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Supplementary Methods.
Supplementary Methods.

... humans and rodents can be used to further prioritize human-fish and ultra-conserved elements for functional activity under this experimental design. It is worth noting that a previous study9 also indicated that of 15 less conserved sequences tested in this assay, only one functioned as a development ...
Hydrolysis and Dehydration
Hydrolysis and Dehydration

... Biochemistry Dehydration and Hydrolysis Reactions ...
02-The Evolution of Culture
02-The Evolution of Culture

... leaping from body to body via sperms or eggs, so memes propagate themselves in the meme pool by leaping from brain to brain via ... imitation.” (Dawkins). How do memes “leap from brain to brain”? • Memes “compete … for space in our memories” (Blackmore, 1999) … and form ‘co-adapted memeplexes’ that ...
From essential to persistent genes
From essential to persistent genes

... a pathogen. These studies were carried out on libraries of microorganisms using transposons or antisense RNA expression [4], but the ‘minimal set’ outcomes differed widely in terms of gene number (and often identity), not only in distant organisms but also in the same organism under different (and s ...
The degenerate Y chromosome – can
The degenerate Y chromosome – can

... For instance, the UBE1 gene, which codes for a ubiquitinactivating enzyme, has a Y-borne as well as an X-borne copy in mice and marsupials, but not in human beings (Graves 2002). Conversely, the RPS4 gene, which codes for a ribosomal subunit, has copies on the X and Y chromosome in human beings, but ...
Lacroix_Insyght navigating amongst abundant - Migale
Lacroix_Insyght navigating amongst abundant - Migale

... simultaneously: Cinteny (34), i-ADHoRe (33) and OrthoClusterDB (35). Therefore, our approach to compute orthology relationships and syntenies is based on established methods; it focuses on pair wise comparisons and Insyght is designed to analyse multiple pairs in concert. As mentioned previously, In ...
Human and fly protein-coding genes contain more stop resistant
Human and fly protein-coding genes contain more stop resistant

... Human and fly protein-coding genes contain more stop resistant codons than random nucleotide sequences Francisco Prosdocimi1, J. Miguel Ortega1 ¹ Lab. Biodados, ICB-UFMG. It is well known that genetic code minimizes the effect of mutations and similar codons usually codify for the same amino acid, a ...
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Metabolism and Nuclear
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Metabolism and Nuclear

... microconidia were recovered by filtration and used as starting material for further studies. For some assays the whole fungal material pioduced after 3 days was used. Estimation of D N A . The isolation of a DNA-containing fraction from the fungal material was carried out by using a modified Schneid ...
Using Animal Models to Understand Aging
Using Animal Models to Understand Aging

... Sarah’s current research is using fruit flies to find a genetic explanation for the phenomenon of dietary  restriction. Scientists think that the different diets causes a change in gene expression which in turn alters  how the organism uses its resources: either for reproduction or survival.  The  f ...
CS 2427 - Algorithms in Molecular Biology Lecture #2: 13 January
CS 2427 - Algorithms in Molecular Biology Lecture #2: 13 January

Rabbit anti-Estrogen Receptor-β
Rabbit anti-Estrogen Receptor-β

... www.invitrogen.com). By use of these products you accept the terms and conditions of all applicable Limited Use Label Licenses. Unless otherwise indicated, these products are for research use only and are not intended for human or animal diagnostic, therapeutic or commercial use. ...
Foundations of Biology - Geoscience Research Institute
Foundations of Biology - Geoscience Research Institute

... 5’AGUC-AUG-ACU-UGU-GGU-AGU-UGA-CUAGAAA3’ ...
Supplemental Methods
Supplemental Methods

Cytoplasmic N-terminal protein acetylation is required for efficient
Cytoplasmic N-terminal protein acetylation is required for efficient

... those of wild-type plants (data not shown). Furthermore, in the progeny of all transformants, the wild-type phenotype cosegregated with the transgene. Database searches of the completely sequenced Arabidopsis genome revealed that At2g38130 is a single-copy gene. The predicted coding region is entire ...
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 8

... encoded in the 3’ portion of the genome serves (1) attached to the 5’ end of the viral DNA during replication; (2) serves as a helicase during replication and DNA packaging; (3) serves as a site-specific nickase; (4) mediates arrest of the cell in the ...
Editorial
Editorial

... instance, numerous studies have shown that the specific gain of chromosome 7 occurs in colonic polyps before mutational inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene p53. Similarly, in assumingly premalignant lesions of the oral mucosa, i.e. erythro- and leukoplakias, cases of aneuploidy were shown to h ...
Analysis of Time-Series Gene Expression Data : Methods
Analysis of Time-Series Gene Expression Data : Methods

Characterization of Complementary DNA Encoding the Precursor for
Characterization of Complementary DNA Encoding the Precursor for

... assure that the isolated cichlid cDNA did not represent a cloning artifact in this region, three independent oligo(dT)-primed reverse transcription reactions were performed using the same mRNA from which the original cDNA library was constructed. Two independent aliquots from each of these reactions ...
CLARK LAP Wednesday March 26 2014 STRAWBERRY DNA
CLARK LAP Wednesday March 26 2014 STRAWBERRY DNA

... through the cheesecloth and into the tall glass until there is very little liquid left in the funnel (only wet pulp remains). How does the filtered strawberry liquid look? • Pour the filtered strawberry liquid from the tall glass into the small glass jar so that the jar is one quarter full. • Measur ...
Proteins, Enzymes, Nucleic Acids Proteins What are the buildi
Proteins, Enzymes, Nucleic Acids Proteins What are the buildi

... need to be done. Lactose is a molecule broken down by the enzyme lactase. People who are lactose intolerant do not have significant amounts of lactase, so lactose is broken down by bacterial colonies that causes gastrointestinal distress. One way of treating this is to use lactase on milk before bot ...
Transformation Lab - Blue Valley Schools
Transformation Lab - Blue Valley Schools

... green color under ultraviolet light. In this activity, you will learn about the process of moving genes from one organism to another with the aid of a plasmid. In addition to one large chromosome, bacteria naturally contain one or more small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. Plasmid DNA usuall ...
Primary Sequence of Ovomucoid Messenger RNA as Determined
Primary Sequence of Ovomucoid Messenger RNA as Determined

... was labeled and sequenced. Broken lines indicate portions of the sequence that were not read in a particular experiment (usually 80cm long gels were used to obtain specific regions of the sequence remote from the labeling site . FIGURE ...
Hereditary Overexpression of Adenosine
Hereditary Overexpression of Adenosine

... DNA was prepared with Qiagen columns (Chatsworth, CA), followed by centrifugation to remove resin and phenolkhloroform extractions of the supernatant. Forty micrograms of DNA in 100 pL of phosphate-buffered saline was added to the cells in constant molar amounts. Electroporation was performed using ...
PowerPoint Presentation - AGRI-MIS
PowerPoint Presentation - AGRI-MIS

... Tumor-inducing plasmid Ti plasmid Transferred DNA T-DNA genes involved in synthesis of amino acid derivatives tumor formation ...
Genomics – the future of healthcare and medicine
Genomics – the future of healthcare and medicine

... enable patients to learn their genetic risks for disease and also help healthcare professionals to diagnose disease • At least 350 biotechnology-based products resulting from the Human Genome Project are currently in clinical trials • Much work still remains to be done. Despite many important gene ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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