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Chapter 26
Chapter 26

... – no clear effect on incidence of colorectal cancer – excessive intake can interfere with absorption of elements such as iron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and other trace ...
General clinical situations
General clinical situations

Herbicide Classification and Mode of Action
Herbicide Classification and Mode of Action

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History of Fermentation Processes and Their Fundamental
History of Fermentation Processes and Their Fundamental

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Valea LifeScience09 R

... trapped between trying to obtain reasonably broad protection to hinder competitors from circumventing the patent all too easily, while still protecting a protein or peptide which actually has the desired biological activity. A claim scope that is too broad will almost inevitably lead to a rejection ...
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Genetic Code

Załącznik nr 3 do Zarządzenia Rektora PUM…………………….. z
Załącznik nr 3 do Zarządzenia Rektora PUM…………………….. z

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BC 367 Experiment 4 Kinetic Properties of Acid Phosphatase
BC 367 Experiment 4 Kinetic Properties of Acid Phosphatase

... be observed. At low substrate concentrations, not all of the active sites on the enzyme surface are occupied at all times, and the reaction rate will be proportional to the concentration of substrate; i.e., pseudo-first order kinetics will be observed. When the substrate concentration is very high, ...
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Chem*3560 Lecture 22: Fatty acid desaturation Relationship of
Chem*3560 Lecture 22: Fatty acid desaturation Relationship of

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... • Pancreatic  and b cells directly sense the dietary and energy state of the organism through [glucose] in the blood.   cells respond to low blood glucose by secreting glucagon.  b cells respond to the high blood glucose by secreting insulin. • Both involved in glycogen metabolism. • These hormo ...
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Ch. 17 From Gene to Protein

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Dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

... and FAD-2) are involved in the binding of FAD, and the others constitute a pyridine nucleotide binding domain and an ‘interface’ domain involved in the interaction between subunits of the enzyme. Fig. 2 shows the primary structure of these four proteins and of S. cereuisiae lipoamide dehydrogenase a ...
Dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

... and FAD-2) are involved in the binding of FAD, and the others constitute a pyridine nucleotide binding domain and an ‘interface’ domain involved in the interaction between subunits of the enzyme. Fig. 2 shows the primary structure of these four proteins and of S. cereuisiae lipoamide dehydrogenase a ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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