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BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGY

...  Restriction enzymes are named according to the bacteria from which they originate.  BamHI is from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, strain H. The I indicates it was the first endonuclease isolated from that strain. EcoRI - from Escherichia coli BamHI - from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HindIII - from Hae ...
Gene targeting in filamentous fungi: the benefits of impaired repair
Gene targeting in filamentous fungi: the benefits of impaired repair

... Court et al. 2002). Moreover, targeting efficiencies as observed in S. cerevisiae, where homology arms shorter than 100 bp still yield high targeting efficiencies close to 100 %, are not even achieved with these cassettes; accordingly, a large fraction of transformants needs to be screened for the d ...
Science Media Centre Fact Sheet Genome editing
Science Media Centre Fact Sheet Genome editing

... This is a fact sheet issued by the Science Media Centre to provide background information on science topics relevant to breaking news stories. This is not intended as the 'last word' on a subject, but rather a summary of the basics and a pointer towards sources of more detailed information. These ca ...
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Test Info Sheet

... In patients with MSUD, 45% have mutations in the BCKDHA gene, 35% have mutations in the BCKDHB gene and 20% have mutations in the DBT gene.15 Missense, nonsense and small deletion mutations have been reported in all three genes. Splicing mutations have been reported in BCKDHB and DBT, small insertio ...
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... nucleotides instead of the two strands found in DNA 2. RNA nucleotides contain the fivecarbon sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose, which is found in DNA nucleotides 3. In addition to the A, G, and C nitrogen bases found in DNA, RNA nucleotides can have a nitrogen base called uracil (U) ...
Medical Genomics Promise, peril and price
Medical Genomics Promise, peril and price

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Ecology Topics to Know

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Recostructing the Evolutionary History of Complex Human Gene

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142KB - NZQA
142KB - NZQA

... an amino acid not being coded for in the final protein, so the reading frame is correct but moved and the final protein is still made. / The amino acid is absent from the final protein because three bases have been deleted on the DNA sequence; therefore it is copied incorrectly to mRNA. tRNA that ma ...
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... Proteins are complex molecules which control most aspects of cell biology. Constructed of small subunits called amino acids. There are 20 types of amino acid. Assembeled by ‘reading’ (or translating) the DNA sequence. Every set of 3 bases (e.g. ATG) corresponds to an amino acid. So a protein is buil ...
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103KB - NZQA
103KB - NZQA

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Targeted Fluorescent Reporters: Additional slides

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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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