l CT urography - Revista Urologia
... (a) and nephroexcretory phase (b): focal thickness of the dorsal renal pelvis wall (white arrow). ...
... (a) and nephroexcretory phase (b): focal thickness of the dorsal renal pelvis wall (white arrow). ...
code of safe practice for the use of
... limits for radiation personnel (see paras 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5) . This will normally require a protective barrier at the x-ray controls. (See para 6.2) 3.12 A protective apron of lead equivalence not less than 0.25 mm shall be used by the operator of a mobile or portable x-ray machine. Additional l ...
... limits for radiation personnel (see paras 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5) . This will normally require a protective barrier at the x-ray controls. (See para 6.2) 3.12 A protective apron of lead equivalence not less than 0.25 mm shall be used by the operator of a mobile or portable x-ray machine. Additional l ...
The Evolution of Stereotactic Radiosurgery
... • “ Quality and Safety Considerations in Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy”, Dr. Timothy D. Solberg, et al. ...
... • “ Quality and Safety Considerations in Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy”, Dr. Timothy D. Solberg, et al. ...
NDAC TITLE 114 ND MEDICAL IMAGING and RADIATION
... competence, or on the job training, necessary to ensure that the public health, safety, and welfare will be protected. 23. "Limit" means to restrict, qualify, or otherwise modify the license. 24. ”Magnetic resonance imaging technologist”, means an individual other than an licensed practitioner, who ...
... competence, or on the job training, necessary to ensure that the public health, safety, and welfare will be protected. 23. "Limit" means to restrict, qualify, or otherwise modify the license. 24. ”Magnetic resonance imaging technologist”, means an individual other than an licensed practitioner, who ...
CR_DR State X-ray Inspection Protocol
... attention to what kVp shows up on the control panel when a selection is made for an AP phototimed LS or AB. Determine from interviewing the chief technologist as well as other technologists if everyone is USING the default kVp setting for these exams, or if some technologists are CHANGING that defau ...
... attention to what kVp shows up on the control panel when a selection is made for an AP phototimed LS or AB. Determine from interviewing the chief technologist as well as other technologists if everyone is USING the default kVp setting for these exams, or if some technologists are CHANGING that defau ...
Virtual Monochromatic Imaging in Dual-energy CT
... Optimal monochromatic energies vary between 95 keV and 150 keV, depending on the composition and size of the metal implant. Fig. 8 compares two images of a pedicle screw acquired by single-energy CT at 120 kV and monochromatic images at 127 keV synthesized from a dual-source, dual-energy scan for th ...
... Optimal monochromatic energies vary between 95 keV and 150 keV, depending on the composition and size of the metal implant. Fig. 8 compares two images of a pedicle screw acquired by single-energy CT at 120 kV and monochromatic images at 127 keV synthesized from a dual-source, dual-energy scan for th ...
A Guide to CT Radiation Dose Management
... performed, CT procedures are nevertheless responsible for 49% of the total medical radiation dose to the population of the United States and 24% of the total from all sources of radiation.2 Due to CT’s continuing rise in use, increased attention continues to be placed on CT radiation dose by the med ...
... performed, CT procedures are nevertheless responsible for 49% of the total medical radiation dose to the population of the United States and 24% of the total from all sources of radiation.2 Due to CT’s continuing rise in use, increased attention continues to be placed on CT radiation dose by the med ...
AAPM Imaging Physics Curricula Subcommittee
... Q8. A person accidentally ingests an unknown radioactive substance and lives in close proximity with his or her family. Which of the following types of radiation is the greatest safety concern for the family? A. Photons (364 keV) B. Neutrinos C. Electrons (30 keV) D. Alpha particles Answer: A – Phot ...
... Q8. A person accidentally ingests an unknown radioactive substance and lives in close proximity with his or her family. Which of the following types of radiation is the greatest safety concern for the family? A. Photons (364 keV) B. Neutrinos C. Electrons (30 keV) D. Alpha particles Answer: A – Phot ...
Medical Physics Department
... S units. This effort spanned almost 2 years and involved input from many members of the physics team including electronics, physics technologists, physics residents and medical physicists. VMAT treatments involve gantry rotation in addition to beam shaping while the beam is on and are significantly ...
... S units. This effort spanned almost 2 years and involved input from many members of the physics team including electronics, physics technologists, physics residents and medical physicists. VMAT treatments involve gantry rotation in addition to beam shaping while the beam is on and are significantly ...
