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Amphetamine-Type Stimulants: A Global Review, 1996
Amphetamine-Type Stimulants: A Global Review, 1996

... known about their consumption indeed suggests that they are used, or abused, precisely because they combine these effects. Further compounding the analytical problem is the fact that they do not have any officially recognized therapeutic value. Yet the extent of their illicit consumption appears to ...
“PODOPHYLLUM HEXANDRUM”  Review Article PARVAIZ H QAZI*, ABILA RASHID, SAMI A SHAWL
“PODOPHYLLUM HEXANDRUM” Review Article PARVAIZ H QAZI*, ABILA RASHID, SAMI A SHAWL

... Podophyllum hexandrum a perennial herb, bearing the common name Himalayan Mayapple known as Aindri (a divine drug) in ancient times is native to the lower elevations in and surrounding the Himalaya. It has been reported to be used through the ages and in modern times as an intestinal purgative and e ...
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

... BTX-A.[68] [71] Clinical recovery of function requires about 3 to 6 months, at which time the muscle returns to about 70% to 80% of its original bulk.[33] Sprouting and remodeling may continue for up to 3 years.[72] [73] ...
Synthesis and in vitro activities of a new antiviral duplex drug linking
Synthesis and in vitro activities of a new antiviral duplex drug linking

... PFA were combined than when the drugs were used alone.15 The first synthesized antiviral molecules linking AZT and PFA were conjugates, in which the carboxyl or phosphonyl group of PFA ester derivatives was directly covalently linked to the 50 -hydroxyl group of AZT or other inhibitory dideoxynucleos ...
Therapeutic and pharmacological potential of Foeniculum vulgare Mill
Therapeutic and pharmacological potential of Foeniculum vulgare Mill

... Of the pharmacological effects of fennel plant, antiinflammatory activity can be noted. Research has shown that the methanol extract of fennel has antiinflammatory effects. Oral administration of 200 mg per kg of methanol extract of fennel fruit shows inhibitory effects on acute and subacute inflamm ...
Chapter_091
Chapter_091

... Amphotericin B ...
Chapter 16 Cholinesterase Inhibitors
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4 Aqueous Extract of Human Placenta as a Therapeutic Agent Piyali Datta Chakraborty
4 Aqueous Extract of Human Placenta as a Therapeutic Agent Piyali Datta Chakraborty

... modulating prostaglandin (PG) production by suppression of cyclooxygenase (COX). Kinins, chemical mediators of nonimmunological type of inflammation, have two membrane receptor B1 and B2, for their activities. It has been reported that in cotton pellet induced subacute inflammation model, the extrac ...
PHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN
PHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN

... Allodynia. Allodynia is pain resulting from a stimulus that does not normally produce pain. For example, light touch to sunburned skin produces pain because nociceptors in the skin have been sensitized as a result of reducing the threshold of the silent nociceptors. Another explanation of allodynia ...
Effects of Fructose vs Glucose on Regional
Effects of Fructose vs Glucose on Regional

... food intake via differential effects on hypothalamic malonyl coenzyme A–signaling pathways.12 How brain regions associated with fructose- and glucosemediated changes in animal feeding behaviors translates to humans is not completely understood. New technologies are available to facilitate translatio ...
PART II
PART II

... have caused serious disease or other problems (WHO). A “brief intervention” is a structured therapy of short duration aimed at assisting an individual to cease or reduce the use of a psychoactive substance or to deal with other life issues (WHO). “Coverage” describes the extent to which an intervent ...
PART II - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
PART II - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

... have caused serious disease or other problems (WHO). A “brief intervention” is a structured therapy of short duration aimed at assisting an individual to cease or reduce the use of a psychoactive substance or to deal with other life issues (WHO). “Coverage” describes the extent to which an intervent ...
Module 1 - Introduction to Epilepsy Basic Principles
Module 1 - Introduction to Epilepsy Basic Principles

...  Genetic  Vascular diseases affecting the brain’s blood vessels  Neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid) imbalance ...
as a PDF
as a PDF

... not be the substrate of CYP2J2, because it would otherwise add unnecessary complexity in both experimental design and data analysis. Unfortunately, only very few marketed drugs are found to be nonCYP2J2 substrate, but exhibit potent and selective CYP2J2 inhibition. In one study, Lafite et al. report ...
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH PrZOLOFT® (sertraline hydrochloride) 25
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... The mechanism of action of sertraline is presumed to be linked to its ability to inhibit the neuronal reuptake of serotonin. It has only very weak effects on norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal reuptake. At clinical doses, sertraline blocks the uptake of serotonin into human platelets. Like most cl ...
Theta Modulation in the Medial and the Lateral Entorhinal Cortices
Theta Modulation in the Medial and the Lateral Entorhinal Cortices

... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
[27] Kumar, RMNV- Eds. Handbook of Particulate Drug Delivery,2008
[27] Kumar, RMNV- Eds. Handbook of Particulate Drug Delivery,2008

... The molecular basis for the essential role of cholesterol in mammalian (and other cholesterolrequiring) cells has long been the object of intense interest. Cholesterol has been found to modulate the function of membrane proteins critical to cellular function. Current literature supports two mechanis ...
Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Headaches
Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Headaches

... — Abnormal calcium channels that influence presynaptic neurotransmitter release — Abnormal glutamate metabolism — Deficiency of systemic and brain magnesium ...
Nuedexta Prescribing Information
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... mg combination (N=110) compared to placebo (N=109). Approximately 60% of patients had ALS and 40% had MS. Patients were 25 to 80 years of age, with a mean age of approximately 51 years. Three (3) ALS patients in each drug treatment arm and 1 ALS patient in the placebo arm died during the 12-week pla ...
Gamma Oscillations in the Hippocampus
Gamma Oscillations in the Hippocampus

... with each theta cycle providing a discrete unit for sensory information processing in the brain (see Ref. 44 for a review). The second type of synchronization mechanism seen in the hippocampus during alert behaviors is the relatively fast gamma oscillation (⬃25–140 Hz). Gamma oscillations in the hip ...
Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery MR Imaging and Subarachnoid
Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery MR Imaging and Subarachnoid

... readily available than are CT scanners. Often, unstable or irritable patients do not readily/easily undergo MR imaging. In cases in which the patient is more stable, MR imaging may be superior to CT in detecting blood in the CSF because the attenuation changes shown on CT scans resolve more rapidly ...
Sympathetic Division
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...  Sympathetic Stimulation and the Release of NE and E  Alpha-1 (1)  More common type of alpha receptor  Releases intracellular calcium ions from reserves in endoplasmic reticulum  Has excitatory effect on target cell ...
THESIS FILESObesity is a medical condition in
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... increasing thermogenesis (heat production). Thermogenesis is the method by which the body "wastes" calories. There is evidence that the level of diet-induced thermogenesis is what determines whether an individual is likely to be overweight. In lean individuals, a meal may stimulate up to a forty-per ...
Microfluidic-Based Multi-Organ Platforms for Drug Discovery
Microfluidic-Based Multi-Organ Platforms for Drug Discovery

... In this review, we briefly describe the main principles of PBPK-PD modeling and discuss groups of tissues that can be adequate candidates for a particular PBPK-PD model structure. We further provide an overview of the design principles that can be extended to develop protocols for fabricating the ne ...
T3 Not 4 Me
T3 Not 4 Me

... significantly will affect conversion rate of codeine into morphine *2007 Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure 5th Ed Aronoff GR, Bennett WM, et al **http://www.merck.com/mmpe/lexicomp/codeine.html ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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