November 2008 - Otterbein University
... • Henrietta Leavitt (1908) discovers the period-luminosity relationship for Cepheid variables • Period thus tells us luminosity, which then tells us the distance • Since Cepheids are ...
... • Henrietta Leavitt (1908) discovers the period-luminosity relationship for Cepheid variables • Period thus tells us luminosity, which then tells us the distance • Since Cepheids are ...
Homework #4 (Ch. 16)
... rays. Because the gas in the core is totally ionized, it is transparent to radiation and so the radiation passes through it freely. But as we get closer to the surface, the temperature drops, and more and more of the gas is not ionized or only partially ionized. Such a gas is opaque to radiation. At ...
... rays. Because the gas in the core is totally ionized, it is transparent to radiation and so the radiation passes through it freely. But as we get closer to the surface, the temperature drops, and more and more of the gas is not ionized or only partially ionized. Such a gas is opaque to radiation. At ...
Chandra Sees the Atmosphere of a Neutron Star - Chandra X
... star is only 14 miles (23 kilometers) in diameter, and is as dense as an atomic nucleus (100 trillion gm/cc). The atmosphere is only about four inches (10 cm) thick, has a density similar to diamond (3.5 gm/cc), and a temperature of nearly 2 million Kelvin. The surface gravity on the neutron star is ...
... star is only 14 miles (23 kilometers) in diameter, and is as dense as an atomic nucleus (100 trillion gm/cc). The atmosphere is only about four inches (10 cm) thick, has a density similar to diamond (3.5 gm/cc), and a temperature of nearly 2 million Kelvin. The surface gravity on the neutron star is ...
E:\2012-2013\SSU\PHS 207spring 2013\3rd test 4
... stars much older than 10 billion years and that others are 2nd and 3rd generation stars that could NOT have developed in just 10 billion years ...
... stars much older than 10 billion years and that others are 2nd and 3rd generation stars that could NOT have developed in just 10 billion years ...
Lecture 12
... The relationship between redshift and distance is linear for low values of z, but becomes rather complex when we look at very distant objects (very far back in time). As the Universe expands the value of H0 changes as the geometry of the Universe changes. Partly this is a ‘standard’ result from appl ...
... The relationship between redshift and distance is linear for low values of z, but becomes rather complex when we look at very distant objects (very far back in time). As the Universe expands the value of H0 changes as the geometry of the Universe changes. Partly this is a ‘standard’ result from appl ...
PROGRESS TOWARDS THE VINDICATION OF PANSPERMIA 1
... accommodated in a single comet would be some 1028 . A viable fraction as small as one part in 1018 would still yield some ten billion bacteria for each newly formed comet. If replication can occur within the comet, the previous history of interstellar destructive processes becomes irrelevant, becaus ...
... accommodated in a single comet would be some 1028 . A viable fraction as small as one part in 1018 would still yield some ten billion bacteria for each newly formed comet. If replication can occur within the comet, the previous history of interstellar destructive processes becomes irrelevant, becaus ...
File - Philosophy, Theology, History, Science, Big
... overwhelmingly more probable that we should be observing a much different universe then we in fact observe. If our universe were but one member of a collection of randomly ordered worlds, then it is vastly more probable that we should be observing a much much smaller universe (Penrose, Road to Reali ...
... overwhelmingly more probable that we should be observing a much different universe then we in fact observe. If our universe were but one member of a collection of randomly ordered worlds, then it is vastly more probable that we should be observing a much much smaller universe (Penrose, Road to Reali ...
Lesson Overviews and Content Standards
... galaxies students will move from the 1 to 10 billion scale model used with stars to one showing the size of the Milky Way in comparison to the spacing between galaxies in the Local Group. Images of our galactic neighbors are provided for the teacher to enrich the introduction to galaxies beyond our ...
... galaxies students will move from the 1 to 10 billion scale model used with stars to one showing the size of the Milky Way in comparison to the spacing between galaxies in the Local Group. Images of our galactic neighbors are provided for the teacher to enrich the introduction to galaxies beyond our ...
the May 2017 Newsletter!
... started, Io disappeared into occultation i.e it moved into Jupiter’s shadow. Although the disappearance was not observed, it would have occurred before Io reached Jupiter’s limb. Amongst other things, we did a tour of double stars and clusters, and more or less repeated the tour for the later comers ...
... started, Io disappeared into occultation i.e it moved into Jupiter’s shadow. Although the disappearance was not observed, it would have occurred before Io reached Jupiter’s limb. Amongst other things, we did a tour of double stars and clusters, and more or less repeated the tour for the later comers ...
Cosmology Notes
... 0 = 1 + (-1). Mathematically, something from nothing seems possible with opposites. This seems to violate the first law of thermodynamics (which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed). Can we find an example of nothing to something or something to nothing in nature? ...
... 0 = 1 + (-1). Mathematically, something from nothing seems possible with opposites. This seems to violate the first law of thermodynamics (which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed). Can we find an example of nothing to something or something to nothing in nature? ...
Earth_Universe04
... • Amount of the Doppler shift indicates the rate of movement • Large Doppler shift indicates a high velocity • Small Doppler shift indicates a lower velocity ...
... • Amount of the Doppler shift indicates the rate of movement • Large Doppler shift indicates a high velocity • Small Doppler shift indicates a lower velocity ...
- Schwab`s Writings
... time (not slowing down, not accelerating, but always flowing at a constant rate in the vastness of the universe over the past 14 billion years – at least as far as is inferred from observations 11). The fact (see Relativity Theory) that time flows at a constant rate for any one observer, but appears ...
