• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
1. Introduction to Natural Products Chemistry
1. Introduction to Natural Products Chemistry

... via more than one biosynthetic path. That is, there may be more than one path available, such as in a modified linear process or metabolic grid. 5. Even if the same compound is present in two different organisms, it is possible that they are formed via different pathways. This, however, is more like ...
Biochemistry 7/e
Biochemistry 7/e

Argininosuccinate Synthetase-lyase Activity in Vaccinia Virus
Argininosuccinate Synthetase-lyase Activity in Vaccinia Virus

Chapter 5 Macromolecules
Chapter 5 Macromolecules

... • Fats are constructed from two types of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids • Glycerol is a three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon • A fatty acid consists of a carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis
RNA and Protein Synthesis

Ubiquinone
Ubiquinone

... • Mutation in the mitochondrial gene that encodes a tRNA specific for lysine (lysyl-tRNA) results in MERRF. • Synthesis of several proteins require this tRNA is interrupted. ...
Oscillatory Oxidation of Malonic Acid by Bromate
Oscillatory Oxidation of Malonic Acid by Bromate

... tion products of malonic acid cannot be excluded on the basis of the present data, however, such reac­ tions should not contribute more than about 10 —20% to the overall scheme. The overall reactions given here do not contain formic acid as final product as suggested elsewhere 4. Under the condition ...
Lab 6 - CELLULAR RESPIRATION: THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
Lab 6 - CELLULAR RESPIRATION: THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE

... respiration occurs. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of cells, while the others occur in mitochondria. Mitochondria are a double membrane-bound organelle. The interior membrane is folded into repeated structures called cristae, and it is here that the ETS is located. The citric acid cycle occurs l ...
template
template

... a great a role for input proteins, she can come up with a good solution faster if she is given the chance to group amino acids accordingly (e.g. hydrophobic, polar and charged) and then give highly negative scores between the hydrophobic group and other groups. These tasks, among other important asp ...
MusselsAlive Report
MusselsAlive Report

... As shown in Figure 5, Spring cooked mussels were ranked as very good (20 %), good (70 %) and acceptable (10 %). Globally, a uniform but pale colour was identified by panellists (80%). Smell was described as characteristic (70%) or slightly characteristic (30%). For most panellists (60%), more than 2 ...
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a gene upstream of the eaeA
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a gene upstream of the eaeA

... Southern blot analysis was performed to determine if clone 6-F contained the same gene interrupted by Tn phoA in the OMP- mutant strain, A 10. The insert DNA from clone 6-F was purified and hybridized to EcoRV-digested genomic DNAs from E. coli 0157:H7 strains HA1 (OMP+) and A10 (OMP-1. In strain Al ...
doc - ray luo
doc - ray luo

... of twenty different side chains. The side chains of amino acids determine its chemical properties. The twenty different side chains can be categorized into electrically charged, polar, hydrophobic, and sulfur-containing varieties. A sequence of amino acids is called a polypeptide. A protein consists ...
Oxypred: Prediction and Classification of Oxygen-Binding
Oxypred: Prediction and Classification of Oxygen-Binding

... Oxygen-binding proteins are widely present in eukaryotes ranging from non-vertebrates to humans (1 ). Moreover, these proteins have also been reported to be present in many prokaryotes and protozoans (2 ). The occurrence of oxygen-binding proteins in all kingdoms of organisms, though not in all orga ...
Poster
Poster

... diseases (2). In this project, a number of putative sEH inhibitors were designed. Work was based on previous drug design efforts as well as on the threedimensional structure of the human enzyme (3). sEH crystal structures exhibit two domains with distinct activities—the C-terminal domain catalyzes t ...
Amino Acid Sequence and Antigenicity of the Amino
Amino Acid Sequence and Antigenicity of the Amino

... isolated from SDS-PAGE it was possible to establish an ELISA with this antigen for a sensitive and specific serological diagnosis of M . pneumoniae infection (Jacobs & Clad, 1986; Jacobs et al., 19866). However, the considerable costs entailed in growing M . pneumoniae, and the low yield of M . pneu ...
Third Year Fifth Semester
Third Year Fifth Semester

... Objective of the Course: This course provides fundamental concepts about the energy production and the mechanisms of the major macromolecules metabolism. Regulation and inhibition of the metabolic pathways are also addressed. This course will also integrate knowledge of bioenergetics and the metabol ...
Aromatic Amino Acids-Guanidinium Complexes through
Aromatic Amino Acids-Guanidinium Complexes through

... Thornton and Singh [6] analyzed a large number of crystal structures and found that aromatic amino acids prefer stacking interactions to hydrogen bonding [7]. In 2011, Frontera et al. published a review on cation-π interactions analyzing the forces involved in these contacts and found that some phys ...
Carbon conversion efficiency and central - Shachar
Carbon conversion efficiency and central - Shachar

... embryos (Figure 2b), which was considered in our model by adding a NADP-dependent malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) in the plastid. As previously shown in maize root tips (DieuaideNoubhani et al., 1995), the observation of a substantial loss of label in the C1 carbon position of starch glucosyl units after ...
Lecture of Enzymes.
Lecture of Enzymes.

... pyrophosphate, biotin, and the metal ions of Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Se, and Zn. e.g., Hemoglobin is a tetrameric protein containing four heme prosthetic groups, e.g., succinate dehydrogenase is bound covalently to the flavin nucleotide in most flavoproteins protein, Metals are the most common prosthetic gr ...
Aromatic Amino Acids-Guanidinium Complexes through
Aromatic Amino Acids-Guanidinium Complexes through

... Thornton and Singh [6] analyzed a large number of crystal structures and found that aromatic amino acids prefer stacking interactions to hydrogen bonding [7]. In 2011, Frontera et al. published a review on cation-π interactions analyzing the forces involved in these contacts and found that some phys ...
PowerPoint 簡報
PowerPoint 簡報

... • Areas where sorghum is the main carbohydrate source will also observe niacin deficiency if niacin uptake is not being watched carefully. • Sorghum contains large amount of leucine, which will inhibit quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPRT), an enzyme involved in NAD+ biosynthesis from trypto ...
Pyruvate Kinase - Wiley Online Library
Pyruvate Kinase - Wiley Online Library

... Class L, the major component in liver extracts and a minor component of kidney extracts, shows markedly sigmoidal kinetics with respect to the concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate, allosteric inhibition by ATP and alanine, and activation by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Class A, present in adipose tiss ...
Chapter 6
Chapter 6

... • Protein is saved for metabolic functions that cannot be performed by other compounds • Protein is used for fuel primarily when total energy or carbohydrate intake is low ...
metabolism
metabolism

... Organism’s habitat ...
4-Carbohydrate metabolism
4-Carbohydrate metabolism

...  Carbohydrates are a superior short-term energy reserve for organisms, because they are much simpler to metabolize than fats or proteins.  Carbohydrates are typically stored as long polymers of glucose molecules with Glycosidic bonds for structural support (e.g. chitin, cellulose) or energy storag ...
< 1 ... 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report