International Workshop on Monte Carlo Techniques in Medical
... artificial implants from CAD modeling (screws, hip replacements, brachytherapy seeds, etc) or anatomical details extracted from other imaging modalities, such as for example MRI (arteries, spinal cord, atheroma, etc). A potential solution based on the use of smaller voxels for modeling complex objec ...
... artificial implants from CAD modeling (screws, hip replacements, brachytherapy seeds, etc) or anatomical details extracted from other imaging modalities, such as for example MRI (arteries, spinal cord, atheroma, etc). A potential solution based on the use of smaller voxels for modeling complex objec ...
Tomotherapy vs IMRT (952kB PPT)
... - There is also the considerable potential for radiobiological gain. In Tomotherapy every cell receives its full complement of dose in less than 2 minutes. In conventional accelerators the time from first to last photon may be 20 min or more allowing significant tumour cell recovery. ...
... - There is also the considerable potential for radiobiological gain. In Tomotherapy every cell receives its full complement of dose in less than 2 minutes. In conventional accelerators the time from first to last photon may be 20 min or more allowing significant tumour cell recovery. ...
Flash speed. Lowest dose. - VCU Department of Radiology
... Under most frequent conditions, conventional single source cardiac CT depends upon high dose except with extremely stable and low heart rates. For routine cases, however, the dose required in less than ideal circumstances is significantly higher than cardiac cath, that normally requires at least 5 m ...
... Under most frequent conditions, conventional single source cardiac CT depends upon high dose except with extremely stable and low heart rates. For routine cases, however, the dose required in less than ideal circumstances is significantly higher than cardiac cath, that normally requires at least 5 m ...
A Study on Evaluation of kV-CBCT-image-based Treatment
... increased scatter, beam hardening, and intra-scanning organ motion. This raises concerns about the direct use of CBCT for dose calculation [8]. This study investigated the accuracy of CBCT-based treatment planning using a Rando phantom for head and neck, thorax, and pelvis sites. Results show that t ...
... increased scatter, beam hardening, and intra-scanning organ motion. This raises concerns about the direct use of CBCT for dose calculation [8]. This study investigated the accuracy of CBCT-based treatment planning using a Rando phantom for head and neck, thorax, and pelvis sites. Results show that t ...
Beam-restricting Devices & Grids
... The angle of deviation is smaller for high-ratio grids. (the photon must be traveling in a straighter line to make it through the grid) However, the higher the ratio the more radiation exposure necessary to get a sufficient number of x-rays through the grid to the IR ...
... The angle of deviation is smaller for high-ratio grids. (the photon must be traveling in a straighter line to make it through the grid) However, the higher the ratio the more radiation exposure necessary to get a sufficient number of x-rays through the grid to the IR ...
19 2D and 3D Planning in Brachytherapy
... imaging such as CT, MR or ultrasound (US) for treatment planning purposes. This is becoming increasingly more popular and tends to replace the traditional methods, at least in the western world. In fact, the establishment of brachytherapy as first-choice treatment for early stages of prostate cancer, ...
... imaging such as CT, MR or ultrasound (US) for treatment planning purposes. This is becoming increasingly more popular and tends to replace the traditional methods, at least in the western world. In fact, the establishment of brachytherapy as first-choice treatment for early stages of prostate cancer, ...
Chapter 15: Special Procedures and Techniques in
... radiation to pre-selected and stereotactically localized lesions. ...
... radiation to pre-selected and stereotactically localized lesions. ...
communicating radiation risks in paediatric imaging
... health care. The level of awareness of health professionals about radiation doses and associated risks in medical imaging can be low. Referring medical practitioners need sufficient background, education and resources to communicate clearly and effectively about the benefits and risks of paediatric ...
... health care. The level of awareness of health professionals about radiation doses and associated risks in medical imaging can be low. Referring medical practitioners need sufficient background, education and resources to communicate clearly and effectively about the benefits and risks of paediatric ...
Diagnostic Reference Levels
... and therefore do not come within the definition of DRLs. Research programmes sponsored by the EC have been investigating the establishment of reference levels in these areas (8) and have concluded that for complex procedures reference levels must include DAP values, fluoroscopy times and total numbe ...
... and therefore do not come within the definition of DRLs. Research programmes sponsored by the EC have been investigating the establishment of reference levels in these areas (8) and have concluded that for complex procedures reference levels must include DAP values, fluoroscopy times and total numbe ...
brain tumor target volume determination for radiation treatment
... (PTV) target volumes would be expanded. The GTV was defined by the Gd contrast enhancement in T1 images or changes in the white matter (edema as defined by T2 MRI images). Each radiation oncologist performed 3 different GTV outlines on each image set for each of the 11 patients, resulting in a total ...
