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Notes (PowerPoint)
... • Pluto discovered 1930, orbit radius ~30 AU • Five new candidate planets since 2002 (see next slide) • Definition of a planet is in dispute. Also casts doubt on whether or not Pluto is a planet • Newest (Xena) may have the best claim – size, moon • These are in or near the “Kuiper Belt” (asteroids) ...
... • Pluto discovered 1930, orbit radius ~30 AU • Five new candidate planets since 2002 (see next slide) • Definition of a planet is in dispute. Also casts doubt on whether or not Pluto is a planet • Newest (Xena) may have the best claim – size, moon • These are in or near the “Kuiper Belt” (asteroids) ...
Chapter 2
... It is really not that special • Every year on the winter solstice, our Sun has a Declination of -23.5 degrees, and a Right Ascension of 18 hours. • On December 21, 2012, the alignment was right along the plane of the entire galaxy. • Precession goes in a complete circle and happens only once every ...
... It is really not that special • Every year on the winter solstice, our Sun has a Declination of -23.5 degrees, and a Right Ascension of 18 hours. • On December 21, 2012, the alignment was right along the plane of the entire galaxy. • Precession goes in a complete circle and happens only once every ...
“Breakthroughs” of the 20th Century
... Astronomy was revolutionized in the 20th century. The electron was discovered in 1897 and this transformed spectroscopy and introduced plasma and magnetohydrodynamic physics and astro-chemistry. Einstein’s E = mc2, solved the problem of stellar energy generation and spawned the study of elemental nu ...
... Astronomy was revolutionized in the 20th century. The electron was discovered in 1897 and this transformed spectroscopy and introduced plasma and magnetohydrodynamic physics and astro-chemistry. Einstein’s E = mc2, solved the problem of stellar energy generation and spawned the study of elemental nu ...
planetary temperatures, albedos, and the greenhouse effect
... Albedo (represented by the symbol A) is the fraction of sunlight falling on a surface that is reflected back into space. (The word albedo comes from the Latin word for "white" - albus.) The albedo represents the average reflectivity over the entire visible surface; hence it differs slightly from the ...
... Albedo (represented by the symbol A) is the fraction of sunlight falling on a surface that is reflected back into space. (The word albedo comes from the Latin word for "white" - albus.) The albedo represents the average reflectivity over the entire visible surface; hence it differs slightly from the ...
File
... they are revolving around the star because of the pull of gravity. It is kind of like a string holding the planets in orbit. They will orbit around the star for a very long time. The planets probably came from left over material that spun off as the star formed and rotated. ...
... they are revolving around the star because of the pull of gravity. It is kind of like a string holding the planets in orbit. They will orbit around the star for a very long time. The planets probably came from left over material that spun off as the star formed and rotated. ...
The Astrophysics of Planetary Habitability
... P2.7. Stellar prominence oscillations and eruptions: The cases of HK Aqr and PZ Tel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P2.8. First Results from the MUSCLES Treasury Survey of the UV and X-ray Emission from K and M Dwarf Stars that Host Exoplanets . P2.9. The variations of tidal ...
... P2.7. Stellar prominence oscillations and eruptions: The cases of HK Aqr and PZ Tel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P2.8. First Results from the MUSCLES Treasury Survey of the UV and X-ray Emission from K and M Dwarf Stars that Host Exoplanets . P2.9. The variations of tidal ...
Chapter 9 - Astronomy
... storms beneath the upper cloud cover are the energy source for Jupiter’s weather patterns. The Composition of Jupiter’s Atmosphere 1. The Galileo probe showed that Jupiter is (by number) about 90% hydrogen, 10% helium, with small amounts of water (H2O), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3). This is simi ...
... storms beneath the upper cloud cover are the energy source for Jupiter’s weather patterns. The Composition of Jupiter’s Atmosphere 1. The Galileo probe showed that Jupiter is (by number) about 90% hydrogen, 10% helium, with small amounts of water (H2O), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3). This is simi ...
The Time of Perihelion Passage and the Longitude of Perihelion of
... perturbations have been detected. This can be explained if Nemesis is comprised of two stars with complementary orbits such that their perturbing accelerations tend to cancel at the Sun. If these orbits are also inclined by 90° to the ecliptic plane, the planet orbit perturbations could have been mi ...
... perturbations have been detected. This can be explained if Nemesis is comprised of two stars with complementary orbits such that their perturbing accelerations tend to cancel at the Sun. If these orbits are also inclined by 90° to the ecliptic plane, the planet orbit perturbations could have been mi ...
WORD - Astrophysics
... essential questions remain for which the collecting area and angular resolution of an extremely large optical/infrared telescope will prove decisive. Many of these questions deal with the earliest and the latest stages of stellar evolution, plagued by significant unknowns. Determining the entire ste ...
