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Kiyatkin-2013
Kiyatkin-2013

... with ongoing physiological processes and their effects depend significantly on the environmental conditions and the activity state associated with drug use. This is especially important for addictive drugs that are self-administered by humans during psycho-physiological activation and under specific ...
Self Assessment Chapter 11 part 2 - CM
Self Assessment Chapter 11 part 2 - CM

... state and are able to open again • Potassium channels are activated and membrane is repolarizing or hyperpolarizing; takes a much larger stimulus to trigger an action potential ...
as a PDF
as a PDF

... facilitates glutamate actions at NMDA receptors [26,27,69,70]. D2 receptor activity attenuates glutamate actions at non-NMDA receptors [26,70]. Since the nonNMDA glutamate activity is necessary before the NMDA receptor can become activated, this selective amplification of the NMDA response should se ...
Hallucinogens - People Server at UNCW
Hallucinogens - People Server at UNCW

... feelings during trip by experimenter’s previous behavior – warm and supportive or suspicious and nonsupportive ...
Gene Section PTPRR (protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, R)
Gene Section PTPRR (protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, R)

... is shown in turquoise and the kinase-interacting motif (KIM) and protein tyrosine phosphatase catalytic domain (PTP) are coloured purple and orange, respectively. The asterisks indicate a conserved furin-like cleavage site and the black dot in the exon 13-derived amino acid sequence represents the e ...
CELL MODEL SYSTEMS IN CHARACTERIZING α2
CELL MODEL SYSTEMS IN CHARACTERIZING α2

... a GPCR results in dynamic biochemical changes within the cell, involving complex signaling pathways that regulate many important cellular functions. Many widely used drugs bind to GPCRs and either activate or block receptor activation, in fact according to some recent estimates, almost half of our c ...
Express Scripts Drug Information & Wellness Center Drug Information Updates
Express Scripts Drug Information & Wellness Center Drug Information Updates

... diabetes treatment guidelines, which has brought about the question concerning data to support its use in this population. Several studies and two meta-analyses 1, 2 were found related to using metformin for adults with type 1 diabetes. The meta-analysis by Vella et al. well summarized the most pert ...
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Biopharmaceutics

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full text pdf
full text pdf

... design of drugs becomes more plausible. A compound can be modified to alter its properties to generate higher activity, lower toxicity, improved specificity, better stability, or an improved half-life in vivo. Modifications can be made in a systematic way to generate structure activity relationships ...
Biopharmaceutics
Biopharmaceutics

... The actual dosing regimen (dose, dosage form, dosing interval) was carefully determined in clinical trials to provide the correct drug ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
View PDF - CiteSeerX

... in performing temporal discrimination tasks.(1,2) Furthermore, systemic modulation of the dopamine system using dopaminergic agonists or antagonists modulates the speed of the clock component.(3,34) More specifically, the degree to which the clock component is slowed down by dopaminergic antagonist ...
Integrator or coincidence detector? The role of the cortical neuron
Integrator or coincidence detector? The role of the cortical neuron

... detection, by contrast, implies that most PSPs do not actually contribute to the generation of output signals, and that the number concept, no information can be carried by the precise of relevant PSPs is small compared to the total number of timing of action potentials. Correlations between the PSP ...
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic

... Modulation of extracellular ionic concentrations has a profound impact on the excitability of neurons and neuronal networks. According to Grafstein’s hypothesis [81], K+ released during intense neuronal firing may accumulate in the interstitial space, depolarize neurons and lead to spike inactivatio ...
SNPsWEB07
SNPsWEB07

... Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ß2adrenergic receptor At least 13 SNPs identified in the human ß2-adrenergic receptor gene Amino acid # 16: Arg homozygotes: 15% Gly homozygotes: 45% ß2-AdR with Gly16 shows greatly increased agonist-induced down-regulation Amino acid #164: Thr homozygotes: 97 ...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla in Glasgow
Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla in Glasgow

... A truly national resource • The Imaging Centre of Excellence will bring together teams of clinical researchers, industry and academics. • It will build on strong collaborations already existing at 1.5T and 3.0T • There is now a strong desire in the industry to drive 7T to clinical especially since ...
drug master file: [18f]fdg
drug master file: [18f]fdg

... 12. What, if any, toxic or pharmacological effects may occur? (Attach pharmacological dose calculations based on data available from published literature or from other valid human studies). (NOTE: If study is being performed under 9C, evidence must be presented that there will be no pharmacological ...
Best Practices: Prescription Drugs and Chronic Pain
Best Practices: Prescription Drugs and Chronic Pain

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Illicit Internet availability of drugs subject to recall and patient safety
Illicit Internet availability of drugs subject to recall and patient safety

... Recently, a rise in overall drug recalls has made this an important global patient safety issue [6, 7]. As an example, a recent study found that 4.2 % of all drugs approved in Canada between 1990 and 2009 were required to be withdrawn due to safety concerns or negative benefit-toharm ratio [8]. Simi ...
Lesson Description - Harvard Life Sciences Outreach Program
Lesson Description - Harvard Life Sciences Outreach Program

... 4.4 Explain how the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, sensory neurons, motor neurons) mediates communication among different parts of the body and mediates the body’s interactions with the environment. Identify the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, and explain generally how it works. 4 ...
2016 MLI Biennial Drug Alch Policy Review
2016 MLI Biennial Drug Alch Policy Review

... Moderate to high doses of alcohol cause marked impairments in higher mental functions severely altering a person’s ability to learn and remember information. Very high doses cause respiratory depression and death. If combined with other depressants of the central nervous system, much lower doses of ...
Diazepam - ACuteTox
Diazepam - ACuteTox

... Diazepam has low solubility in water (0.05 mg/ml), but it is soluble in alcohol (1:25). Major use Diazepam is an antianxiety drug belonging to benzodiazepine family. It is widely used as a sedative, anticonvulsant (to help control epilepsy), anesthetics and muscle relaxant. It may also be used to tr ...
Multiple Drug Ingestion For Suicidal Purpose Alprazolam
Multiple Drug Ingestion For Suicidal Purpose Alprazolam

... hydrobromur (Cipram), oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) and alcohol. She wasn’t tolerant to the effect of that dose alcohol. Although doses of all drugs ingested were not toxic level, their doses higher than their therapeutic doses. Their combination resulted in clinical toxicity. This may be due additive o ...
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Guillain-Barré Syndrome

... improves strength and decreases fatigability. ...
Sedative Hypnotics
Sedative Hypnotics

... Note: Rohypnal is illegal in the United States and is considered to be one of the most addictive of the benzodiazepines. It is 10 times more powerful than valium. ...
Free drug fraction vs. free drug concentration
Free drug fraction vs. free drug concentration

... ratio drug), if fu increases then Ctot decreases but Cfree remains unchanged (Fig. 1). Cfree can only transiently increase until redistribution and elimination of the generally small amount of displaced drug occurs. Such redistribution and elimination phenomena make the in vivo situation radically d ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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