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An Introduction to Pharmacogenomics
An Introduction to Pharmacogenomics

... •All mutations in kinase domain •Matched tissue showed wild type sequence. No mutations seen in 7 nonresponsive cases analysed •Heterozygous mutations seen in 2 cases. Dominant gain of function mutation •Heterologous expression in Cos-7 cells shows mutant receptors (IC50 = 0.015uM) more sensitive to ...
frontal lobe - Callie Chatterton
frontal lobe - Callie Chatterton

... Commonly caused by closed-head injury Characterized by disinhibited, impulsive behavior, difficulty in controlling their emotions, lacking in judgment and are easily distracted Many patients are incorrectly diagnosed with a ...
Methods S2.
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Economic regulation of the pharmaceutical market (2)
Economic regulation of the pharmaceutical market (2)

... • Non-transparent quality control procedures of import of drugs cause delays and increase the regulatory burden for business. The duration of the procedure increases on the stage of laboratory analysis. • The lack of state liability for damages caused by their activities and practice of unmotivated ...
Drugs for primary generalized epilepsy
Drugs for primary generalized epilepsy

... Note that although biological half-life of diazepam is long, duration of action when used IV is short, because activity is terminated by redistribution ...
THE BRAIN`S CONCEPTS: THE ROLE OF THE SENSORY
THE BRAIN`S CONCEPTS: THE ROLE OF THE SENSORY

... actions themselves. The action of grasping has both a motor component (what you do in grasping) and various perceptual components (what it looks like for someone to grasp and what a graspable object looks like). Although we won’t discuss them here, there are other modalities involved as ...
Broca`s Area in Language, Action, and Music
Broca`s Area in Language, Action, and Music

... Evolutionary Origin of Broca’s Area Neuroanatomic studies of Broca’s area (Fig. 1), and in particular of its pars opercularis (BA44), show that some cytoarchitectonic properties are shared with premotor cortex (BA6). Indeed, the granular cell layer (the IV cortical layer), which is clearly absent in ...
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers - Advantages of the
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers - Advantages of the

... addition to angio I, including bradykinin and other tachykinins and thus inhibition of ACE may result in accumulation of these substrates. Production of angiotensin II can occur through non-ACE pathways as well as through primary ACE pathway, and these alternative pathways are unaffected by ACE inhi ...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
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...  The ultimate goal of antiarrhythmic drug therapy: o Restore normal sinus rhythm and conduction o Prevent more serious and possibly lethal arrhythmias from occurring.  Antiarrhythmic drugs are used to:  decrease conduction velocity  change the duration of the effective refractory period (ERP)  ...
The Cerebral Cortex and Higher Intellectual
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11-Ambrose
11-Ambrose

... 2: Animal Data: Craig WA, Andes DR. Correlation of the magnitude of the AUC24/MIC for 6 fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae with survival and bactericidal activity in an animal model. In Abstracts of the 40th ICAAC, Toronto, Canada, Sept. 1720, 2000. Abstract-289 3: Human Data: Ambrose ...
Polioencephalomalacia PEM: Also known as cerebrocortical
Polioencephalomalacia PEM: Also known as cerebrocortical

... PEM affects young ruminants, usually 2 to 7 months/sheep and from weaning at 6 to 18 months/cattle. Adults animals can also develop it although more sporadically Etiology Several causes have been associated with this disease, including 1-Thiamine deficiency. 2-Sulfur intoxication. 3-Acute lead poiso ...
QT Prolongation Considerations for IM Hospitalists
QT Prolongation Considerations for IM Hospitalists

... stimulated to open. – Allows positively charged Na ions to rush into the cell. – Voltage spike – positively directed change the transmembrane potential – Na channels are voltage dependent. – The speed of the slope determined how fast the next cell will be stimulated to depolarize. – Anything that ca ...
Preview Sample 1
Preview Sample 1

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English  - SciELO México
English - SciELO México

... with an increased firing rate to the medial amygdaline stimulation. The previous exposition to 2-heptanone enhanced the hippocampal response to amygdaline stimulation. According to our results, amygdaline-hippocampal neurons seem to be sensitive to one-assay learning. Behavioral studies using 2-hept ...
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... Why some patients respond good while others not? Why increasing the doses above therapeutic is not more effective? ...
An alarm pheromone increases the responsivity of
An alarm pheromone increases the responsivity of

... with an increased firing rate to the medial amygdaline stimulation. The previous exposition to 2-heptanone enhanced the hippocampal response to amygdaline stimulation. According to our results, amygdaline-hippocampal neurons seem to be sensitive to one-assay learning. Behavioral studies using 2-hept ...
CHAPTER 2 THE NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM
CHAPTER 2 THE NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM

... The neuron can be divided structurally into three parts, each associated with a particular function. (1) The dendrites and the cell body, (2) The axon and (3) The axon terminals. The dendrites form a series of highly branched cell outgrowths connected to the cell body and may be looked upon as an ex ...
A brief version of: “Microstimulation in Visual Area MT: Effects of
A brief version of: “Microstimulation in Visual Area MT: Effects of

...  The paper reports a series of experiments carried out on 3 separate monkeys. In total over 100 separate experiments were carried out. The results were comparable, so this paper presents a selection of the data.  An important goal of the methodology was to activate selectively neurons that had a s ...
Chapter 19 - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group
Chapter 19 - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group

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chasing_the_dragon_grand_rounds2
chasing_the_dragon_grand_rounds2

... • NMDA antagonism at these sites produces acute psychosis which mimics schizophrenia. • It also leads to excess excitatory neurotransmitter release (glutamate, aspartate and glycine) which can cause agitation and seizures. • Inhibits reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin in neurons. • T ...
Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System
Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System

... Italian Americans are very dramatic about their pain Jewish Americans complain a lot about pain. African Americans report higher levels of chronic pain and have a greater sensitivity to acute pain. Asian Americans do not express their pain. ...
REGULATION ON REGISTRATION OF DRUGS
REGULATION ON REGISTRATION OF DRUGS

... medicines manufactured from plants which are processed with the galenic traditional theories and methods or in combination of traditional and modern methods. 2.6.New drugs: are those that are newly found, having effects for prevention and treatment of diseases, but their formulation and structures h ...
Ch14 notes Martini 9e
Ch14 notes Martini 9e

... • Present in only one hemisphere • Receives information from all sensory association areas • Coordinates access to complex visual and auditory memories • Other Integrative Areas • Speech center • Is associated with general interpretive area • Coordinates all vocalization functions • Prefrontal corte ...
The statin class of HMGA CoA reductase inhibitors demonstrate
The statin class of HMGA CoA reductase inhibitors demonstrate

... receptor that has been implicated in statin-mediated responses (Habeos et al. 2005; Handschin and Meyer 2005; Rizzo et al. 2005). As can be seen from figure 2b, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, simvastatin (acid only) and lovastatin (both lactone and acid forms) are all able to elicit a statistically sig ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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