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Microsoft PowerPoint - VZFTITININMZ.ppt [\310\243\310
Microsoft PowerPoint - VZFTITININMZ.ppt [\310\243\310

...  Embryonic stem (ES) cells  Cultured totipotent inner cell mass  ES cell line: originated from one blastocyst  Genetically modified ES cells  used to generate transgenic ...
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Ligand Binding - Stroud

... • Mobility of individual residues can be measured by NMR and provides insights into regulation of enzymes by interaction with ligands or other proteins ...
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Abstracts for Annual Review of Research, inStem

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carcinogenesis: the molecular basis of cancer
carcinogenesis: the molecular basis of cancer

... Signal-Transducing Proteins • These signaling molecules couple growth factor receptors to their nuclear targets. • Many such signaling proteins are associated with the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, where they receive signals from activated growth factor receptors and transmit them to the nu ...
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Protein kinases

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Detection of Intracellular proteins

... Fixation does not allow the detection of active enzyme in a cell. ...
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... (NADH, FADH2) to ATP via the electron transport system, which involves a series of proteins that can carry out the energy transfer reactions. Note the role of atmospheric oxygen in this! ...
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Regulation of Metabolism

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Discussion Questions for first 2 weeks.

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... Protein interaction energies are not predictable; still a framework to discuss the principles is important. When complexes contain more than two molecules that come together for function the interactions rationalize the biological control systems. One of the most studied and complicated signaling sy ...
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Mammalian and Drosophila Blood: Minireview JAK of All Trades?

... The best characterized Drosophila mutation associated with a leukemia-like phenotype is Tum-l, a dominant GOF mutation in the JAK kinase Hopscotch (hop, see review by Hou and Perrimon, 1997). The Tum-l tumor phenotype is caused by a single amino acid substitution (Gly341Glu) that results in a hypera ...
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... often performed by several enzymatic reactions in a series or “pathway”. • Pathways can be linear, branched, cyclic or even spiral. ...
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... Canonical functions: RGS proteins bind to heterotrimeric G proteins by way of their RGS domain and act as GAPs (GTPase accelerating protein) to turn off G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signals (Ross and Wilkie, 2000). RGS2 is unique in its selective GAP activity toward Galphaq and its low affinity ...
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... 1. Cells have mechanisms to respond to environment. 2. Many signals are transduced through phosphorylation cascades. 3. ATP is kinetically stable but thermodynamically labile molecules. Enzymes that use APT as phosphate donor and transfer the phopsphate onto an acceptor molecule are called kinases. ...
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... 6) Ras is synthesised in the cytoplasm of the cell and has to become attached to the cell membrane in order to function properly. The attachment of a long hydrophobic chain means that the alkyl group can penetrate into the hydrophobic cell membrane and act as a hydrophobic anchor, holding the Ras pr ...
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... -Initial rapid upregulation of genes for chaperons and proteases (some in minutes) -> unstable environment -> metabolic burden -> slow growth rate and quantity protein produced -High protein production -> a.a. depleted (min. media) -> deactylated tRNAs bind to ribosome -> RelA recognizes and makes ...
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Deterministic Global Parameter Estimation for a Budding
Deterministic Global Parameter Estimation for a Budding

... Departments of Computer Science* and Biology+, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 24061 ...
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Biochemical cascade

A biochemical cascade (or a signaling pathway) is a series of chemical reactions which are initiated by a stimulus (first messenger) acting on a receptor that is transduced to the cell interior through second messengers (which amplify the initial signal) and ultimately to effector molecules, resulting in a cell response to the initial stimulus. At each step of the signaling cascade, various controlling factors are involved to regulate cellular actions, responding effectively to cues about their changing internal and external environments.
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