Bonaiuto_Progress-Report_3.31.07
... Many previous models of the basal ganglia focus on either reinforcement learning or action selection however so-called actor-critic models have been presented which provide aspects of both mechanisms (Barto, 1995; Houk et al., 1995). The current model integrates this type of model of the basal gangl ...
... Many previous models of the basal ganglia focus on either reinforcement learning or action selection however so-called actor-critic models have been presented which provide aspects of both mechanisms (Barto, 1995; Houk et al., 1995). The current model integrates this type of model of the basal gangl ...
Glial-Guided Granule Neuron Migration in vitro: A High
... seeded on the second day with purified granule neurons at the ratio of 5-10 neurons per glial cell, cultured an additional day, and observed. Under these conditions, elongated glial forms that supported the migration of granule neurons were present within 24 hr of the addition of granule neurons, an ...
... seeded on the second day with purified granule neurons at the ratio of 5-10 neurons per glial cell, cultured an additional day, and observed. Under these conditions, elongated glial forms that supported the migration of granule neurons were present within 24 hr of the addition of granule neurons, an ...
Do cortical areas emerge from a protocottex?
... The set of output projections of a given neocortical area in the adult is a subset of the projections that it originally elaborates. Although just a subset is retained by a given area, these early, widespread projections are made only to specific sets of targets appropriate for the general class of ...
... The set of output projections of a given neocortical area in the adult is a subset of the projections that it originally elaborates. Although just a subset is retained by a given area, these early, widespread projections are made only to specific sets of targets appropriate for the general class of ...
Aggregate Input-Output Models of Neuronal Populations
... function of environmental and intrinsic factors and have been used to study a wide range of neural systems [8]–[18]. These models are predictive, i.e., one can feed any set of spike train inputs into them, and obtain a set of spike train outputs that obey the stochastic distribution. The PPM model p ...
... function of environmental and intrinsic factors and have been used to study a wide range of neural systems [8]–[18]. These models are predictive, i.e., one can feed any set of spike train inputs into them, and obtain a set of spike train outputs that obey the stochastic distribution. The PPM model p ...
A case for psilocybin
... et al. investigated the effects of a very low dose (1–3 mg/70 kg, placebo-like) versus high dose (22 mg/70 kg) of psilocybin administered five weeks apart in 51 patients diagnosed with lifethreatening cancer and suffering with symptoms of depression and/or anxiety (Griffiths et al., 2016). The group ...
... et al. investigated the effects of a very low dose (1–3 mg/70 kg, placebo-like) versus high dose (22 mg/70 kg) of psilocybin administered five weeks apart in 51 patients diagnosed with lifethreatening cancer and suffering with symptoms of depression and/or anxiety (Griffiths et al., 2016). The group ...
Aerobic Exercise and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Brain
... were provided to the edu-ADHD group but not to the sportsADHD group. These sessions are described in detail in our previous study (16). Briefly, the edu-ADHD subjects attended 12 sessions (S): S1, self-introduction; S2, good behavior and bad behavior; S3, a review of self-behavior; S4, a comparison ...
... were provided to the edu-ADHD group but not to the sportsADHD group. These sessions are described in detail in our previous study (16). Briefly, the edu-ADHD subjects attended 12 sessions (S): S1, self-introduction; S2, good behavior and bad behavior; S3, a review of self-behavior; S4, a comparison ...
292(1):94-106
... Separation’’ Defects (nok, ome, has, zon, atl) In Class 1 mutants, dye injection into the ventricles highlights that distinct locations along the brain tube midline appear to remain shut. We have termed this a defect in ‘‘midline separation’’. After neurulation in wildtype zebrafish, the neural tube ...
... Separation’’ Defects (nok, ome, has, zon, atl) In Class 1 mutants, dye injection into the ventricles highlights that distinct locations along the brain tube midline appear to remain shut. We have termed this a defect in ‘‘midline separation’’. After neurulation in wildtype zebrafish, the neural tube ...
Neurological Manifestations of Mitochondrial Disease
... ATP needed to generate electrical signaling, i.e. nerve action potential. Electrical signal is transferred to chemical signals at the synapse (end of the axon) to either other neurons (in the brain) or neurons and muscle cells outside the brain (in the peripheral nervous system and musculoskeletal s ...
... ATP needed to generate electrical signaling, i.e. nerve action potential. Electrical signal is transferred to chemical signals at the synapse (end of the axon) to either other neurons (in the brain) or neurons and muscle cells outside the brain (in the peripheral nervous system and musculoskeletal s ...
