The first cool rocky/icy exoplanet
... the protoplanetary disc around their host star. While in an inner hotter zone only grains of dust, sand and pebbles clump together, planet formation is further supported by the presence of icy snowballs in a cooler zone outside the so-called “ice boundary”. Planets forming there are likely to grow t ...
... the protoplanetary disc around their host star. While in an inner hotter zone only grains of dust, sand and pebbles clump together, planet formation is further supported by the presence of icy snowballs in a cooler zone outside the so-called “ice boundary”. Planets forming there are likely to grow t ...
Ancient Astronomy - Mrs. Petersen`s Earth Science
... The delay caused by the speed of light can sometimes be noticed here on Earth during telephone calls. Long distance calls that have been routed over one or more space satellites may cause a half second or so delay between the speaker and the listener. ...
... The delay caused by the speed of light can sometimes be noticed here on Earth during telephone calls. Long distance calls that have been routed over one or more space satellites may cause a half second or so delay between the speaker and the listener. ...
The future sun March 18 −
... H-R Diagrams of star clusters 1. There are no A stars in M80 because a. they never formed. b. they died and disappeared c. all stars became redder as they get older. d. they are too faint to see. ...
... H-R Diagrams of star clusters 1. There are no A stars in M80 because a. they never formed. b. they died and disappeared c. all stars became redder as they get older. d. they are too faint to see. ...
Astronomy 103 Exam 2 Review
... C. Both observers agree: since the clocks are not moving with respect to each other the clocks run at the same speed and read the same Lme. D. Both observers agree: the clock near Earth is running slower than the clock high above Earth's surface. ...
... C. Both observers agree: since the clocks are not moving with respect to each other the clocks run at the same speed and read the same Lme. D. Both observers agree: the clock near Earth is running slower than the clock high above Earth's surface. ...
Birth and Life of a Star
... Many white dwarfs are about the same size as the Earth, and about 100 times smaller than the Sun. They may weigh the same as the sun, which would make them very dense. The heavier the white dwarf is, then the smaller its size will be. A star like our Sun will become a white dwarf when it has run out ...
... Many white dwarfs are about the same size as the Earth, and about 100 times smaller than the Sun. They may weigh the same as the sun, which would make them very dense. The heavier the white dwarf is, then the smaller its size will be. A star like our Sun will become a white dwarf when it has run out ...
Birth and Life of a Star
... Many white dwarfs are about the same size as the Earth, and about 100 times smaller than the Sun. They may weigh the same as the sun, which would make them very dense. The heavier the white dwarf is, then the smaller its size will be. A star like our Sun will become a white dwarf when it has run out ...
... Many white dwarfs are about the same size as the Earth, and about 100 times smaller than the Sun. They may weigh the same as the sun, which would make them very dense. The heavier the white dwarf is, then the smaller its size will be. A star like our Sun will become a white dwarf when it has run out ...
AGU Fall 2011 SH34B-08
... expected to exert a much larger effect than the farflung smaller planets in our solar system. A ‘Mega Jupiter’ with mass 3MJ and at 0.052 AU would have a tidal effect 4*1003 = 4,000,000 times larger than our Jupiter’s [τ Boo]. HD 168443, with the innermost planet at 0.3 AU, has a dL/dt, with a perio ...
... expected to exert a much larger effect than the farflung smaller planets in our solar system. A ‘Mega Jupiter’ with mass 3MJ and at 0.052 AU would have a tidal effect 4*1003 = 4,000,000 times larger than our Jupiter’s [τ Boo]. HD 168443, with the innermost planet at 0.3 AU, has a dL/dt, with a perio ...
We Are Stardust: Synthesis of the Elements Essential for Life Aparna
... reveals important clues about the creation of the universe. First, we have seen that the Sun’s central temperature is about 15 million degrees, at which temperatures only hydrogen can be burned. Therefore, in order to be stable for over 3 billion years, the Sun must be made up of mostly hydrogen. Se ...
