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PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS TO SUMMARIZE
PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS TO SUMMARIZE

... process (Spellman et al. 1998), predict regulatory elements (Brazma et al. 1998), and reverse engineer transcription networks (D’Haeseleer et al. 1999, Liang et al. 1998). The success of these efforts relies on the integrity of the expression data. Both experimental noise and hidden dependencies am ...
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... The purpose of the proposed trial is to develop and assess GM cotton varieties containing the vip3A gene (which confers insect resistance) in various combinations with other genes conferring insect resistance and herbicide tolerance already used in commercial GM cotton varieties in Australia. This w ...
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... broken and reformed per reaction cycle divides topoisomerases into two classes. Type I enzymes, which include TopoI and TopoIII (the odd-numbered topoisomerases), break one strand per cycle, and type II enzymes (even numbered), gyrase, eukaryotic TopoII, and E. coli TopoIV, break two strands simulta ...
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... There are no reports focusing on glycogen synthesis in Drosophila or other insects that take into account the recent advances made in yeast, nematodes, and vertebrates on this subject. The biosynthesis of glycogen in vertebrates and yeast involves an initiation phase requiring autocatalytic intramol ...
Hepatitis C virus infects about 3 % of world`s population. Progress in
Hepatitis C virus infects about 3 % of world`s population. Progress in

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Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition

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Genetics Test - dublin.k12.ca.us

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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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