... essential questions remain for which the collecting area and angular resolution of an extremely large optical/infrared telescope will prove decisive. Many of these questions deal with the earliest and the latest stages of stellar evolution, plagued by significant unknowns. Determining the entire ste ...
Chapter 2: The Solar System and Beyond
... The Lunar Cycle The phase of the Moon that you see on any given night depends on the relative positions of the Moon, the Sun, and Earth in space. These positions change because the Moon is continually revolving around Earth as Earth revolves around the Sun. It takes the Moon about one month to go th ...
... The Lunar Cycle The phase of the Moon that you see on any given night depends on the relative positions of the Moon, the Sun, and Earth in space. These positions change because the Moon is continually revolving around Earth as Earth revolves around the Sun. It takes the Moon about one month to go th ...
Power Point Presentation
... where they burn hydrogen in nuclear reactions in their cores Burning rate is higher for more massive stars - hence their lifetimes on the main sequence are much shorter and they are rather rare Red dwarf stars are the most common as they burn hydrogen slowly and live the longest Often called dwarfs ...
... where they burn hydrogen in nuclear reactions in their cores Burning rate is higher for more massive stars - hence their lifetimes on the main sequence are much shorter and they are rather rare Red dwarf stars are the most common as they burn hydrogen slowly and live the longest Often called dwarfs ...
Venus
... Venus orbits every 224.7 Earth days. Venus has no natural satellite. Average tempature is 462 Celsius degrees. Named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty, Venus. (Aphrodite in Greek) Venus is a terrestrial planet, basically it's known as Earth's "sister planet" because of the similiar size, ma ...
... Venus orbits every 224.7 Earth days. Venus has no natural satellite. Average tempature is 462 Celsius degrees. Named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty, Venus. (Aphrodite in Greek) Venus is a terrestrial planet, basically it's known as Earth's "sister planet" because of the similiar size, ma ...
Neptune 1
... Triton 11 – Neptune has one major moon, Triton. Its characteristics do not match other icy satellites. However, they do match the characteristics observed for Pluto and other Kuiper Belt Objects (discussed later). ...
... Triton 11 – Neptune has one major moon, Triton. Its characteristics do not match other icy satellites. However, they do match the characteristics observed for Pluto and other Kuiper Belt Objects (discussed later). ...
Herschel
... the Solar System placed beyond the orbit of Neptune (30 UA) up to ~55 UA. It is similar to the asteroid belt but 20 times wider and 20-200 times more massive. ...
... the Solar System placed beyond the orbit of Neptune (30 UA) up to ~55 UA. It is similar to the asteroid belt but 20 times wider and 20-200 times more massive. ...
Hubble Offers a Dazzling View of Necklace Nebula
... ring is actually two stars orbiting close together. One of the stars is near the end of its life and created the planetary nebula. The estimated age of the ring is around 5,000 years. The nebula is 15,000 light-years from Earth. Astronomers discovered the nebula in November 2005 with the Isaac Newto ...
... ring is actually two stars orbiting close together. One of the stars is near the end of its life and created the planetary nebula. The estimated age of the ring is around 5,000 years. The nebula is 15,000 light-years from Earth. Astronomers discovered the nebula in November 2005 with the Isaac Newto ...
ppt
... There are only two astronomical bodies that have a radius ~ 1.5 REarth: 1. White Dwarf 2. A terrestrial planet White Dwarfs have a mass of ~ 1 Solar Mass, so the radial velocity amplitude should be ~ 100s km/s. This is excluded by low precision radial velocity measurements. ...
... There are only two astronomical bodies that have a radius ~ 1.5 REarth: 1. White Dwarf 2. A terrestrial planet White Dwarfs have a mass of ~ 1 Solar Mass, so the radial velocity amplitude should be ~ 100s km/s. This is excluded by low precision radial velocity measurements. ...
Planet Mercury.
... Mercury is known as a terrestrial planet consisting of about 70% metallic and 30% silicate material. The surface of the planet is covered in craters much like those seen on Earth’s moon. This is a sign that Mercury has been geologically dormant for billions of years. Since Mercury’s orbit is w ...
... Mercury is known as a terrestrial planet consisting of about 70% metallic and 30% silicate material. The surface of the planet is covered in craters much like those seen on Earth’s moon. This is a sign that Mercury has been geologically dormant for billions of years. Since Mercury’s orbit is w ...
View PDF - Sara Seager
... it directly across the face of its host star. For such a “transiting” planet, it is possible to determine the planet’s mass and radius, its orbital parameters, and its atmospheric properties.1 Of particular interest are planets with sizes between those of the Earth and Neptune. Little is known about ...
