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lecture1
lecture1

... sky should have the same surface brightness of the sun, your average Joe star, e.g. the Sun... [Blackboard] ...
To, Mr. Prasad Modak We are group of students from Physics
To, Mr. Prasad Modak We are group of students from Physics

... 146.9 million kilometers from the earth was formed around 4.57 billion years ago and will still live for coming 5 billion years. Does that mean coming billion generations has nothing to worry about their survival? No, not at all. In fact, very small amount of mass when ejected from the sun can becom ...
1_Introduction
1_Introduction

... Photons are good at carrying energy from point A to point B. A ...
Big-Bang
Big-Bang

... of stars forming was based on the speculative ‘EGG-star formation theory.’ It has recently been tested independently with two infrared detectors that can see inside the dusty pillars. ...
Big Bang and Synthesis of Elements
Big Bang and Synthesis of Elements

... Still, no more of complex matter could form at these temperatures. Although lighter particles, called leptons, also existed, they were prohibited from reacting with the hadrons to form more complex states of matter. These leptons, which include electrons, neutrinos and photons, would soon be able to ...
Life Cycle of Stars
Life Cycle of Stars

... content, distance, shape, and brightness. He noticed that there were redshifts in the emission of light from many dimly lit galaxies and realized that these were moving away from each other at a rate constant to the distance between them. He used this to formulate Hubble's Law (1929) which helped as ...
expanding universe
expanding universe

... A human being is part of the whole called by us universe, a part limited in time and space. We experience ourselves, our thoughts and feelings as something separate from the rest. A kind of optical delusion of consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal d ...
Tick Bait`s Universe Scavenger Hunt – “Going UP”
Tick Bait`s Universe Scavenger Hunt – “Going UP”

... 5. The inner planets are all made up of rock, while the outer planets are mostly just ________________________________________ . 6. True or False: The edge of our solar system stops at the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. True ...
Document
Document

... Orion Nebula – copyright Robert Gendler ...
solution - Evergreen Archives
solution - Evergreen Archives

... the typical sizes of brighter structures in the cosmic microwave background. the ratio of the average density of matter to that of radiation energy in the universe as a whole. the "lensing" or the bending of light from distant galaxies. 26. We can see only a certain distance out into the universe, a ...
Astronomy
Astronomy

... The universe seems to be undergoing evolution. It seems to be expanding. Star formation seems to be slowing down because the interaction of galaxies is slowing down. Stars themselves undergo evolution as the form from collapsing clouds of hydrogen thus undergoes nuclear fusion once it reaches and ap ...
Station 1 - Fall River Public Schools
Station 1 - Fall River Public Schools

... the most important characteristics. What Are the Defining Characteristics of Mercury? Mercury is the smallest planet. It has no moons. As the closest planet to the sun, Mercury also has the shortest period of revolution. Mercury completes its orbit in 88 Earth days. Mercury is so close to the sun th ...
Link again
Link again

... The universe seems to be undergoing evolution. It seems to be expanding. Star formation seems to be slowing down because the interaction of galaxies is slowing down. Stars themselves undergo evolution as the form from collapsing clouds of hydrogen thus undergoes nuclear fusion once it reaches and ap ...
NS2-M3C16_-_Asteroids,_Comets,_and_Meteorites_Exam
NS2-M3C16_-_Asteroids,_Comets,_and_Meteorites_Exam

... Correct the following sentence in regards to the appearance of comets: Pressure from the planets causes the gas vapor and dust particles in the nucleus to fan out from the head in the direction of the Sun. A ...
Planetary and Satellite Motion
Planetary and Satellite Motion

... aircraft can fly on a perfect parabolic path by exerting a force to overcome air friction. Thus, inside the aircraft, all objects move as though they were following a path determined only by gravity. Objects inside the aircraft, including people, exert no forces on each other, because they are all “ ...
`A ship flying in space:` Earth seen through the eyes of an astronaut
`A ship flying in space:` Earth seen through the eyes of an astronaut