... time (not slowing down, not accelerating, but always flowing at a constant rate in the vastness of the universe over the past 14 billion years – at least as far as is inferred from observations 11). The fact (see Relativity Theory) that time flows at a constant rate for any one observer, but appears ...
1 - UCSC Physics - University of California, Santa Cruz
... most stringent tests yet, and it has passed each one with flying colors. Radio observations show that a recently discovered binary pulsar is behaving in lockstep accordance with Einstein's theory of gravity in at least four different ways, including the emission of gravitational waves and bizarre ef ...
... most stringent tests yet, and it has passed each one with flying colors. Radio observations show that a recently discovered binary pulsar is behaving in lockstep accordance with Einstein's theory of gravity in at least four different ways, including the emission of gravitational waves and bizarre ef ...
Fundamentals of Atmospheric Chemistry and Astrochemistry
... More hydrogen and helium formed as the universe continued to cool. By the time it had cooled to around 500 K, somewhere between 200 million and 1 billion years after the big bang, hydrogen and helium started to coalesce under the force of gravity into giant gas clouds4. Once the ga ...
... More hydrogen and helium formed as the universe continued to cool. By the time it had cooled to around 500 K, somewhere between 200 million and 1 billion years after the big bang, hydrogen and helium started to coalesce under the force of gravity into giant gas clouds4. Once the ga ...
CHAPTER 20
... dioxide, but it also contains some of the most corrosive acids known. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere traps thermal energy from sunlight in a process known as the greenhouse effect. This is why the surface temperature is so high. With an average temperature of 4640 C, Venus has the hottest surf ...
... dioxide, but it also contains some of the most corrosive acids known. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere traps thermal energy from sunlight in a process known as the greenhouse effect. This is why the surface temperature is so high. With an average temperature of 4640 C, Venus has the hottest surf ...
Space and Technology
... • When the ball of particles gets hot enough, hydrogen gas will begin changing into ______ helium ________ and a large amount of energy ______ will be released long • Stars live a extremely _____ time – but not forever • __________ - an explosion that occurs at the supernova end of a stars life – pa ...
... • When the ball of particles gets hot enough, hydrogen gas will begin changing into ______ helium ________ and a large amount of energy ______ will be released long • Stars live a extremely _____ time – but not forever • __________ - an explosion that occurs at the supernova end of a stars life – pa ...
Observational Overview
... through starlight are called normal galaxies and can be observed to distances of a few thousand Mpc. In the 1940’s, it was realised by astronomer Carl Seyfert that the light output from some galaxies was quite different. These galaxies have much brighter nuclei than normal – called Seyfert galaxies ...
... through starlight are called normal galaxies and can be observed to distances of a few thousand Mpc. In the 1940’s, it was realised by astronomer Carl Seyfert that the light output from some galaxies was quite different. These galaxies have much brighter nuclei than normal – called Seyfert galaxies ...
CHAPTER 20
... dioxide, but it also contains some of the most corrosive acids known. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere traps thermal energy from sunlight in a process known as the greenhouse effect. This is why the surface temperature is so high. With an average temperature of 4640 C, Venus has the hottest surf ...
... dioxide, but it also contains some of the most corrosive acids known. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere traps thermal energy from sunlight in a process known as the greenhouse effect. This is why the surface temperature is so high. With an average temperature of 4640 C, Venus has the hottest surf ...
Completing the Census of Exoplanetary Systems with
... understand planet formation and evolution. – Most giant planets likely formed beyond the snow line. – Place our solar system in context. – Water for habitable planets likely delivered from beyond the snow line. – Understand the frequency of planet formation in different environments. ...
... understand planet formation and evolution. – Most giant planets likely formed beyond the snow line. – Place our solar system in context. – Water for habitable planets likely delivered from beyond the snow line. – Understand the frequency of planet formation in different environments. ...
Outer space
Outer space, or just space, is the void that exists between celestial bodies, including the Earth. It is not completely empty, but consists of a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is 2.7 kelvin (K). Plasma with a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic metre and a temperature of millions of kelvin in the space between galaxies accounts for most of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in outer space; local concentrations have condensed into stars and galaxies. In most galaxies, observations provide evidence that 90% of the mass is in an unknown form, called dark matter, which interacts with other matter through gravitational but not electromagnetic forces. Data indicates that the majority of the mass-energy in the observable Universe is a poorly understood vacuum energy of space which astronomers label dark energy. Intergalactic space takes up most of the volume of the Universe, but even galaxies and star systems consist almost entirely of empty space.There is no firm boundary where space begins. However the Kármán line, at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) above sea level, is conventionally used as the start of outer space in space treaties and for aerospace records keeping. The framework for international space law was established by the Outer Space Treaty, which was passed by the United Nations in 1967. This treaty precludes any claims of national sovereignty and permits all states to freely explore outer space. Despite the drafting of UN resolutions for the peaceful uses of outer space, anti-satellite weapons have been tested in Earth orbit.Humans began the physical exploration of space during the 20th century with the advent of high-altitude balloon flights, followed by manned rocket launches. Earth orbit was first achieved by Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union in 1961 and unmanned spacecraft have since reached all of the known planets in the Solar System. Due to the high cost of getting into space, manned spaceflight has been limited to low Earth orbit and the Moon.Outer space represents a challenging environment for human exploration because of the dual hazards of vacuum and radiation. Microgravity also has a negative effect on human physiology that causes both muscle atrophy and bone loss. In addition to these health and environmental issues, the economic cost of putting objects, including humans, into space is high.