• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Imitating others by composition of primitive actions: a neuro
Imitating others by composition of primitive actions: a neuro

... in which necessary motor commands might be obtained by means of inverse computation. On the other hand, the prediction of visual image would generate visual mental imagery for future of which signal might descend the visual pathway in top-down manner. PFC might utilize the visual mental imagery gene ...
From Hydra Regeneration to Human Brain Structural
From Hydra Regeneration to Human Brain Structural

... Regeneration is the best strategy to maintain form and function throughout life. Histologically, it is a process that restores the interrupted continuity of a missing organ mass, yielding new fully functional tissue (perfect regeneration). However, many complex tissues undergo repair instead of rege ...
PDF
PDF

... background, as well as from activity on later trials, for both unexpected reward and reward omission (P values < 0.01). Furthermore, the distribution of difference scores comparing each neuron’s firing early and late in the block was shifted significantly above zero for unexpected reward (Fig. 3e; W ...
GHB - CAP Members
GHB - CAP Members

... GHB and its analogues are abused for their euphoric and calming effects and because some people believe they build muscles and cause weight loss. GHB and its analogues are also misused for their ability to increase libido, suggestibility, passivity, and to cause amnesia (no memory of events while un ...
The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex
The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex

... were correlated, variations in neuronal density in the cerebral cortex were not related to A (␳ ⫽ ⫺0.127, P ⫽ 0.7026, Spearman rank correlation; Fig. 2c). As found previously for a subgroup of these primate species (19), variations in neuronal density also were not related to cortical mass (M) (␳ ⫽ ...
The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes
The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes

... lives, this reaction occurs in many situations involving arousal, competition, stress, danger, anger, or fear. Ordinarily, however, the sympathetic division has more subtle effects that we notice barely, if at all. The parasympathetic division, by comparison, has a calming effect on many body functi ...
The structure and connexions of neurons
The structure and connexions of neurons

... (a) As nature, in order to assure and amplify the contacts, has created complicated systems of pericellular ramifications (systems which become incomprehensible within the hypothesis of continuity), it must be admitted that the nerve currents are transmitted from one element to the other as a conseq ...
antimicrobial activty of sarcostemma acidum voigt.
antimicrobial activty of sarcostemma acidum voigt.

... susceptibility testing is to provide a reliable predictor of how an organism is likely to respond to antimicrobial therapy in the infected host. This type of information aids in selecting and developing the appropriate antimicrobial agent as well as provides data for epidemiological surveillance. Th ...
Homeopathy for the control of plant pathogens
Homeopathy for the control of plant pathogens

... indicate a systemic resistance, when it manifest far from the inducing agent was applied [38]. By the homeopathic science, any disturbance caused to the plant, both by biotic and/or abiotic agents, affects their regulatory systems, so, the plant is submitted to a certain stress (biotic or abiotic), ...
Coding in the Granular Layer of the Cerebellum
Coding in the Granular Layer of the Cerebellum

... fiber pathways, with delays of the respective peak responses which are similar to those observed in the field potential recordings. The large receptive fields observed in Golgi cell recordings are probably due to the activation of each Golgi cell by parallel fibers originating from patches with diff ...
министерство здравоохранения республики беларусь
министерство здравоохранения республики беларусь

... Diazepam — is an agonist at an allosteric benzodiazepine site which is an integral part of the GABAA receptor — CI- channel complex. The benzodiazepine receptor increases the frequency of Cl- channel opening, and enhances GABA induced hyper-polarization (i. e. have only GABA facilitatory, but no GAB ...
Polyesters and polyester carbonates for controlled drug delivery
Polyesters and polyester carbonates for controlled drug delivery

... biocompatibility and repetition in processing, must be considered as well [1]. Thus, there are some biodegradable drug delivery systems currently on the market, but there are still many challenges to consider and overcome in order to develop biodegradable implants that are able to provide prolonged ...
Thermogenesis in human skeletal muscle as
Thermogenesis in human skeletal muscle as

... lateralis muscle was found to be significantly decreased by non-selective j3-adrenoceptor blockade but not by p,-selective blockade. Thus, mainly &receptors seem to be involved in the process. The lack of thermogenic inhibition after medication with the non-selective /%blocker pindolol was probably ...
Building a mechanistic model of the development and function of the
Building a mechanistic model of the development and function of the

