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Asymmetric Mammographic Findings Based on Fourth Edition of BI
Asymmetric Mammographic Findings Based on Fourth Edition of BI

... seen at least in one view, and this may not correlate with a geometric focus on another view (7). However, not all cancers form a mass visible at mammography, and there is the potential of dismissing asymmetries simply because a mass is not evident. Once such a potential abnormality is found, it is ...
Comparison of the Accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Comparison of the Accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography

... for reference marker–based guided surgery systems. Materials and Methods: Cadaver mandibles with attached radiopaque gutta-percha markers, as well as glass balls and composite cylinders of known dimensions, were measured manually with a highly accurate digital caliper. The objects were then scanned ...
RESEARCH ARTICLE Diffusion Weighted Imaging Can Distinguish
RESEARCH ARTICLE Diffusion Weighted Imaging Can Distinguish

... carcinoma (Travis et al., 2004). Several noninvasive procedures including computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are widely used for evaluating mediastinal tumors and mass lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important adjunctive imaging modality in thoracic oncol ...
X-Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography
X-Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography

... Planar X-ray radiography of overlapping layers of soft tissue or complex bone structures can often be difficult to interpret, even for a skilled radiologist. In these cases, X-ray computed tomography (CT) is used. The basic principles of CT are shown in Figure 1.2. The X-ray source is tightly collim ...
Nonenhanced hybridized arterial spin labeled magnetic resonance
Nonenhanced hybridized arterial spin labeled magnetic resonance

... Nonenhanced MRA may address the above drawbacks of CEMRA. Time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a well-established and easy-to-use method for diagnosing disorders of the extracranial carotid arteries without the use of contrast agents [6–10]. Although it is often used in clini ...
Imaging Evaluation of Tricuspid Valve: Analysis of Morphology and
Imaging Evaluation of Tricuspid Valve: Analysis of Morphology and

... and in patients with inflammatory processes, such as rheumatic heart disease [11]. Some additional potential advantages of CT are that it enables evaluation of TV annuloplasty ring dislodgement and helps identify inappropriate position of the RV pacemaker lead at the TV level and related complicatio ...
Mutual information based registration of medical images: a survey
Mutual information based registration of medical images: a survey

... sharp. There is only one peak, that of background. Mutual information is better equipped to avoid such problems, because it includes the marginal entropies H(A) and H(B). These will have low values when the overlapping part of the images contains only background and high values when it contains anat ...
1452 K - Iranian Journal of Nuclear Medicine
1452 K - Iranian Journal of Nuclear Medicine

... submitted solely to the "Iran J Nucl Med" and have not been published elsewhere previously either in print or electronic format, and are not under consideration by another publication or electronic medium. Submission of an article for publication implies the transfer of the copyright from the author ...
Guideline for Radiation Safety in Interventional Cardiology - J
Guideline for Radiation Safety in Interventional Cardiology - J

... Some types of radiation injuries have no clinical symptoms, and are hence undetectable without appropriate examination. Biologic effects resulting from radiation exposure are classified into stochastic effects and deterministic effects based on the difference between the dose-response relationships. ...
25 Image-Guided/Adaptive Radiotherapy
25 Image-Guided/Adaptive Radiotherapy

... position and with a sampling schedule compatible with the frequency of the temporal variation considered. Commonly, imaging schedule in an adaptive radiotherapy is pre-designed in the treatment protocol based on specifications required for the estimation and evaluation of temporal variation process p ...
The Elbow: Radiographic Imaging Pearls and Pitfalls
The Elbow: Radiographic Imaging Pearls and Pitfalls

... addition, MR imaging, with its superior soft-tissue contrast, is optimally suited to evaluate the supporting softtissue structures and articular cartilage, without the use of ionizing radiation.1,2 Sonography has also shown promise in the evaluation of soft tissues, articular surfaces, detection of ...
Thyroid Gland Tumor Diagnosis at US Elastography
Thyroid Gland Tumor Diagnosis at US Elastography

... elastography for differentiating benign and malignant tumors, with histopathologic analysis as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was institutional review board approved, and each patient gave written informed consent. Fifty-two thyroid gland lesions (22 malignant, 30 benign) i ...
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

... ‹ 2002 The Stratus OCT was introduced and quadrupled the speed 400 axial scans per second ‹ Stratus became the standard for the diagnosis of many retinal diseases and glaucoma ‹ Utilizes time domain technology ...
DICOM for Pathology - Lessons Learned in Radiology
DICOM for Pathology - Lessons Learned in Radiology

... Support 2D (XR) and 3D (CT,MR,PET)   Waveforms and spectra ...
Use of Echocardiography to Evaluate the Cardiac Effects of
Use of Echocardiography to Evaluate the Cardiac Effects of

... to overcome this limitation. Contrast allows enhanced accuracy, reduced interobserver variability, and improved correlation with magnetic resonance imaging measurement of LVEF.20-22 Another major limitation of using LVEF is its dependence on loading conditions that can vary among studies, resulting ...
Pediatric Radiology
Pediatric Radiology

... 1. What percentage of time does the program director spend in the subspecialty? [PR II.A.1.b)] ..... # % 2. Will the program director evaluate the fellow(s) at least quarterly, and provide written feedback at formal semiannual meetings with the fellows? [PR II.A.3.e)] ............................... ...
User Manual Digital Panoramic X
User Manual Digital Panoramic X

