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Lecture 1 – Astronomy
Lecture 1 – Astronomy

... The Sun is the centre of the solar system and also the largest object containing more than 99.8% of the total mass of the solar system. The eight planets rotate around the Sun in separate orbits kept in place by the gravitational forces from the Sun. In addition there are billions of other objects o ...
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... • Geoff Marcy & Paul Butler quickly confirmed 51 Pegasi • They had lots of archival data from searches for Jupiter-type planets (periods >10 years, so they were still “in progress”) • No on even thought to look for short-period MASSIVE planets (why would they be easier?) • Found many “Hot Jupiters” ...
Unit 6--Astronomy
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... 42.Which of the following indicates that the universe is expanding? a. red shift of distant galaxies b. red shift of the galaxies in the Local Group c. blue shift of distant galaxies d. blue shift of the Milky Way 43.Based on the observed red shifts in the spectral lines of distant galaxies, astrono ...
Lecture 2 - The University Centre in Svalbard
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... The Sun is the centre of the solar system and also the largest object containing more than 99.8% of the total mass of the solar system. The eight planets rotate around the Sun in separate orbits kept in place by the gravitational forces from the Sun. In addition there are billions of other objects o ...
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... ● The solar system is made up of both inner and outer planets. The inner being closer to the Sun and the outer further away. ● The inner planets are referred to as the terrestrial planets because their composition is rocky like the Earth. ● They receive more of the Sun’s energy and have higher tempe ...
Solar System Bead Activity
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... 1. Begin by giving the students the Pre-MacMod Worksheet. 2. Start the class with a discussion of what a light year is (the distance that light travels in one year; 300,000 km/s or 9.5 trillion km/yr). Talk about how fast this is. It may help the students if you turn off the light and flip on the fl ...
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... especially Jupiter, is close to that of the Sun. • The internal structures of these planets is completely different from that of the Earth. In particular, there is no hard surface. • These planets are relatively far from the Sun (more than 5 times the Earth-Sun distance), so heating by the Sun is no ...
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... – There is water on Earth’s surface and its atmosphere contains gases that support life. – Without the blanket of gases that cover Earth, humans would not be able to live on Earth. ...
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... 2. Divide the class into teams of four. 3. Explain that each team member will have a card that he or she reads to the group. Other team members are not to read each other’s cards, but they are to practice listening and then apply what they hear. 4. Have the students use the scaled planet drawings to ...
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... The young Sun-like stars in Orion produce violent X-ray outbursts, or flares, that are much more frequent and energetic than anything seen today from our Sun. The range of flare energies is large, with some of the stars producing flares that are a hundred times larger than others. The different flar ...
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... Standard: 13 - Recognize that the earth is part of a system called the "solar system" that includes the sun (a star), planets, and many moons. The earth is the third planet from the sun in our solar system. Standard: 14 - Recognize that the earth revolves around (orbits) the sun in a year's time and ...
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... B. Objects in the Solar System 1. There are __________ recognized planets in our solar system a. Each planet travels in a fixed __________ around the sun 2. All of the planets move around the sun in the same direction, however, the planets don’t orbit together as a group a. Each planet moves along i ...
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... a pendulum that proved to even non-scientists that the Earth spins. Science had already long accepted the spinning Earth—based on geometry and the flattened poles—but the Foucault pendulum produced a convincing argument to even the most skeptical. Lockyer & Janssen Discover Helium in the Sun ...
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... developed a system for describing distances in our Solar System based on the average distance between the Earth and the Sun. The Astronomical Unit (AU) is approximately 149,570,000 kilometers (the average Sun-Earth distance). The distances between objects in our Solar System are measured using the A ...
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Astronomy – Phys 181 – Midterm Examination

... c) The moon’s shadow is very small when cast on the earth Philadelphia can expect to experience a total solar eclipse about: (d) a) Once every hundred years b) Once every eighteen years c) Once a month d) Once every four hundred years e) Once every one thousand two hundred years The notion that mode ...
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Are those stars or Suns

... subject which has been addressed by historians using cotemporary sources including Shakespeare’s plays. There is no known right answer. Some experts even believe that the telescope had been invented 50 years before it had and most people knew what could be seen through one! At the other extreme othe ...
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Formation and evolution of the Solar System



The formation of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed.This widely accepted model, known as the nebular hypothesis, was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Its subsequent development has interwoven a variety of scientific disciplines including astronomy, physics, geology, and planetary science. Since the dawn of the space age in the 1950s and the discovery of extrasolar planets in the 1990s, the model has been both challenged and refined to account for new observations.The Solar System has evolved considerably since its initial formation. Many moons have formed from circling discs of gas and dust around their parent planets, while other moons are thought to have formed independently and later been captured by their planets. Still others, such as the Moon, may be the result of giant collisions. Collisions between bodies have occurred continually up to the present day and have been central to the evolution of the Solar System. The positions of the planets often shifted due to gravitational interactions. This planetary migration is now thought to have been responsible for much of the Solar System's early evolution.In roughly 5 billion years, the Sun will cool and expand outward many times its current diameter (becoming a red giant), before casting off its outer layers as a planetary nebula and leaving behind a stellar remnant known as a white dwarf. In the far distant future, the gravity of passing stars will gradually reduce the Sun's retinue of planets. Some planets will be destroyed, others ejected into interstellar space. Ultimately, over the course of tens of billions of years, it is likely that the Sun will be left with none of the original bodies in orbit around it.
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