... it directly across the face of its host star. For such a “transiting” planet, it is possible to determine the planet’s mass and radius, its orbital parameters, and its atmospheric properties.1 Of particular interest are planets with sizes between those of the Earth and Neptune. Little is known about ...
Gravitational redshifts
... Apparent radial velocity during transit (Rossiter-McLaughlin effect). Wavelengths (here Gaussian fits to synthetic line profiles) are shorter than laboratory values due to convective blueshift. Curves before and after mid-transit (µ = 0.21, 0.59, 0.87) are not exact mirror images due to intrinsic st ...
... Apparent radial velocity during transit (Rossiter-McLaughlin effect). Wavelengths (here Gaussian fits to synthetic line profiles) are shorter than laboratory values due to convective blueshift. Curves before and after mid-transit (µ = 0.21, 0.59, 0.87) are not exact mirror images due to intrinsic st ...
Celestia DATA WORKSHEET
... speed, it will still take you about 8 minutes to reach earth. Thus, light leaving the sun takes 8 minutes of space travel to reach us. Now, you may find this hard to believe, but at this incredible speed, it will take 4.5 years of you sitting there watching this screen, before you would reach the ve ...
... speed, it will still take you about 8 minutes to reach earth. Thus, light leaving the sun takes 8 minutes of space travel to reach us. Now, you may find this hard to believe, but at this incredible speed, it will take 4.5 years of you sitting there watching this screen, before you would reach the ve ...
- ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the
... 13. A Deep inside them, they all have pressures far higher than that found on the bottom of the ocean on Earth. B They all have cores of roughly the same mass. C They all have the same exact set of internal layers, though these layers differ in size. D They all have cores that contain at least some ...
... 13. A Deep inside them, they all have pressures far higher than that found on the bottom of the ocean on Earth. B They all have cores of roughly the same mass. C They all have the same exact set of internal layers, though these layers differ in size. D They all have cores that contain at least some ...
Planet formation in the habitable zone of alpha Centauri B
... τdiss = 105 years. The dissipation is started at 104 years, the end of our nominal run, when all orbits have reached their size-dependent alignment in the HZ. Fig.3 shows the dynamical state of the system after 2τdiss = 2x105 years and clearly illustrates the efficient re-phasing of all orbits, whic ...
... τdiss = 105 years. The dissipation is started at 104 years, the end of our nominal run, when all orbits have reached their size-dependent alignment in the HZ. Fig.3 shows the dynamical state of the system after 2τdiss = 2x105 years and clearly illustrates the efficient re-phasing of all orbits, whic ...
New Horizons Mission Design - SwRI Boulder
... The NASA AO set a firm deadline for the time of Pluto-Charon encounter. The mission is required to arrive at Pluto as early as possible, not later than the 2020 timeframe. This is mainly driven by the concern that Pluto’s atmosphere may collapse after 2020. Since passing the perihelion in 1989, Plu ...
... The NASA AO set a firm deadline for the time of Pluto-Charon encounter. The mission is required to arrive at Pluto as early as possible, not later than the 2020 timeframe. This is mainly driven by the concern that Pluto’s atmosphere may collapse after 2020. Since passing the perihelion in 1989, Plu ...
Advances in exoplanet science from Kepler (Lissauer et al. 2014)
... spacecraft beyond the original baseline plan, but Kepler’s prime mission ended in May 2013 with the failure of a second reaction wheel that made precise stable pointing away from the spacecraft’s orbital plane impossible. Nevertheless, data analysis over the next few years is expected to reveal hund ...
... spacecraft beyond the original baseline plan, but Kepler’s prime mission ended in May 2013 with the failure of a second reaction wheel that made precise stable pointing away from the spacecraft’s orbital plane impossible. Nevertheless, data analysis over the next few years is expected to reveal hund ...
IAU definition of planet
The definition of planet set in Prague in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) states that, in the Solar System, a planet is a celestial body which: is in orbit around the Sun, has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and has ""cleared the neighborhood"" around its orbit.A non-satellite body fulfilling only the first two of these criteria is classified as a ""dwarf planet"". According to the IAU, ""planets and dwarf planets are two distinct classes of objects"". A non-satellite body fulfilling only the first criterion is termed a ""small Solar System body"" (SSSB). Initial drafts planned to include dwarf planets as a subcategory of planets, but because this could potentially have led to the addition of several dozens of planets into the Solar System, this draft was eventually dropped. The definition was a controversial one and has drawn both support and criticism from different astronomers, but has remained in use.According to this definition, there are eight planets in the Solar System. The definition distinguishes planets from smaller bodies and is not useful outside the Solar System, where smaller bodies cannot be found yet. Extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, are covered separately under a complementary 2003 draft guideline for the definition of planets, which distinguishes them from dwarf stars, which are larger.