... reveals important clues about the creation of the universe. First, we have seen that the Sun’s central temperature is about 15 million degrees, at which temperatures only hydrogen can be burned. Therefore, in order to be stable for over 3 billion years, the Sun must be made up of mostly hydrogen. Se ...
Measuring the Distance to Stars Using Parallax
... The astronomer Friedrich Bessel used the exact method you used to measure the height of the flagpole to find the distance to a nearby star, 61 Cygni, in 1838. This was a monumental achievement that came about due to technological improvements in telescopes that gave humans their first realistic glim ...
... The astronomer Friedrich Bessel used the exact method you used to measure the height of the flagpole to find the distance to a nearby star, 61 Cygni, in 1838. This was a monumental achievement that came about due to technological improvements in telescopes that gave humans their first realistic glim ...
Your Place in Space and Time
... One light-year becomes 1000 kilometers on the Voyage scale, so even the nearest stars are more than 4000 kilometers away, equivalent to the distance across the United States. ...
... One light-year becomes 1000 kilometers on the Voyage scale, so even the nearest stars are more than 4000 kilometers away, equivalent to the distance across the United States. ...
Lecture8_2014_v2 - UCO/Lick Observatory
... • Two planets are several times more massive than Jupiter • The third planet, mass 75% that of Jupiter, is so close to the star that it completes a full orbit every 4.6 Earth days Page ...
... • Two planets are several times more massive than Jupiter • The third planet, mass 75% that of Jupiter, is so close to the star that it completes a full orbit every 4.6 Earth days Page ...
Age aspects of habitability - Cambridge University Press
... Gyr) metal-poor Population II stars have been discovered. Such planets had had enough time to develop necessary chains of chemical reactions and may carry detectable life if located in a habitable zone. These old planets should be primary targets in search for the extraterrestrial life. Received 3 M ...
... Gyr) metal-poor Population II stars have been discovered. Such planets had had enough time to develop necessary chains of chemical reactions and may carry detectable life if located in a habitable zone. These old planets should be primary targets in search for the extraterrestrial life. Received 3 M ...
life
... L = Mean lifetime of intelligent life = 100 – 109 years •We have the ability to destroy civilization •We are also damaging our environment •We are using up non-renewable resources •Civilizations may “mature” – some evidence •Sustainable civilizations is technically possible ...
... L = Mean lifetime of intelligent life = 100 – 109 years •We have the ability to destroy civilization •We are also damaging our environment •We are using up non-renewable resources •Civilizations may “mature” – some evidence •Sustainable civilizations is technically possible ...
Distance Measurement
... With the ground based observations we can see about 1000 stars within a 20pc (70LY) radius. Why Hubble Space Telescope?? ...
... With the ground based observations we can see about 1000 stars within a 20pc (70LY) radius. Why Hubble Space Telescope?? ...
Seeing another Earth: Detecting and Characterizing Rocky Planets
... giant impacts, young proto-Earths are almost as easy to detect as the most luminous gas giants around the youngest stars! Results from recent observational programs suggest that searches for proto-Earths are compelling (Mamajek & Meyer 2007). New results from microlensing (Bennett et al. 2008) and r ...
... giant impacts, young proto-Earths are almost as easy to detect as the most luminous gas giants around the youngest stars! Results from recent observational programs suggest that searches for proto-Earths are compelling (Mamajek & Meyer 2007). New results from microlensing (Bennett et al. 2008) and r ...
Investigation 1 Solar Nebula Theory Student Guide 3_16_13_draft
... Within the Milky Way Galaxy, towards one of the outer edges, is a relatively small star, our Sun. If we were to focus more closely around the parts of the galaxy near our Sun, we see evidence of eight planets that are in orbit around the Sun. These planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Satu ...
... Within the Milky Way Galaxy, towards one of the outer edges, is a relatively small star, our Sun. If we were to focus more closely around the parts of the galaxy near our Sun, we see evidence of eight planets that are in orbit around the Sun. These planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Satu ...