... processing pathway to V1, including circuitry in the retina (including the retinal ganglion cells), optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus, and optic radiations to V1. Because the focus of the model is to explain cortical development given its thalamic input, the properties of these RGC/LGN cells a ...
Analgesic Activities of Methanol Extract of Terminalia chebula Fruit
Analgesic Activities of Methanol Extract of Terminalia chebula Fruit

... Herbal drugs are manufactured from fresh or dried plants having interrelated compounds that work together. In comparison pharmaceutical drugs are solitary compounds that are often synthetic in nature. Herbal drug expert treated their patient using herbs, food and lifestyles modifications to cure thr ...
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat

... cortex (Palmer et al., 1978) and of areas 20 and 21 (Heath and Jones, 1971; Tusa and Palmer, 1980). This is unfortunate since, in behavioral experiments, Berlucchi et al. (1979) showed that the callosal connections of the cat’s suprasylvian cortex (including the lateral suprasylvian visual areas and ...
Catecholamines and conditioned blocking: effects of ventral
Catecholamines and conditioned blocking: effects of ventral

... Impaired performance on tasks of learned inattention has been reported after non-specific damage and electrical stimulation of the septum and hippocampus 1'12'43'57-59'66'72 (contrast ref. 21). Evidence from pharmacological interventions suggests that these impairments may arise from interference wi ...
Basal ganglia contributions to motor control: a - Research
Basal ganglia contributions to motor control: a - Research

... projects to the frontal cortex including parts of the premotor and primary motor cortex. (b) Internal connectivity of the BG motor circuit (front subpanel) showing principal pathways only. Direct and indirect pathways start in projection neurons of the putamen (part of the striatum) that express D1- ...
Antiepilepsy Drugs: pharmacodynamics and
Antiepilepsy Drugs: pharmacodynamics and

... are essentially equally efficacious, but some statistically significant differences can be found in tolerability and side effects.4–7 The great majority of industry-sponsored clinical trials are designed as placebo-controlled, add-on therapy, prospective trials in subjects whose seizures are not wel ...
pigmentation disorder
pigmentation disorder

... •Tcf4, Lef1, Tcfap2a/Ap2a are upregulated • ErbB3 •AGRP (agouti related protein) •Responsible for lighter phenotypes in humans => ↗ risk of skin cancer • Down- regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in repair of DNA damage. => genes increased by ASIP implicated in various cancers ...
Inhibition of Cytochromes P450 by Cyclopropylamines
Inhibition of Cytochromes P450 by Cyclopropylamines

... are inserted into P450 substrates en route to making them more hydrophilic and thus more easily excreted. Cyclopropylamines irreversibly inhibit cytochromes P450, acting as P450 substrates, but rendering the enzyme inactive through their metabolic intermediates. In order to learn more about the proc ...
Maternal Influenza Viral Infection Causes Schizophrenia
Maternal Influenza Viral Infection Causes Schizophrenia

... Indeed, LSD effects were one of the earliest models of schizophrenia (Keeler, 1965), and are currently believed to model the symptoms that occur at the onset of this disorder (Geyer and Vollenweider, 2008). Preclinical findings in rodents have demonstrated that metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu2/ ...
File
File

... nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. In general, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems have opposite effects on each organ they influence. The two systems produce a level of fine control that coordinates organs throughout the body. For example, heart rate is increased by the ...
Acute elevations of brain kynurenic acid impair cognitive flexibility
Acute elevations of brain kynurenic acid impair cognitive flexibility

... (100 mg/kg, i.p.). While experiment 1 utilized Ringer’s solution for dialysis perfusion and experiment 3 utilized aCSF, our previous study (Zmarowski et al. 2009) demonstrated that the effects of kynurenine on kynurenic acid and glutamate levels is unaffected by the choice of Ringer’s or aCSF as the ...
Computing with Spiking Neuron Networks
Computing with Spiking Neuron Networks

... its detailed workings are the subject of interest in fields as diverse as the study of neurophysiology, consciousness, and of course artificial intelligence. Less grand in scope, and more focused on the functional detail, artificial neural networks attempt to capture the essential computations that ...
< 1 ... 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 ... 1329 >

Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report