyst surrounded by a double ring of echogenic chorionic villi and decidua. Visualization of this structure and absence of a pseudogestational sac rules o ...
Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia

... Women with pre-eclampsia may have no symptoms. It is important to see your doctor regularly during pregnancy to detect problems early. In women with symptoms, pre-eclampsia may cause: ...
Methotrexate to Treat Ectopic Pregnancy
Methotrexate to Treat Ectopic Pregnancy

... To treat ectopic pregnancy, methotrexate is typically given as an injection (a shot) into a muscle. This often takes place in a hospital emergency room. In some cases, a second or third injection is necessary in the weeks after the first injection. ...
Diabetic Macular Edema Treatment Options in Pregnancy
Diabetic Macular Edema Treatment Options in Pregnancy

... The course of DME in pregnancy is poorly described. The question often debated is whether DME during pregnancy can be left untreated because it has a tendency to resolve after delivery. 5 A transient bout of DME usually does not cause permanent reduction of visual acuity, but patients with a history ...
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Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy



Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy are the normal adaptations that a woman undergoes during pregnancy to better accommodate the embryo or fetus. They are physiological changes, that is, they are entirely normal, and include cardiovascular, hematologic, metabolic, renal and respiratory changes that become very important in the event of complications. The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus is provided for. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required. Levels of progesterone and estrogens rise continually throughout pregnancy, suppressing the hypothalamic axis and subsequently the menstrual cycle. The woman and the placenta also produce many hormones.The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus grows properly and receives adequate nutrition. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required.
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