Functional protein micropatterning for drug design
... respect to compatibility with functional protein micropatterning and multiplexing capabilities. In the second part, the authors present the key applications of protein micropatterning techniques in drug discovery with a focus on membrane protein interactions and cellular signaling. Expert opinion: W ...
... respect to compatibility with functional protein micropatterning and multiplexing capabilities. In the second part, the authors present the key applications of protein micropatterning techniques in drug discovery with a focus on membrane protein interactions and cellular signaling. Expert opinion: W ...
JCleary revised CND-INCB-WHO
... preventing the diversion of drugs from licit to illicit markets and in protecting society from the consequences of dependence. However, in many countries equal attention has not been given to the other objective of the treaties — ensuring the adequate availability of controlled substances. Measures ...
... preventing the diversion of drugs from licit to illicit markets and in protecting society from the consequences of dependence. However, in many countries equal attention has not been given to the other objective of the treaties — ensuring the adequate availability of controlled substances. Measures ...
Computing Action Potentials by Phase Interference in
... In this paper, we solely consider conduction by action potentials and their ability to act as compound phase-ternary objects for an artificial neural network. The basic mechanisms of the action potential are covered elsewhere and both the Hodgkin Huxley [1] and APPulse [2] may be used in this model. ...
... In this paper, we solely consider conduction by action potentials and their ability to act as compound phase-ternary objects for an artificial neural network. The basic mechanisms of the action potential are covered elsewhere and both the Hodgkin Huxley [1] and APPulse [2] may be used in this model. ...
Novel Functions of PXR: A Bioinformatic Approach
... The pregnane x receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is well established as being chiefly responsible for the coordinate regulation of xenobiotic metabolism. The promiscuous and prolific nature of the ligand binding domain is such that a wide variety of steroidal molecules will bind to, and activate the receptor. I ...
... The pregnane x receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is well established as being chiefly responsible for the coordinate regulation of xenobiotic metabolism. The promiscuous and prolific nature of the ligand binding domain is such that a wide variety of steroidal molecules will bind to, and activate the receptor. I ...
How Neuroscience Predicts The Spontaneous Remission Of Addiction
... addictive chemicals like heroin or cigarettes and addictive activities like gambling or videogames hijack the reward system of the brain by causing the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, a part of the limbic system. The limbic system feeds into the prefrontal cortex in ways which we will ...
... addictive chemicals like heroin or cigarettes and addictive activities like gambling or videogames hijack the reward system of the brain by causing the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, a part of the limbic system. The limbic system feeds into the prefrontal cortex in ways which we will ...
lmmunocytochemical Mapping of 18236, A Brain
... Attempts to define the specific properties of the nervous system have generally begun with comparative analysis of its chemical or functional differences with cells of other organ systems, Likewise, attempts to clarify the uniquely complex structural organization of the brain were first approached t ...
... Attempts to define the specific properties of the nervous system have generally begun with comparative analysis of its chemical or functional differences with cells of other organ systems, Likewise, attempts to clarify the uniquely complex structural organization of the brain were first approached t ...
Non-human primates in neuroscience research: The case against its
... which sophisticated scanning machines and computers detect changes in blood oxygenation and flow that reflect neural activity. Human fMRI investigations are revealing how areas of the brain interact to transform particular sensory information into specific motor outputs, to achieve goaldirected move ...
... which sophisticated scanning machines and computers detect changes in blood oxygenation and flow that reflect neural activity. Human fMRI investigations are revealing how areas of the brain interact to transform particular sensory information into specific motor outputs, to achieve goaldirected move ...
Introduction to Neurophysiology
... Membrane potential is caused by the separation of charge across the cell membrane (negative inside). The action potential is generated by sequential opening of ion channels based on the membrane voltage. Sodium and potassium gradients determine the membrane voltage. At rest, there is a small passive ...
... Membrane potential is caused by the separation of charge across the cell membrane (negative inside). The action potential is generated by sequential opening of ion channels based on the membrane voltage. Sodium and potassium gradients determine the membrane voltage. At rest, there is a small passive ...
Natural and artificial ion channels for biosensing platforms
... biological receptor can initiate the flow of between several thousands and millions of ions or molecules across the cell membrane. The single-molecule selectivity and specificity of the binding process, together with the expected intrinsic gain factor obtained by utilizing the flow through a channel ...
