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Gene Section
Gene Section

... t(17;22)(q22;q13.1) ( Fig A) or, more often, supernumerary ring chromosomes derived from t(17;22) (B). As shown by FISH analysis, the ring chromosomes contain chromosome 22 centromere and low-level amplification of 22cen-q13.1 and 17q22-qter sequences. To note, in most cases, the derivative chromoso ...
The Connectivity Map: using gene-expression signatures
The Connectivity Map: using gene-expression signatures

... each of the datasets contains a disease and control experiment. We carry out Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) (Tusher et al., 2001) on every control-disease pairing to generate a list of upregulated and downregulated genes for each disease state. Using a 0.05 significance cutoff on the q-v ...
APC/β – CATENIN PATHWAY
APC/β – CATENIN PATHWAY

... activating DNA-repair pathways, leading to the random association of double-stranded ends and the formation, again, of dicentric chromosomes Genomic instability from the repeated “bridge-fusionbreakage cycles” eventually produces mitotic catastrophe, characterized by massive cell death. For tumors t ...
Bio 102 Practice Problems
Bio 102 Practice Problems

... 9. The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein is a chloride (Cl-) facilitated transporter made up of 1480 amino acids and whose gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 7. In healthy humans, the protein is found in the plasma membranes of the cells that line the lun ...
Chapter-12 PTT
Chapter-12 PTT

... Molecular biologists have perfected DNA fingerprinting so that it is possible to use the technique to provide evidence to solve crimes and even identify a child's parents. Recently, a U.S. immigrant asked the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services for permission to have her young daughter who was ...
CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 11

... pregnancy can help identify fetuses at risk for certain birth defects.  Fetal imaging, the most common procedure is ultrasound imaging, uses sound waves to produce a picture of the fetus.  Newborn screening can detect diseases that can be prevented by special care and precautions. ...
Gene Section MAPK4 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 4) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section MAPK4 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 4) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... protein (MAP) kinase family of serine/threonine kinases. The human ERK4 protein is made of 587 amino acids and contains a typical kinase domain located at the N-terminal extremity. Another region with homology to the MAP kinase ERK3 (C34 domain) has been identified after the kinase domain. The funct ...
Exam 2
Exam 2

... Why are methionine and tryptophan desired in a peptide sequence that is reverse-translated to design DNA probes from amino acid sequences? A) Each has only one possible codon sequence. D) All of the above. B) Met is the first amino acid in the protein. E) None of the above. C) Both are used often in ...
Educational Items Section Immunoglobulin Genes Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Educational Items Section Immunoglobulin Genes Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... immunoglobulins were discovered, a number of questions arose: A The antigens are highly varied; to be able to respond to them, the immunoglobulins must be equally diverse (there are 1011 to 1012 different Igs!), which corresponds to the diversity of the amino acids of the N-terminal parts of the L a ...
Immunoreactive trypsinogen based newborn screening for Cystic
Immunoreactive trypsinogen based newborn screening for Cystic

... sample is required to perform the assay. Step 1 - Multiplex PCR Reaction will make multiple copies of multiple DNA targets within the CFTR gene. Step 2 - Amplicon Treatment Enzymatic treatment of amplified PCR products cleaves unused reagents (primers and dNTPs) left over after PCR. Step 3 - Allele- ...
Mahoney Abstract for Pathway to Independence Grant
Mahoney Abstract for Pathway to Independence Grant

RNA and Central Dogma
RNA and Central Dogma

Gene Prediction Techniques - Computational Biology of RNA
Gene Prediction Techniques - Computational Biology of RNA

... The finding of protein-coding genes on a genome sequence is a complex task. Within millions of non-coding nucleotides, very short stretches of DNA which actually code for a protein (coding exons) lie scattered. This tiny coding fraction, can be unveiled making use of the biological properties and th ...
Fig. 8.1. Amino acid structure
Fig. 8.1. Amino acid structure

... interactions between amino acids folding to give 3-D structure domains ...
Protein Synthesis in a Eukaryotic Cell.
Protein Synthesis in a Eukaryotic Cell.

... acid in a protein chain Translation – the process of reading an mRNA nucleotide code and converting it into a sequence of amino acids tRNA – a type of ribonucleic acid (RNA) that shuttles amino acids into the ribosome for protein synthesis Peptidyl transferase – an enzyme found in the ribosome that ...
Chapter 4 Heredity and Evolution
Chapter 4 Heredity and Evolution

... All cells contain mitochondria that convert energy into a form that can be used by the cell. Each mitochondrion contains several copies of a ring-shaped DNA molecule, or chromosome. Animals of both sexes inherit their mtDNA, and all mitochondrial traits, from their mothers. All the variation in mtDN ...
due to defective DNA repair
due to defective DNA repair

... Lamin A, B & C: intermediate filament proteins stabilize the nuclear envelope Laminopathies are genetic diseases manifested as either: I. Dystrophy of skeletal and/or heart muscles, caused by mutations affecting Lamin A/B or proteins attaching lamins to the nuclear envelope ...
AP Biology Review for Chapter 15 – Questions 15.1 1. Cytology and
AP Biology Review for Chapter 15 – Questions 15.1 1. Cytology and

Different geographic origins of Hb Constant Spring [α2 codon 142
Different geographic origins of Hb Constant Spring [α2 codon 142

... α1 globin gene and the 4.0kb HinfI fragment from pα3'HVR .64 containing the 3'HVR.6 DNA of the α1 and α2-globin genes was selectively amplified using a forced water circulation thermocycler. To detect point mutations in the α-globin genes the α-gene specific amplified fragments were subjected to sin ...
Chapter 9 Answers to Even Numbered Study Questions
Chapter 9 Answers to Even Numbered Study Questions

... If the variable interdivision times of different cells in a pure culture were heritable, then the average generation time would become progressively shorter. This is because the cells with shorter interdivision times would divide more rapidly, as would their progeny, and they would thus become incre ...
Biochemistry 6: Model Organisms
Biochemistry 6: Model Organisms

... Phenotype for a particular trait is under the control of maternal gene products (mRNA, proteins) present in the egg. This is in contrast to biparental inheritance, where both parents transmit information to the offspring (more later …). ...
Supplementary Information
Supplementary Information

... AtEm1 locus (GenBank accession no. AF049236). We then searched for possible deletion by PCR in the 15 predicted ORFs (open reading frame) in this region, and found a 50 base-pair deletion affecting the second ORF (At3g51770) in two X-ray generated alleles, eto1-2 and eto1-3. Further sequencing and P ...
Unit 1 Topic 5 - Holy Cross Collegiate
Unit 1 Topic 5 - Holy Cross Collegiate

... ways can you divide these marbles in two groups so that you have all three colours of marbles in each group? Every different combination is a form of variation — much like different combinations of chromosomes. ...
lfs internet
lfs internet

... suppressor genes that contribute to carcinogenesis can cause either abnormally low levels of protein or no functional protein (under-expression) at all. A mutation like this could allow a damaged or rogue cell to divide when it shouldn’t. Genome-maintenance genes can also play a role in cancer and t ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Applied and Environmental Microbiology

... BpHNL, PsmHNL-long, and PsmHNL-short cloned into the pEamTA vector were overexpressed in Escherichia coli TOP10F= by induction with 0.1 mM isopropyl-␤-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) at an optical density (OD) at 600 nm of 0.8 for 20 h at 21°C. Following cell disruption and centrifugation, SDSpolyac ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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