![Physical Chemistry](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/004187071_1-c0db9641b5fab3dcc3f99b3d7c8883e2-300x300.png)
Physical Chemistry
... Atoms occupy a fixed volume of space that is very difficult to compress, except by covalent bond formation. Thus, atoms cannot overlap in their position. The effect of this on protein structure is called steric hindrance. Bulky side-chains such ( as that found in isoleucine amino acid) restrict the ...
... Atoms occupy a fixed volume of space that is very difficult to compress, except by covalent bond formation. Thus, atoms cannot overlap in their position. The effect of this on protein structure is called steric hindrance. Bulky side-chains such ( as that found in isoleucine amino acid) restrict the ...
Protein Labeling
... Characteristic positions of intein motifs and numbering. The inserted intein carries the N-terminal extein (left shaded box) and the C-terminal extein (right shaded box). The residues important for the splicing process as well as the conserved segment blocks (A, B, C, D, E, H, F, G) and some intern ...
... Characteristic positions of intein motifs and numbering. The inserted intein carries the N-terminal extein (left shaded box) and the C-terminal extein (right shaded box). The residues important for the splicing process as well as the conserved segment blocks (A, B, C, D, E, H, F, G) and some intern ...
cell molecules
... Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds • Organisms are composed of matter. • Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. • An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. • There are 92 naturall ...
... Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds • Organisms are composed of matter. • Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. • An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. • There are 92 naturall ...
Enzymes - our Learning Areas
... • Enzymes often need “helpers”. • Sometimes ions or metal atoms are used. These helpers are called cofactors (e.g. iron in haemoglobin, calcium in nerve signalling, nickel in urease etc.) • Small molecule helpers are called coenzymes. • Coenzymes that we can't build ourselves, that we need to get fr ...
... • Enzymes often need “helpers”. • Sometimes ions or metal atoms are used. These helpers are called cofactors (e.g. iron in haemoglobin, calcium in nerve signalling, nickel in urease etc.) • Small molecule helpers are called coenzymes. • Coenzymes that we can't build ourselves, that we need to get fr ...
carbohydrate, protein and fat.
... Fats coat the flour particles and prevent them from absorbing water. This reduces the formation of gluten development, which would cause the dough to become elastic. Fats such as pure vegetable fats or lard are suitable for shortening because of their low water content. There are distinctive colours ...
... Fats coat the flour particles and prevent them from absorbing water. This reduces the formation of gluten development, which would cause the dough to become elastic. Fats such as pure vegetable fats or lard are suitable for shortening because of their low water content. There are distinctive colours ...
biological process
... Houses the PIRSF, ProClass and ProLINK databases http://pir.georgetown.edu/ ...
... Houses the PIRSF, ProClass and ProLINK databases http://pir.georgetown.edu/ ...
Beta-Sheet Structure Prediction Methods
... The amino acid sequence rules that correspond to beta-sheet structures in proteins are still not well understood. Current protein structure prediction methods are more accurate for alphahelical structures than for beta-sheet structures. One reason that beta-strand structure prediction is more diffic ...
... The amino acid sequence rules that correspond to beta-sheet structures in proteins are still not well understood. Current protein structure prediction methods are more accurate for alphahelical structures than for beta-sheet structures. One reason that beta-strand structure prediction is more diffic ...
No Slide Title
... KDEL receptor and other membrane proteins to be returned to ER - have KKXX sequence at end of C-terminus. This binds COP a and b. This sequence necessary and sufficient to drive transport to ER. Yeast mutants lacking COP a and b can’t do retrograde transport Retrograde transport - in Golgi Moving sp ...
... KDEL receptor and other membrane proteins to be returned to ER - have KKXX sequence at end of C-terminus. This binds COP a and b. This sequence necessary and sufficient to drive transport to ER. Yeast mutants lacking COP a and b can’t do retrograde transport Retrograde transport - in Golgi Moving sp ...
Protein Folding using Fluorescence Spectroscopy
... fluorescent. These three amino acids are relatively rare in proteins. If all twenty amino acids were fluorescent then protein emission would be more complex. ...
... fluorescent. These three amino acids are relatively rare in proteins. If all twenty amino acids were fluorescent then protein emission would be more complex. ...