... Earth, and their host star is similar to our sun. But the resemblance ends there. Both orbit very rapidly — in 6.1 days and 19.6 days, respectively, compared to 365 days for an Earth year — so both are much closer to their star than the Earth is to the sun. This makes both planets way too hot to sup ...
G CSE Core Science - West Derby School
G CSE Core Science - West Derby School

... Increased global warming will lead to climate change – changes in the average weather experienced over 30 years or more. Climate change may make it impossible to grow certain food crops in some regions. Melting polar ice, and the thermal expansion of sea water, could cause rising sea levels and the ...
However the Big Bang theory had some competition…
However the Big Bang theory had some competition…

... The Big Bang Theory To explain Hubble’s extraordinary discoveries about our expanding universe, astronomers came up with the Big Bang Theory. The Big Bang theory states that the whole universe started from a single tiny point that expanded rapidly in an explosion about 13 Billion years ago and is s ...
Earth and Beyond - We can`t sign you in
Earth and Beyond - We can`t sign you in

... The steady state theory states that the Universe is expanding and, as it expands, matter is created to maintain a uniform universal density of matter. Evidence to support this theory is Hubble’s observations about red-shifted light. However, the steady state theory has become less popular since the ...
24 The Sun - Solar Physics Group
24 The Sun - Solar Physics Group

... Temperature decreases until we get to the photosphere (5800 K). The chromosphere is hotter (up to 20,000K). Above this is a hot corona (1-10 MK) that extends into space. What heats the corona? We think it’s the Sun’s magnetic field, but the process is not well understood! ...
Astronomy
Astronomy

... why there is a time delay between the time we send a radio message to astronauts on the moon and when they receive it. ...
Paper Plate Sun - Lunar and Planetary Institute
Paper Plate Sun - Lunar and Planetary Institute

... 6. Chromosphere – Draw one last circle about 1/8th inch away from the photosphere. Although transparent like the Earth’s atmosphere, the chromosphere becomes visible from Earth a few seconds before and after a total solar eclipse as a narrow, pink band around the edge of the Sun. 7. Corona – Color ...
Stars in our Galaxy
Stars in our Galaxy

... – Light travels at 300,000 km/s or about 9.5 trillion km in one year. – The nearest start to Earth other than the sun is Proxima Centauri which is 4.3 light years away or about 40 trillion km!!! ...
Studying Space Section 2
Studying Space Section 2

universe - on AstroQuiz
universe - on AstroQuiz

... watching this giant storm rage for several hundred years. Bolts of lightning have also been seen in Jupiter's atmosphere. ...
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Outer space



Outer space, or just space, is the void that exists between celestial bodies, including the Earth. It is not completely empty, but consists of a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is 2.7 kelvin (K). Plasma with a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic metre and a temperature of millions of kelvin in the space between galaxies accounts for most of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in outer space; local concentrations have condensed into stars and galaxies. In most galaxies, observations provide evidence that 90% of the mass is in an unknown form, called dark matter, which interacts with other matter through gravitational but not electromagnetic forces. Data indicates that the majority of the mass-energy in the observable Universe is a poorly understood vacuum energy of space which astronomers label dark energy. Intergalactic space takes up most of the volume of the Universe, but even galaxies and star systems consist almost entirely of empty space.There is no firm boundary where space begins. However the Kármán line, at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) above sea level, is conventionally used as the start of outer space in space treaties and for aerospace records keeping. The framework for international space law was established by the Outer Space Treaty, which was passed by the United Nations in 1967. This treaty precludes any claims of national sovereignty and permits all states to freely explore outer space. Despite the drafting of UN resolutions for the peaceful uses of outer space, anti-satellite weapons have been tested in Earth orbit.Humans began the physical exploration of space during the 20th century with the advent of high-altitude balloon flights, followed by manned rocket launches. Earth orbit was first achieved by Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union in 1961 and unmanned spacecraft have since reached all of the known planets in the Solar System. Due to the high cost of getting into space, manned spaceflight has been limited to low Earth orbit and the Moon.Outer space represents a challenging environment for human exploration because of the dual hazards of vacuum and radiation. Microgravity also has a negative effect on human physiology that causes both muscle atrophy and bone loss. In addition to these health and environmental issues, the economic cost of putting objects, including humans, into space is high.
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