... biological receptor can initiate the flow of between several thousands and millions of ions or molecules across the cell membrane. The single-molecule selectivity and specificity of the binding process, together with the expected intrinsic gain factor obtained by utilizing the flow through a channel ...
Self Organizing Maps: Fundamentals
... classifications of the training data without external help. To do this we have to assume that class membership is broadly defined by the input patterns sharing common features, and that the network will be able to identify those features across the range of input patterns. One particularly interesti ...
... classifications of the training data without external help. To do this we have to assume that class membership is broadly defined by the input patterns sharing common features, and that the network will be able to identify those features across the range of input patterns. One particularly interesti ...
Agrochemicals against Malaria, Sleeping Sickness, Leishmaniasis
... values were calculated by linear regression from the sigmoidal dose inhibition curves. Benznidazole was used as positive control. Leishmania donovani (Ld). Amastigotes of L. donovani strain MHOM/ET/67/L82 were grown in axenic culture at 37uC in SM medium [31] at pH 5.4 supplemented with 10% heatinac ...
... values were calculated by linear regression from the sigmoidal dose inhibition curves. Benznidazole was used as positive control. Leishmania donovani (Ld). Amastigotes of L. donovani strain MHOM/ET/67/L82 were grown in axenic culture at 37uC in SM medium [31] at pH 5.4 supplemented with 10% heatinac ...
Print this article - University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life
... compensatory mechanism within the nigrostriatal pathway. In fact, partial lesioning is widely known to generate numerous homeostatic responses in the nigrostriatal system, an active process termed neural plasticity [30-32]. For example, vigorous axonal sprouting was observed in rats that had their n ...
... compensatory mechanism within the nigrostriatal pathway. In fact, partial lesioning is widely known to generate numerous homeostatic responses in the nigrostriatal system, an active process termed neural plasticity [30-32]. For example, vigorous axonal sprouting was observed in rats that had their n ...
Sense Organs
... of the brain as having numerous “lines” (nerve fibers) feeding information into it, and each line as being “labeled” to represent a certain modality. All the nerve impulses that arrive at the brain are essentially identical, but impulses arriving on one line have a different meaning than impulses ar ...
... of the brain as having numerous “lines” (nerve fibers) feeding information into it, and each line as being “labeled” to represent a certain modality. All the nerve impulses that arrive at the brain are essentially identical, but impulses arriving on one line have a different meaning than impulses ar ...
“Strategies for the Discovery of Novel Anti-Infective Agents”
... The control of infectious disease has largely been viewed as a “solved problem” from the context of many major pharmaceutical companies. Indeed, the inability of for-profit antimicrobial research programs to deliver blockbuster drugs has led to the excision of these programs from many major pharmace ...
... The control of infectious disease has largely been viewed as a “solved problem” from the context of many major pharmaceutical companies. Indeed, the inability of for-profit antimicrobial research programs to deliver blockbuster drugs has led to the excision of these programs from many major pharmace ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... 2014). However, these methods are typically limited in their ability to achieve a combination of fine spatial resolution, extended recording durations, and elaborate identification of cell types. As an alternative, two-photon calcium imaging has provided a complementary assay for monitoring activity ...
... 2014). However, these methods are typically limited in their ability to achieve a combination of fine spatial resolution, extended recording durations, and elaborate identification of cell types. As an alternative, two-photon calcium imaging has provided a complementary assay for monitoring activity ...
The Why and How of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
... unseverable relation between pharmacodynamic effects (what the drug does to the organism) and pharmacokinetic effects (what the organism does to the drug) (Figure 1).12–14 For much more than a century, these two components of the interaction between drug and organism were investigated separately and ...
... unseverable relation between pharmacodynamic effects (what the drug does to the organism) and pharmacokinetic effects (what the organism does to the drug) (Figure 1).12–14 For much more than a century, these two components of the interaction between drug and organism were investigated separately and ...
Mirror Neurons: Findings and Functions
... In humans, two mirror neuron systems have been identified by brain imaging studies. The first one is situated in the parietal lobe, the premotor cortex and the pars opecularis. The pars opecularis, also called Broca’s Area, includes the IPL and the caudal part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and ...
... In humans, two mirror neuron systems have been identified by brain imaging studies. The first one is situated in the parietal lobe, the premotor cortex and the pars opecularis. The pars opecularis, also called Broca’s Area, includes the IPL and the caudal part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and ...