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PIERIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
PIERIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

... forward-looking ability to establish statements collaborations; by terminology our expectations including regarding “anticipates,” the time “believes,” which we “can,” will“continue,” be an emerging “could,” growth “estimates,” company “expects,” under the JOBS “intends,” Act; “may,” our use “plans, ...
The importance of residence and recognition time of drug
The importance of residence and recognition time of drug

... 6. The “slowness” of the off-rate should be judged in relation to the time constant of the biological system and the effect wanted 7. Rapid on-rate is important if the bioavailability is low or if a rapid effect is needed 8. There is also a wealth of other information in the Biacore™/MicroCal™ measu ...
Cranial Nerve I
Cranial Nerve I

... • At this junction the NT that is released is the Ach • Innervation of visceral muscle and glands • Junctions between autonomic motor endings and their effectors – smooth and cardiac muscles and glands • Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are used as neurotransmitters • Tend to response slower than th ...
June - Acetylon Pharmaceuticals
June - Acetylon Pharmaceuticals

... Combination with Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma  ‐‐Data Presented at 21st Congress of the European Hematology Association—  BOSTON – June 13, 2016 – Acetylon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., the leader in the development of selective  histone  deacetylase  (HDAC)  inhibit ...
Discovery of a Proneurogenic, Neuroprotective
Discovery of a Proneurogenic, Neuroprotective

... structural changes that abolished activity. In all graphs, data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ...
Vertical Organization of r=Aminobutyric Acid
Vertical Organization of r=Aminobutyric Acid

... In which axoplasmic transport was inhibited support this interpretatlon (see below). In addition to labeling of cell bodies at a distance, many sections contained vertical aggregations of silver grains, ascending from deep or descending from superficial injection sites (see Fig. 48). Chains of silve ...
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Introduction to Psychology
Introduction to Psychology

... What happens during an action potential? The axon membrane is pierced by tiny tunnels or “holes,” called ion channels. Normally, these tiny openings are blocked by molecules that act like “gates” or “doors.” During an action potential, the gates pop open. This allows sodium ions (Na⫹) to rush into t ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo

... of TMN neurons is state-dependent, active during waking, silent during sleep. Thyrotropinreleasing hormone (TRH) promotes arousal and combats sleepiness associated with narcolepsy. Single-cell RT-PCR (scRT-PCR) demonstrated variable expression of the two known TRH receptors in the majority of TMN ne ...
Descending Tracts - Bell`s Palsy
Descending Tracts - Bell`s Palsy

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Smooth Muscle
Smooth Muscle

... • Some types of smooth muscle cells generate action potentials spontaneously in the absence of any neural or hormonal input. • The membrane potential change occurring during the spontaneous depolarization to threshold is known as a pacemaker potential. • Other smooth muscle pacemaker cells have a sl ...
The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer`s Disease: Progress and
The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer`s Disease: Progress and

... models. Metastable intermediates in the formation of fibrils by synthetic A␤—referred to as AD diffusable ligands (ADDLs) (56) or protofibrils (57)—cause subtle injury to cultured neurons. That such prefibrillar assemblies might also be neurotoxic in vivo seems plausible in view of the synaptic, ele ...
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... DISCUSSION Disorders of the CNS are complex disease states. They are a major challenge for clinical medicine and drug discovery. Pathology is the result of multiple factors, which include environmental, genetic, and epigenetic imbalance in excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmission and alteration in ...
Muscle - ISpatula
Muscle - ISpatula

...  Cytosolic Ca+2 is removed by Active transport using Ca+2 pump into SR. *some diseases cause paralysis by interfering with the excitation of the skeletal muscles by the motor neuron (at the neuromuscular junction): 1. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS (also called Lou Gehrig’s disease): the motor n ...
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Chapter 15 Autonomic NS
Chapter 15 Autonomic NS

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Chapter 48
Chapter 48

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BCM Theory
BCM Theory

... Unlike our initial expectation, which envisioned some weighted contributions from both scales, we did not see any significant contribution of the short time scale in learned cerebellar timing (Supplementary Figure S1). See text for further explanations. Note 2. Normal behavior of the cerebellar netw ...
A neuropsychological theory of metaphor
A neuropsychological theory of metaphor

... structural-realist solution is to say that the distinctions we make among different hues (ÔhueÕ being a phenomenal term) are just those distinctions made among wavelengths by the physical sensory and interpretive apparatus. (See Schnitzer, 1978, 1982, 1986 for further discussion of this approach as i ...
relating nerve cells to behavior
relating nerve cells to behavior

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Saliency, switching, attention and control

... developing a deeper understanding of intrinsic brain architecture that influences cognitive and affective information processing (Fox and Raichle 2007; Greicius et al. 2003). This research suggests that the human brain is intrinsically organized into distinct functional networks that support complex ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Reduces Amyloidogenic
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Reduces Amyloidogenic

... expression of total TrkB but a distinct increase in the active phosphorylated receptor variant (p-TrkB) in both genotypes (Fig. 6) (Knusel et al., 1997). As described previously (Ge and Lahiri, 2002; Ruiz-León and Pascual, 2004), application of BDNF also raised neuronal APP levels in our experiment ...
DO WE HAVE TO TREAT POST-TRAUMATIC
DO WE HAVE TO TREAT POST-TRAUMATIC

... treatment. Seizure frequency in the first year after injury predicted future severity of seizures. Epilepsy resulting from brain trauma is often difficult to control with medical therapy, and is the cause of epilepsy in approximately 5% of patients referred to specialized epilepsy centers (Semah et ...
Anti-infective potential of natural products: How
Anti-infective potential of natural products: How

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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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