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BioN08 Metabolism of lipids Summer 2015
BioN08 Metabolism of lipids Summer 2015

... Use of ketone bodies (important) • The skeletal muscles of a well fed and healthy person derive a small portion of their daily energy needs from acetoacetate. • Heart muscles prefer ketone bodies over glucose when fatty acids are in short supply. • When energy production from glucose is inadequate ...
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... • The Living Environment: Heredity - the information passed from parents to offspring is coded in DNA molecules. • The Living Environment: Cells - within every cell are specialized parts for the transport of materials, energy transfer, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback, and even ...
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF AMINO ACIDS CONJUGATED 2­ AMINO­4­ARYLTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES 
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF AMINO ACIDS CONJUGATED 2­ AMINO­4­ARYLTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES 

... bearing  amino  acid/peptidic  residues  have  been  discovered  from  both  microbial  and  marine  origin.  6  They  display  a  very  promising  antimicrobial  activity  and  were  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  privileged  antibiotics  that  are  not  yet  clinically  exploited.  They  inhi ...
Chapter 8-10 Review - Akron Central Schools
Chapter 8-10 Review - Akron Central Schools

... the following statements is an important consequence of this first law? • A) The energy content of an organism is constant except for when its cells are dividing. • B) The organism must ultimately obtain all the necessary energy for life from its environment. • C) The entropy of an organism decrease ...
Krebs cycle
Krebs cycle

... Odd carbon acids converts into propionylCoA which cannot directly enter either beta oxidation or the citric acid cycles. Instead it is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerized to L-methylmalonylCoA. A vitamin B12-dependent enzyme catalyzes rearrangement of Lmethylmalonyl-CoA to succi ...
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The FAH Fold Meets the Krebs Cycle
The FAH Fold Meets the Krebs Cycle

... domain of FAHD1 and other members of the FAH family [9]. This process yielded the prokaryotic enzyme Cg1458 as a promising candidate, previously identified as a soluble ODx [2].Subsequent in vitro analysis of purified recombinant human FAHD1 confirmed that it indeed exhibits ODx activity. Interestin ...
`Metabolic flux` describes the rate of flow of intermediates through a
`Metabolic flux` describes the rate of flow of intermediates through a

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Water - University of California, Los Angeles
Water - University of California, Los Angeles

... The R-state of PFK promotes binding of F6P; the T-state has low affinity for F6P In T-state (blue), charge repulsion between Glu & F6P disfavors binding ...
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... structure -(NH-CHR-C(=O))-. These repeating units come from 20 different chiral -amino acids with the general structure H2 N-CHR-CO 2 H. The R groups play a major role in determining conformations of the peptide chains and the shapes of proteins. Free α-Amino acids are polyprotic acids because they ...
Biochemistry. 4th Edition Brochure
Biochemistry. 4th Edition Brochure

... Fax Order Form To place an order via fax simply print this form, fill in the information below and fax the completed form to 646-607-1907 (from USA) or +353-1-481-1716 (from Rest of World). If you have any questions please visit http://www.researchandmarkets.com/contact/ ...
The Citric Acid Cycle Is a Source of Biosynthetic Precursors
The Citric Acid Cycle Is a Source of Biosynthetic Precursors

chapter_6_mod_2009
chapter_6_mod_2009

... Very similar to aerobic respiration in eukaryotes. Since prokaryotes have no mitochondria, it all occurs in the cytoplasm. Make 2 more ATP because there is a cost to the eukaryotic cell of getting the electrons into the ...
Chemical Evolution of Life on the Early Earth All organisms on Earth
Chemical Evolution of Life on the Early Earth All organisms on Earth

acids and bases (par..
acids and bases (par..

... (problem: some bases don’t have hydroxide ions!) ...
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... Enzyme reactions can be slowed by the presence of inhibitors • The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction can be affected by molecules that do not themselves participate in the chemical reaction. • Activators increase the reaction rate and inhibitors decrease the rate. • Many drugs, including aspirin ...
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... Protein concentration can also be determined by measuring the intrinsic fluorescence based on fluorescence emission by the aromatic amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and/or phenylalanine. Usually tryptophan fluorescence is measured. The fluorescence intensity of the protein sample solution is measur ...
final review
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... 2. Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 3. Distinguish between positive and negative feedback. 4. What is homeostasis? 5. What are the three domains of life? 6. List and distinguish among the three kingdoms of multicellular eukaryotic life. 7. Distinguish between discovery science a ...
WEEK FOUR
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... by the 2 groups of animals. The major bulk of carbohydrate in ruminants feed are polymers; cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, fructose and pectin. Fodder plants contain on dry matter bases 20 – 30% of cellulose, 14 – 20% hemicelluloses, up to 10% of pectin and 2- 12% of lignin. The breakdown of carbo ...
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lecture09_14Class

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Amino acids and insulin act additively to regulate components of the
Amino acids and insulin act additively to regulate components of the

... Results: Incubation of C2C12 myotubes with 0.2 × physiological amino acids concentration (0.2 × PC AA), relative to 1.0 × PC AA, significantly increased total proteolysis and the expression of 14-kDa E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (p < 0.05). The proteasome inhibitor MG132 blocked the rise in prote ...
antisense orfs, codon bias and the evo lu tion of the ge netic code
antisense orfs, codon bias and the evo lu tion of the ge netic code

... subgroups of the superfamily are composed of 30-40 residues conserved at approximately 80 % identity distributed throughout the 250 aa proteins. Nucleic acid sequence analysis reveals that 21% of the SCOR genes (342/1612) have an antisense open reading frame (ORF) overlapping the entire sense gene. ...
Section A:
Section A:

... of the enzyme to the inhibitor versus its normal substrate? If so, how would you estimate that difference. If you do not expect a difference, why not? (4 pts). Since the inhibitor has all of the same features as the true substrate, e.g. bases for BamH1 to recognize, negative charges on the backbone, ...
Teacher Notes - 3D Molecular Designs
Teacher Notes - 3D Molecular Designs

... oxygen molecule. Hemoglobin is slow to pick up the first oxygen molecule, but once the initial oxygen molecule binds to hemoglobin, there is a conformational change in the protein. This change allows each of the remaining heme groups to take up additional oxygen molecules quickly. Similarly, hemoglo ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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