... The unit must only be used to take the dental x-ray exposures described in this manual. The unit must NOT be used to take any other x-ray exposures. It is not safe to use the unit to take x-ray exposures, that it is not designed for. Only professionally qualified dental and/or medical personnel are ...
MEASUREMENT OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW USING ARTERIAL
MEASUREMENT OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW USING ARTERIAL

... imaging. Hydrogen nucleus is often used in MRI imaging because it has NMR property and is very abundant in human body because human bodies have high water content. Spins initiate precession, a gyroscopic motion aligns with an axis in the presence of a strong external magnetic field. When a strong ex ...
Radiofrequency Ablation of Aldosteronomas (Conn’s Syndrome): A New Application of IR
Radiofrequency Ablation of Aldosteronomas (Conn’s Syndrome): A New Application of IR

... Common ...
Breast Biopsy
Breast Biopsy

... important role for minimally invasive biopsy is avoiding open biopsy for benign conditions that do not require further intervention or diagnostic efforts. It is useful for those involved in biopsy performance and interpretation to be familiar with the strengths and limitations of each other’s proced ...
Subtraction techniques enable single
Subtraction techniques enable single

... Iodine maps display the local iodine concentration in a contrast-enhanced CT. This is usually achieved by using dual energy CT (DECT) techniques that have been implemented for the assessment of acute PE. Iodine maps from DECT are created by base material decomposition using iodine and soft tissue or ...
SCCT Guidelines for the Interpretation and Reporting of Coronary
SCCT Guidelines for the Interpretation and Reporting of Coronary

... solid basis for classification of the coronary tree and description of stenosis severity in CCTA.1–4 In these instances, established ICA standards have been used with minimal alteration. However, CCTA may also provide information about the presence of extra-luminal plaque and plaque composition that ...
Slides to IAEA Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for
Slides to IAEA Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for

... To measure the signal in a pixel, exclusive of the noise, we may simply Average the value in that pixel over many images to minimize the influence of the noise on the measurement In a similar fashion, we can estimate the noise in a pixel by calculating the Standard Deviation of the value of that pix ...
Quantitation of size of relative myocardial perfusion defect by single
Quantitation of size of relative myocardial perfusion defect by single

... imaging modalities have been proposed to define myocardial perfusion defects.4 SO In this study, we employed single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to externally quantitate myocardial perfusion defects. For imaging of this type a standard gamma camera that rotates about the subject and r ...
Four slice CT scanner comparison report
Four slice CT scanner comparison report

... speeds, these are indicated in the tables. The LightSpeed QX/i is a replacement for the LightSpeed scanner. The performance of the LightSpeed QX/i is expected to follow that of the LightSpeed Plus, with the exception of the availability of 0.5 second scan times, and a limit of 350 mA tube current. P ...
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Medical imaging



Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention. Medical imaging seeks to reveal internal structures hidden by the skin and bones, as well as to diagnose and treat disease. Medical imaging also establishes a database of normal anatomy and physiology to make it possible to identify abnormalities. Although imaging of removed organs and tissues can be performed for medical reasons, such procedures are usually considered part of pathology instead of medical imaging.As a discipline and in its widest sense, it is part of biological imaging and incorporates radiology which uses the imaging technologies of X-ray radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, medical ultrasonography or ultrasound, endoscopy, elastography, tactile imaging, thermography, medical photography and nuclear medicine functional imaging techniques as positron emission tomography.Measurement and recording techniques which are not primarily designed to produce images, such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and others represent other technologies which produce data susceptible to representation as a parameter graph vs. time or maps which contain information about the measurement locations. In a limited comparison these technologies can be considered as forms of medical imaging in another discipline.Up until 2010, 5 billion medical imaging studies had been conducted worldwide. Radiation exposure from medical imaging in 2006 made up about 50% of total ionizing radiation exposure in the United States.In the clinical context, ""invisible light"" medical imaging is generally equated to radiology or ""clinical imaging"" and the medical practitioner responsible for interpreting (and sometimes acquiring) the images is a radiologist. ""Visible light"" medical imaging involves digital video or still pictures that can be seen without special equipment. Dermatology and wound care are two modalities that use visible light imagery. Diagnostic radiography designates the technical aspects of medical imaging and in particular the acquisition of medical images. The radiographer or radiologic technologist is usually responsible for acquiring medical images of diagnostic quality, although some radiological interventions are performed by radiologists.As a field of scientific investigation, medical imaging constitutes a sub-discipline of biomedical engineering, medical physics or medicine depending on the context: Research and development in the area of instrumentation, image acquisition (e.g. radiography), modeling and quantification are usually the preserve of biomedical engineering, medical physics, and computer science; Research into the application and interpretation of medical images is usually the preserve of radiology and the medical sub-discipline relevant to medical condition or area of medical science (neuroscience, cardiology, psychiatry, psychology, etc.) under investigation. Many of the techniques developed for medical imaging also have scientific and industrial applications.Medical imaging is often perceived to designate the set of techniques that noninvasively produce images of the internal aspect of the body. In this restricted sense, medical imaging can be seen as the solution of mathematical inverse problems. This means that cause (the properties of living tissue) is inferred from effect (the observed signal). In the case of medical ultrasonography, the probe consists of ultrasonic pressure waves and echoes that go inside the tissue to show the internal structure. In the case of projectional radiography, the probe uses X-ray radiation, which is absorbed at different rates by different tissue types such as bone, muscle and fat.The term noninvasive is used to denote a procedure where no instrument is introduced into a patient's body which is the case for most imaging techniques used.
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