Fluorocarbons And The greenhouse Effect
... According to IPCC hypotheses, the share of direct responsibility of CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs in global warming (all applications included) will decline gradually up till the year 2100, from 10.2% of total radiative forcing today to 3.7% in 2100 (including 2.7% for HFCs). However, projections of HFC dema ...
... According to IPCC hypotheses, the share of direct responsibility of CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs in global warming (all applications included) will decline gradually up till the year 2100, from 10.2% of total radiative forcing today to 3.7% in 2100 (including 2.7% for HFCs). However, projections of HFC dema ...
New Zealand Farming and Climate Change
... Even when it is brought into the ETS, the sector will be subsidised by the taxpayer to the tune of 90 per cent of its emissions (due to the amount of free permit allocations given to it by the Government). Under the Kyoto Protocol, New Zealand must buy credits to cover any increase in emissions over ...
... Even when it is brought into the ETS, the sector will be subsidised by the taxpayer to the tune of 90 per cent of its emissions (due to the amount of free permit allocations given to it by the Government). Under the Kyoto Protocol, New Zealand must buy credits to cover any increase in emissions over ...
Carbon Emission Accounting – Balancing the books for the UK
... Utilizing the consumer accounting method will highlight the relationship between higher GHG emissions and economic growth and consumer affluence, enabling industrialised countries to obtain a fuller picture of their contribution to progress towards global emissions reduction than can be provided usi ...
... Utilizing the consumer accounting method will highlight the relationship between higher GHG emissions and economic growth and consumer affluence, enabling industrialised countries to obtain a fuller picture of their contribution to progress towards global emissions reduction than can be provided usi ...
Beyond Kyoto: A tax-based system for the global reduction of
... fears about impacts on economic growth and would also help address the equity issue. In addition, a proportion of the tax revenue raised in developed countries would go into a general development fund to be used by developing countries for any development purpose (not constrained to projects which w ...
... fears about impacts on economic growth and would also help address the equity issue. In addition, a proportion of the tax revenue raised in developed countries would go into a general development fund to be used by developing countries for any development purpose (not constrained to projects which w ...
Background Guide Future Crisis Committee
... INTRODUCTION The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit , Rio Summit, Rio Conference, and Earth Summit, was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. In 2012, the United Nations Conference ...
... INTRODUCTION The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit , Rio Summit, Rio Conference, and Earth Summit, was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. In 2012, the United Nations Conference ...
PDF
... Future actions of this region are a large unknown in figuring future climate. The former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries were notoriously inefficient users of fossil fuels, using far greater quantities per unit of GNP than the industrialized countries. In the short term, the economic dec ...
... Future actions of this region are a large unknown in figuring future climate. The former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries were notoriously inefficient users of fossil fuels, using far greater quantities per unit of GNP than the industrialized countries. In the short term, the economic dec ...
2nd Seminar on Practical Measures to Manage Aviation Emissions
... Experts made presentations on a range of practical measures covering technological, operational and economic measures in five sessions:1. Establishing the basics for managing emissions 2. ATM and operational efficiencies 3. Climate change mitigation measures at airports 4. Role of economic measure ...
... Experts made presentations on a range of practical measures covering technological, operational and economic measures in five sessions:1. Establishing the basics for managing emissions 2. ATM and operational efficiencies 3. Climate change mitigation measures at airports 4. Role of economic measure ...
What Next for the Alliance of Small Island States in the Climate
... Additionally, the Kyoto Protocol and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change represented lightning rods of participation and cooperation among SIS to encourage the reduction of greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions.9 As a result, participation in these meetings represented a positive in ...
... Additionally, the Kyoto Protocol and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change represented lightning rods of participation and cooperation among SIS to encourage the reduction of greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions.9 As a result, participation in these meetings represented a positive in ...
Canada`s Climate Change Mitigation Plan
... • Transparency and shared understanding of country specific emission reduction challenges is important – Reporting should allow for a broad and flexible range of mitigation actions to be reported in a way that takes into account unique national circumstances – Should allow for integrated assessment ...
... • Transparency and shared understanding of country specific emission reduction challenges is important – Reporting should allow for a broad and flexible range of mitigation actions to be reported in a way that takes into account unique national circumstances – Should allow for integrated assessment ...
UN-REDD Programme
... By COP 18 SBSTA is requested to: • Identify drivers of deforestation and forest degradation • Estimate emissions and removals resulting from these ...
... By COP 18 SBSTA is requested to: • Identify drivers of deforestation and forest degradation • Estimate emissions and removals resulting from these ...
speech - India Environment Portal
... More and more developed countries, including the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Japan, are now planning to introduce emissions trading systems similar to the EU’s, and our goal is to establish links between these schemes by 2015 to create a global, liquid market in emissions reduction. This ...
