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Slide 1
Slide 1

... (Saiki et al., 1985) ; (Mullis and Faloona. 1987). PCR uses a thermostable DNA polymerase to produce a 2 fold amplification of target genetic material with each temperature cycle. The PCR uses two oligonucleotide primer that are complementary to nucleic acid sequences flanking the target area , it h ...
Chapter 8 The World of Microbes
Chapter 8 The World of Microbes

... Biologists group bacteria into one of two Sub-Kingdoms: ¾ Archaebacteria – or “old bacteria” normally live in anaerobic conditions, high salt/temperature/acidity (idea being that these were the conditions of early Earth) ¾ Eubacteria – or “true bacteria”…essentially everything else. However, becaus ...
Extranuclear Inheritance
Extranuclear Inheritance

... Location of photosynthesis in plant cells Haploid (one copy in each individual) Maternally inherited in some groups and paternally inherited in others (pine trees) ...
errors_exceptions teacher notes
errors_exceptions teacher notes

... a. Nondisjunction—means “not coming apart”; most common when homologous chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis b. Consequence of nondisjunction: one gamete gets 2 of same type of chromosome & another gets no copy c. Offspring from fertilization of normal gamete with one produced by nondisjunction w ...
Crossing over - JeongAPbiology
Crossing over - JeongAPbiology

... *** for females, only one egg is made the other 3 cells are called polar bodies which serve to give the egg cell energy as it stays in body for about 28 days ...
Slides
Slides

... expressed in cells under a given set of experimental conditions, yielding clues as to which proteins are involved in certain pathways and disease states. However, differences in the half-lives of RNA and proteins, as well as post-translational modifications important to protein function prevent mRNA ...
Physicochemical studies on interactions between DNA and RNA
Physicochemical studies on interactions between DNA and RNA

... results on the unwinding of the DNA helix by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. As measured by the difference in the average linking numbers of doublestranded phage fd DNA samples covalently closed in the presence and absence of E. coli RNA polymerase, the binding of a holoenzyme at 37°C in a dilute b ...
Nitrogen is the stuff of life. Ironically the prefix azo
Nitrogen is the stuff of life. Ironically the prefix azo

... The protein at right is the biological machinery for fixing nitrogen from air. ...
Sigma Factors & the Hrp
Sigma Factors & the Hrp

... working version of an enzyme  cf. apoenzyme - missing specific cofactors that allow it to perform its job ...
Communicating Science
Communicating Science

... presents with progressive arm and leg pain that that begins in early adulthood and leads to difficulty walking and manipulating objects. The mutation in the FIG4 gene leads to a deficiency of a signaling phosphatase enzyme that is important in maintaining neurological connections in specific regions ...
Microbes R the Biosphere? - Georgia Institute of Technology
Microbes R the Biosphere? - Georgia Institute of Technology

... Would you get your genome sequenced? • What would motivate you to get your genome sequenced? • What would you want to know about your genome? • What information, if any, would you want withheld? • Who would you share the information with? ...
Chapter 17 (Oct 23, 27, 28)
Chapter 17 (Oct 23, 27, 28)

... Figure 5.20 Primary structure of a protein • Based on amino acid sequence • Each protein has a unique sequence • Like the alphabet (letters = aa) – Order is important for proper function ...
Hereditary Cancer Predisposition
Hereditary Cancer Predisposition

... (normal) or disease causing Follow based on family history More info may become available ...
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slides

... •  Idea:  Given  a  map  of  gene
Identification of Transcription Factor Binding Sites
Identification of Transcription Factor Binding Sites

... Saeed Tavazoie, Jason D. Hughes, Michael J. Campbell, Raymond J. Cho, George M. Church ...
Educational Items Section Apparently balanced structural chromosome rearrangements (ABSCRs) and abnormal phenotype
Educational Items Section Apparently balanced structural chromosome rearrangements (ABSCRs) and abnormal phenotype

Chapter 6: Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction
Chapter 6: Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction

... Genes play important role in determining how an organism’s body develops and functions When genes are being used, the DNA is stretched out so that its information can be used to direct protein production ...
Supplementary Information (doc 1117K)
Supplementary Information (doc 1117K)

... Essential role for the dimerization domain of NuMA-RARalpha in its oncogenic activities and localization to NuMA sites within the nucleus. Oncogene 22, 858-868. Falini, B., Nicoletti, I., Bolli, N., Martelli, M. P., Liso, A., Gorello, P., Mandelli, F., Mecucci, C., and Martelli, M. F. (2007). Transl ...
Meiosis - Northern Highlands
Meiosis - Northern Highlands

... - makes two daughter cells, but sister chromatids are still attached MEIOSIS I: Homologous chromosomes separate ...
Biotechnology in Animal Science
Biotechnology in Animal Science

... that has had its nucleus removed, thus the term nuclear transfer Plugs with three or four embryos are placed in oviducts of sheep for five to six days to develop to the 32 to 64- cell stage. Embryos are removed and placed into surrogate mothers, frozen for long term storage or used to produce anothe ...
ArrayExpress and Expression Atlas
ArrayExpress and Expression Atlas

... ArrayExpress – two databases ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY

... • Ribosome must recognize protein synthesis start • In prokaryotes, the 30S ribosome binds to a region of the mRNA (Shine-Dalgarno sequence) upstream of the initiation sequence • S-D sequence also binds to a complementary base sequence at the 3’ end of the 16S rRNA • Double-stranded RNA structure bi ...
RNA - Southgate Schools
RNA - Southgate Schools

... • Because there are four different bases, there are 64 possible, three-base codons ...
Pigeon Genetics Worksheet (Answer)
Pigeon Genetics Worksheet (Answer)

... Wing Pattern Wing pattern is determined by four alleles that follow a hierarchy of dominance. ...
Genetics
Genetics

... • He observed a large number of wild-type (gray-normal) and double-mutant (blackvestigial) just like the parents. • Fewer recombinations than expected!!!!! ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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