Movements of Objects in Space
... 3. The Earth and all the other planets are orbiting the Sun, all in the same direction, and all in roughly the same plane (i.e. it's like they are all laid out on a large dinner plate with the Sun at the center). The outer planets orbit more slowly than the inner planets. 4. The stars appear station ...
... 3. The Earth and all the other planets are orbiting the Sun, all in the same direction, and all in roughly the same plane (i.e. it's like they are all laid out on a large dinner plate with the Sun at the center). The outer planets orbit more slowly than the inner planets. 4. The stars appear station ...
Stellar Evolution
... how a star’s life and death will proceed. • We can “weigh” stars that are in binary systems (two stars orbiting each other). Fortunately, most stars fall into this category. ...
... how a star’s life and death will proceed. • We can “weigh” stars that are in binary systems (two stars orbiting each other). Fortunately, most stars fall into this category. ...
ppt
... Ani! This implies that the absorbing material is moving either towards or away from us. Spectral observations of the sun reveal the shift in line wavelength away from the rest wavelength is greater at the equator than at the poles. Therefore the equator is moving more rapidly than the poles. ...
... Ani! This implies that the absorbing material is moving either towards or away from us. Spectral observations of the sun reveal the shift in line wavelength away from the rest wavelength is greater at the equator than at the poles. Therefore the equator is moving more rapidly than the poles. ...
Owsley Brown II Portable Planetarium K-2 Program
... record on Earth, other objects in the solar system, such as lunar rocks, asteroids, and meteorites, have changed little over billions of years. Studying these objects can provide information about Earth’s formation and early history. (HS-ESS1-6) ● An object can be seen when light reflected from its ...
... record on Earth, other objects in the solar system, such as lunar rocks, asteroids, and meteorites, have changed little over billions of years. Studying these objects can provide information about Earth’s formation and early history. (HS-ESS1-6) ● An object can be seen when light reflected from its ...
SKYTRACK Glossary of Terms
... It happens twice each year, when the tilt of the Earth's axis is most inclined toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun's apparent position in the sky to reach its northernmost or southernmost extreme. (b) Time of the year when the day is either shortest, or longest depending on where you are. S ...
... It happens twice each year, when the tilt of the Earth's axis is most inclined toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun's apparent position in the sky to reach its northernmost or southernmost extreme. (b) Time of the year when the day is either shortest, or longest depending on where you are. S ...
Cosmic Distance Ladder
... • Refraction caused by the atmosphere limits the accuracy to 0.01 arcseconds. • d=1/p|d|=|p|/p2 • Reliable measurements, those with errors of 10% or less, can only be achieved at stellar distances of no more than about 100 pc. • Space-based telescopes are not limited by this effect and can accura ...
... • Refraction caused by the atmosphere limits the accuracy to 0.01 arcseconds. • d=1/p|d|=|p|/p2 • Reliable measurements, those with errors of 10% or less, can only be achieved at stellar distances of no more than about 100 pc. • Space-based telescopes are not limited by this effect and can accura ...
What is a Scientist? - Cockeysville Middle School
... Which characteristics do you think will be easiest to learn about? Why? Astronomers classify stars according to physical characteristics. Skim text page 127 to identify 5 characteristics that astronomers use to classify stars. ...
... Which characteristics do you think will be easiest to learn about? Why? Astronomers classify stars according to physical characteristics. Skim text page 127 to identify 5 characteristics that astronomers use to classify stars. ...
S1E4 Extreme Stars
... pull of the force of gravity. It is only the outward pressure created by the nuclear reactions pushing away from the star's core that keeps the star “intact”. But these nuclear reactions require fuel, in particular hydrogen. Eventually the supply of hydrogen runs out and the star begins its demise. ...
... pull of the force of gravity. It is only the outward pressure created by the nuclear reactions pushing away from the star's core that keeps the star “intact”. But these nuclear reactions require fuel, in particular hydrogen. Eventually the supply of hydrogen runs out and the star begins its demise. ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.