Protein PreTest
... PROTEIN PRE-Assessment Hold up the color of the card that indicates the correct answer to the question. 1. Amino acids are: (red) Acids found in meat. (yellow) Building blocks from which proteins are made. (blue) A type of marinade. 2. The most important function of protein is: (red) To provide ener ...
... PROTEIN PRE-Assessment Hold up the color of the card that indicates the correct answer to the question. 1. Amino acids are: (red) Acids found in meat. (yellow) Building blocks from which proteins are made. (blue) A type of marinade. 2. The most important function of protein is: (red) To provide ener ...
embj201490361-sup-0002
... D 293T cells were transfected with the designated combinations of expression constructs for 6xHis-Ub and WT or mutant TRIM5αhu-HA. After 48 hr, 6xHis-Ub was pulled down (PD) with a Ni2+ affinity matrix, followed by analysis of the input and affinity purified samples by IB with antibodies detecting t ...
... D 293T cells were transfected with the designated combinations of expression constructs for 6xHis-Ub and WT or mutant TRIM5αhu-HA. After 48 hr, 6xHis-Ub was pulled down (PD) with a Ni2+ affinity matrix, followed by analysis of the input and affinity purified samples by IB with antibodies detecting t ...
Lecture 1 Cell Biology
... 1- Saturated fat: a molecule without any double bonds between carbon atoms composing the chain (e.g., butter). 2- Unsaturated fat: a molecule that has one or more double bonds, formed by the ...
... 1- Saturated fat: a molecule without any double bonds between carbon atoms composing the chain (e.g., butter). 2- Unsaturated fat: a molecule that has one or more double bonds, formed by the ...
Translocation of effector proteins from the oomycete Phytophthora
... suggesting that additional downstream sequences are not always required in this particular effector, and that the sequence upstream the RXLR motif may also function in effector delivery. ...
... suggesting that additional downstream sequences are not always required in this particular effector, and that the sequence upstream the RXLR motif may also function in effector delivery. ...
Lecture 3 Proteins and Disease Protein structure summary… Recap…
... Proteins are polymers of amino acids (polypeptides) Amino acid polymers are due to formation of peptide bonds 20 R groups = 20 aa’s – 4 subgroups Protein structure has 4 levels: Primary structure = aa sequence Secondary structure = alpha helix beta pleated sheet (due to reactions within the polypept ...
... Proteins are polymers of amino acids (polypeptides) Amino acid polymers are due to formation of peptide bonds 20 R groups = 20 aa’s – 4 subgroups Protein structure has 4 levels: Primary structure = aa sequence Secondary structure = alpha helix beta pleated sheet (due to reactions within the polypept ...
tutorial10_3D_structure
... Protein Data Bank (PDB) • Contains all known 3D structural data of large biological molecules, mostly proteins and nucleic acids: ~87,000 structures. • The data is typically obtained by X-ray crystallography or NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy and submitted by biologists and biochemist ...
... Protein Data Bank (PDB) • Contains all known 3D structural data of large biological molecules, mostly proteins and nucleic acids: ~87,000 structures. • The data is typically obtained by X-ray crystallography or NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy and submitted by biologists and biochemist ...
testing for organic macromolecules
... fatty acid "tails" are long chains of carbon and hydrogen that contribute to the non-polar behavior of fats - they don't mix with (polar) water. The fatty acid chains can be saturated, with all carbons saturated with hydrogen atoms forming a straight chain without double bonds. Unsaturated fatty ac ...
... fatty acid "tails" are long chains of carbon and hydrogen that contribute to the non-polar behavior of fats - they don't mix with (polar) water. The fatty acid chains can be saturated, with all carbons saturated with hydrogen atoms forming a straight chain without double bonds. Unsaturated fatty ac ...
Understanding Enzyme Mechanism through Protein Chimeragenesis
... © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 ...
... © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 ...
Expression patterns of genes encoding endomembrane proteins
... have been isolated. The deduced protein encoded by TaSec61a, namely, TaSec61p, exhibits 67% identity and 76% similarity to the rat Sec61ap. The C-terminal third of the TaCOPap exhibits 43% identity and 52% similarity to its human counterpart. TaBP-80p exhibits an average of 70% identity and 75% simi ...