... More and more developed countries, including the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Japan, are now planning to introduce emissions trading systems similar to the EU’s, and our goal is to establish links between these schemes by 2015 to create a global, liquid market in emissions reduction. This ...
1.5-SG Climate change and REDD overview
... investments in clean energy and sustainable landscapes for climate change mitigation; 2.Increase resilience of people, places, and livelihoods through investments in climate change adaptation; and 3.Strengthen development outcomes by integrating climate change in USAID programming, learning, policy ...
... investments in clean energy and sustainable landscapes for climate change mitigation; 2.Increase resilience of people, places, and livelihoods through investments in climate change adaptation; and 3.Strengthen development outcomes by integrating climate change in USAID programming, learning, policy ...
Action - Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
... David James is a former schoolteacher, a member of the Arawak community, and the only indigenous lawyer in Guyana. Ramiro Batzin serves as the president of the indigenous organization Sotz’il, and as a representative of the Mayan peoples on a national indigenous peoples and climate change mesa (roun ...
... David James is a former schoolteacher, a member of the Arawak community, and the only indigenous lawyer in Guyana. Ramiro Batzin serves as the president of the indigenous organization Sotz’il, and as a representative of the Mayan peoples on a national indigenous peoples and climate change mesa (roun ...
The OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050
... innovation will not be enough to ensure all that energy efficiency options are adopted or accessible. Additional targeted regulatory instruments (such as fuel, vehicle and building efficiency standards) may also be required. If designed to overcome market barriers and avoid costly overlap with marke ...
... innovation will not be enough to ensure all that energy efficiency options are adopted or accessible. Additional targeted regulatory instruments (such as fuel, vehicle and building efficiency standards) may also be required. If designed to overcome market barriers and avoid costly overlap with marke ...
Text - Web of Creation
... In addition to these forty years of acts by the U.S. government to try to deal with the global environmental crisis, the U.S. has signed two international environmental treaties: the Montreal Protocol of 1987 and the Kyoto Protocol of 1997. The Montreal Protocol was enacted to deal with the issue of ...
... In addition to these forty years of acts by the U.S. government to try to deal with the global environmental crisis, the U.S. has signed two international environmental treaties: the Montreal Protocol of 1987 and the Kyoto Protocol of 1997. The Montreal Protocol was enacted to deal with the issue of ...
Peatlands - Wetlands International
... Different from forests: ongoing emissions Easy / low cost to halt emissions Many co- benefits (biodiversity, water storage!) ...
... Different from forests: ongoing emissions Easy / low cost to halt emissions Many co- benefits (biodiversity, water storage!) ...
The gains from trade
... signs on. Korea has far higher income per capita, and indeed its new president has announced the intention that Korean emissions flatten out immediately and turn down – a plan that is too ambitious to be practical from an economic viewpoint, and yet insufficiently aggressive to satisfy environmental ...
... signs on. Korea has far higher income per capita, and indeed its new president has announced the intention that Korean emissions flatten out immediately and turn down – a plan that is too ambitious to be practical from an economic viewpoint, and yet insufficiently aggressive to satisfy environmental ...
About the World Environment Organization
... Nigeria. Russia is a country in a very unique situation: from the point of view of the situation of most of its population it is a stagnant country, from the point of view of its military capabilities it is a Developed country and from the point of view of the technological development and the rate ...
... Nigeria. Russia is a country in a very unique situation: from the point of view of the situation of most of its population it is a stagnant country, from the point of view of its military capabilities it is a Developed country and from the point of view of the technological development and the rate ...
CO2 Reduction beyond 20% COM(2010)
... reductions are calculated against CO2 caps in the EU [“Clean Development Mechanism“ (CDM); see CEP Analysis, in German only]. The Commission is afraid that this EU-ETS practice might slow down incentives for innovation in the EU. To this end, it wishes to substitute part of the credits with new sect ...
... reductions are calculated against CO2 caps in the EU [“Clean Development Mechanism“ (CDM); see CEP Analysis, in German only]. The Commission is afraid that this EU-ETS practice might slow down incentives for innovation in the EU. To this end, it wishes to substitute part of the credits with new sect ...
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty, which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise that (a) global warming exists and (b) man-made CO2 emissions have caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December, 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 Parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to ""a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"" (Art. 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. A second commitment period was agreed on in 2012, known as the Doha Amendment to the protocol, in which 37 countries have binding targets: Australia, the European Union (and its 28 member states), Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round targets. Japan, New Zealand and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first-round but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012) and the United States (which has not ratified the Protocol). As of July 2015, 36 states have accepted the Doha Amendment, while entry into force requires the acceptances of 144 states.Negotiations were held in Lima in 2014 to agree on a post-Kyoto legal framework that would obligate all major polluters to pay for CO2 emissions. China, India, and the United States have all signaled that they will not ratify any treaty that will commit them legally to reduce CO2 emissions.