... (PTV) target volumes would be expanded. The GTV was defined by the Gd contrast enhancement in T1 images or changes in the white matter (edema as defined by T2 MRI images). Each radiation oncologist performed 3 different GTV outlines on each image set for each of the 11 patients, resulting in a total ...
Estimativa de dose nos pulmões para procedimentos
... Figure 1 – Historical perspective of CT scanners evolution. (a). Head scanners, which scanned the patient by translation and rotation of the measurement system with a pencil beam or (b). a small fan beam; (c). The “3rd generation”, featuring a rotating detector, has clearly outdistanced the (d). “4t ...
... Figure 1 – Historical perspective of CT scanners evolution. (a). Head scanners, which scanned the patient by translation and rotation of the measurement system with a pencil beam or (b). a small fan beam; (c). The “3rd generation”, featuring a rotating detector, has clearly outdistanced the (d). “4t ...
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of collagen in
... In addition to structural information, OCT can obtain functional and quantitative information on collagen status [29]. Polarization sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) images identify birefringent skin tissue regions by measuring and displaying changes in the polarization state of reflected light. The rate at wh ...
... In addition to structural information, OCT can obtain functional and quantitative information on collagen status [29]. Polarization sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) images identify birefringent skin tissue regions by measuring and displaying changes in the polarization state of reflected light. The rate at wh ...
Quality assurance for image-guided radiation therapy
... The MV-CBCT system demonstrates submillimeter localization precision23,58–60 and sufficient soft-tissue contrast to visualize structures such as the prostate. The dose used for MV-CBCT depends on the clinical application but typically ranges from 3 to 10 cGy,20,61 with the lower end used when daily ...
... The MV-CBCT system demonstrates submillimeter localization precision23,58–60 and sufficient soft-tissue contrast to visualize structures such as the prostate. The dose used for MV-CBCT depends on the clinical application but typically ranges from 3 to 10 cGy,20,61 with the lower end used when daily ...
Optimal Scanning Protocols for Dual
... findings can be justified because the effect of stents on image noise is clearly evident when comparing small, medium, and large stents with different keV, as shown in Figure 5. The findings from these studies suggest that using keV between 65 and 70 with a pitch value of 0.984 achieves optimal imag ...
... findings can be justified because the effect of stents on image noise is clearly evident when comparing small, medium, and large stents with different keV, as shown in Figure 5. The findings from these studies suggest that using keV between 65 and 70 with a pitch value of 0.984 achieves optimal imag ...
IAEA-PGEC-VIII.3P1Equipm_b - International Atomic Energy Agency
... Computed Tomography (CT) was introduced into clinical practice in 1972 and revolutionized X Ray imaging by providing high quality images which reproduced transverse cross sections of the body. Tissues are therefore not superimposed on the image as they are in conventional projections The technique o ...
... Computed Tomography (CT) was introduced into clinical practice in 1972 and revolutionized X Ray imaging by providing high quality images which reproduced transverse cross sections of the body. Tissues are therefore not superimposed on the image as they are in conventional projections The technique o ...
Radiation burn
A radiation burn is damage to the skin or other biological tissue caused by exposure to radiation. The radiation types of greatest concern are thermal radiation, radio frequency energy, ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation.The most common type of radiation burn is a sunburn caused by UV radiation. High exposure to X-rays during diagnostic medical imaging or radiotherapy can also result in radiation burns. As the ionizing radiation interacts with cells within the body—damaging them—the body responds to this damage, typically resulting in erythema—that is, redness around the damaged area. Radiation burns are often associated with radiation-induced cancer due to the ability of ionizing radiation to interact with and damage DNA, occasionally inducing a cell to become cancerous. Cavity magnetrons can be improperly used to create surface and internal burning. Depending on the photon energy, gamma radiation can cause very deep gamma burns, with 60Co internal burns are common. Beta burns tend to be shallow as beta particles are not able to penetrate deep into the person; these burns can be similar to sunburn.Radiation burns can also occur with high power radio transmitters at any frequency where the body absorbs radio frequency energy and converts it to heat. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) considers 50 watts to be the lowest power above which radio stations must evaluate emission safety. Frequencies considered especially dangerous occur where the human body can become resonant, at 35 MHz, 70 MHz, 80-100 MHz, 400 MHz, and 1 GHz. Exposure to microwaves of too high intensity can cause microwave burns.