... have been isolated. The deduced protein encoded by TaSec61a, namely, TaSec61p, exhibits 67% identity and 76% similarity to the rat Sec61ap. The C-terminal third of the TaCOPap exhibits 43% identity and 52% similarity to its human counterpart. TaBP-80p exhibits an average of 70% identity and 75% simi ...
THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MACROMOLECULES
... 14. List and recognize four major components of an amino acid, and explain how amino acids may be grouped according to the physical and chemical properties of the side chains. 15. Identify a peptide bond and explain how it is formed. 16. Explain what determines protein conformation and why it is imp ...
... 14. List and recognize four major components of an amino acid, and explain how amino acids may be grouped according to the physical and chemical properties of the side chains. 15. Identify a peptide bond and explain how it is formed. 16. Explain what determines protein conformation and why it is imp ...
Clean Solutions Fuel Affinity Chromatography
... the required values, such as conductivity, TOC and salinity. Identification by gel electrophoresis showed none of the interfering streaks, poor focusing or non-specific protein bands that can occur in the presence of salts or organic particles in the charged solutions6. To obtain reliably reproducab ...
... the required values, such as conductivity, TOC and salinity. Identification by gel electrophoresis showed none of the interfering streaks, poor focusing or non-specific protein bands that can occur in the presence of salts or organic particles in the charged solutions6. To obtain reliably reproducab ...
A Acidic amino acids: Those whose side chains can carry a negative
... Peptidase : Enzyme capable of hydrolysing certain peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain. Primary structure: Linear sequence of amino acid residues in peptide/protein chain. By convention, sequences written with free N-terminal at left. Prediction: As applied to proteins, attempts to predict aspects o ...
... Peptidase : Enzyme capable of hydrolysing certain peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain. Primary structure: Linear sequence of amino acid residues in peptide/protein chain. By convention, sequences written with free N-terminal at left. Prediction: As applied to proteins, attempts to predict aspects o ...
New construction kit for designing new proteins
... On the level of basic research, Höcker hopes that her work will also contribute to finding out why proteins fold the way they do. "I would like to understand how the sequence determines the structure," said Höcker. The database will connect all structural knowledge and additional important informati ...
... On the level of basic research, Höcker hopes that her work will also contribute to finding out why proteins fold the way they do. "I would like to understand how the sequence determines the structure," said Höcker. The database will connect all structural knowledge and additional important informati ...
Chapter 2 Study Guides
... 7. Before a chemical reaction can start, ____________________ must be absorbed by the reactants. The amount that must be absorbed to start the reaction is called the ...
... 7. Before a chemical reaction can start, ____________________ must be absorbed by the reactants. The amount that must be absorbed to start the reaction is called the ...
Cyclol
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cyclol_reaction.png?width=300)
The cyclol hypothesis is the first structural model of a folded, globular protein. It was developed by Dorothy Wrinch in the late 1930s, and was based on three assumptions. Firstly, the hypothesis assumes that two peptide groups can be crosslinked by a cyclol reaction (Figure 1); these crosslinks are covalent analogs of non-covalent hydrogen bonds between peptide groups. These reactions have been observed in the ergopeptides and other compounds. Secondly, it assumes that, under some conditions, amino acids will naturally make the maximum possible number of cyclol crosslinks, resulting in cyclol molecules (Figure 2) and cyclol fabrics (Figure 3). These cyclol molecules and fabrics have never been observed. Finally, the hypothesis assumes that globular proteins have a tertiary structure corresponding to Platonic solids and semiregular polyhedra formed of cyclol fabrics with no free edges. Such ""closed cyclol"" molecules have not been observed either.Although later data demonstrated that this original model for the structure of globular proteins needed to be amended, several elements of the cyclol model were verified, such as the cyclol reaction itself and the hypothesis that hydrophobic interactions are chiefly responsible for protein folding. The cyclol hypothesis stimulated many scientists to research questions in protein structure and chemistry, and was a precursor of the more accurate models hypothesized for the DNA double helix and protein secondary structure. The proposal and testing of the cyclol model also provides an excellent illustration of empirical falsifiability acting as part of the scientific method.