Lecture13.v1
... gravity strongly perturbed the orbits of almost all the asteroids • Most of them got nudged into highly eccentric orbits, from which they either leave the Solar System or head inwards toward the Sun • A fraction of the asteroids headed inwards may have hit the early Earth! Page 19 ...
... gravity strongly perturbed the orbits of almost all the asteroids • Most of them got nudged into highly eccentric orbits, from which they either leave the Solar System or head inwards toward the Sun • A fraction of the asteroids headed inwards may have hit the early Earth! Page 19 ...
Space Image of the Week
... together, appearing 3.1° apart this evening. Watch their orientation change drastically from day to day now that they're so close. ...
... together, appearing 3.1° apart this evening. Watch their orientation change drastically from day to day now that they're so close. ...
PDF format
... close to the speed of light, it would take tens of thousands of years to reach. d) No, the celestial sphere moves away from us at the speed of light so we can never catch up with it. e) This statement doesn't make sense because the celestial sphere is not a physical object. © 2014 Pearson Educatio ...
... close to the speed of light, it would take tens of thousands of years to reach. d) No, the celestial sphere moves away from us at the speed of light so we can never catch up with it. e) This statement doesn't make sense because the celestial sphere is not a physical object. © 2014 Pearson Educatio ...
W. M. White Geochemistry Chapter 10: Cosmochemistry
... we learn about the evolution of the Earth by examining old rocks, we can learn about the evolution of the cosmos by looking at old stars. The old stars of Population II are considerably poorer in heavy elements than are young stars. In particular, Population II stars have a Fe/H ratio typically a fa ...
... we learn about the evolution of the Earth by examining old rocks, we can learn about the evolution of the cosmos by looking at old stars. The old stars of Population II are considerably poorer in heavy elements than are young stars. In particular, Population II stars have a Fe/H ratio typically a fa ...
Constraints on a Chance Universe & The Anthropic Principle
... ne - the fraction of planets in a star’s AHZ The fraction of planets in a star’s habitable zone can be reasonably estimated from our own solar system. If we take the sun’s HZ to be 1.0 AU 0.3 AU in a solar system ranging out to more than 40 AU, we can estimate the fraction as 1.3/40 or ~ 0.027. H ...
... ne - the fraction of planets in a star’s AHZ The fraction of planets in a star’s habitable zone can be reasonably estimated from our own solar system. If we take the sun’s HZ to be 1.0 AU 0.3 AU in a solar system ranging out to more than 40 AU, we can estimate the fraction as 1.3/40 or ~ 0.027. H ...
Preview Sample 3
... 6) A million years from now, Alpha Centauri will no longer be the nearest star system to our own. Answer: D 7) If Earth's axis had no tilt, would we still have seasons? Why or why not? Answer: We would no longer have seasons, because the Sun's light would hit at the same angle all throughout the yea ...
... 6) A million years from now, Alpha Centauri will no longer be the nearest star system to our own. Answer: D 7) If Earth's axis had no tilt, would we still have seasons? Why or why not? Answer: We would no longer have seasons, because the Sun's light would hit at the same angle all throughout the yea ...
Century-Long Monitoring of Solar Irradiance and Earth`s Albedo
... have been measured from 1978 using radiometers in space (e.g. Willson 2014). Pre-flight calibration precisions of ≈500 parts per million (ppm), 0.05%, have been achieved. But independent data from different space missions have failed to provide the needed long-term stability. First, the highly preci ...
... have been measured from 1978 using radiometers in space (e.g. Willson 2014). Pre-flight calibration precisions of ≈500 parts per million (ppm), 0.05%, have been achieved. But independent data from different space missions have failed to provide the needed long-term stability. First, the highly preci ...
Giant Planet Atmospheres and Spectra
... and moons, are seen and studied in reflected solar light. The brightness of the reflection depends upon the orbital distance, the stellar flux, the reflectivity of the object, the detector angle (the “phase angle”), and the object’s radius. The reflectivity, in the guise of an “albedo” (defined belo ...
... and moons, are seen and studied in reflected solar light. The brightness of the reflection depends upon the orbital distance, the stellar flux, the reflectivity of the object, the detector angle (the “phase angle”), and the object’s radius. The reflectivity, in the guise of an “albedo” (defined belo ...
NASA`s Juno Mission to Remain in Current Orbit at Jupiter
... • This is a fine week to look for the zodiacal light if you live in the northern latitudes, now that the evening sky is moonless and the ecliptic tilts high upward from the west horizon at nightfall. From a clear, clean, wide-open dark site, look west at twilight's very end for a vague but huge, tal ...
... • This is a fine week to look for the zodiacal light if you live in the northern latitudes, now that the evening sky is moonless and the ecliptic tilts high upward from the west horizon at nightfall. From a clear, clean, wide-open dark site, look west at twilight's very end for a vague but huge, tal ...
Sample
... 6) A million years from now, Alpha Centauri will no longer be the nearest star system to our own. Answer: D 7) If Earth's axis had no tilt, would we still have seasons? Why or why not? Answer: We would no longer have seasons, because the Sun's light would hit at the same angle all throughout the yea ...
... 6) A million years from now, Alpha Centauri will no longer be the nearest star system to our own. Answer: D 7) If Earth's axis had no tilt, would we still have seasons? Why or why not? Answer: We would no longer have seasons, because the Sun's light would hit at the same angle all throughout the yea ...
Powerpoint slides - UCLA - Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences
... with a rock-ice core of ~10 Earth masses • Uranus and Neptune are primarily ices covered with a thick He/H atmosphere • Pluto is probably an ice-rock mixture ...
... with a rock-ice core of ~10 Earth masses • Uranus and Neptune are primarily ices covered with a thick He/H atmosphere • Pluto is probably an ice-rock mixture ...
Formation of Giant Planets - Lunar and Planetary Institute
... planets known by more than an order of magnitude. The distribution of known extrasolar planets is highly biased toward those planets that are most easily detectable using the Doppler radial velocity technique, which has been by far the most effective method of discovering exoplanets. These extrasola ...
... planets known by more than an order of magnitude. The distribution of known extrasolar planets is highly biased toward those planets that are most easily detectable using the Doppler radial velocity technique, which has been by far the most effective method of discovering exoplanets. These extrasola ...
1 Distance: A History of Parallax and Brief Introduction to Standard
... Thales believed that the Earth was disk-shaped and floated in a cosmic ocean; however, Anaximander took the leap and imagined the disk-shaped [Hirshfled 4] (or cylinder-shaped [Hoskin 29]) Earth floated not in an ocean, but space [Hirshfeld 4]. Pythagoras imaged a globe-shaped Earth. Aristotle also ...
... Thales believed that the Earth was disk-shaped and floated in a cosmic ocean; however, Anaximander took the leap and imagined the disk-shaped [Hirshfled 4] (or cylinder-shaped [Hoskin 29]) Earth floated not in an ocean, but space [Hirshfeld 4]. Pythagoras imaged a globe-shaped Earth. Aristotle also ...
File
... Earth oppositions, from Venus’s perspective – is nearly but not exactly five. By comparison, the moon rotates EXACTLY once each and every time it orbits the sun.) 4. Describe one observational problem associated with this “near-resonance,” real or not. The same problem we have with the moon’s 1:1 re ...
... Earth oppositions, from Venus’s perspective – is nearly but not exactly five. By comparison, the moon rotates EXACTLY once each and every time it orbits the sun.) 4. Describe one observational problem associated with this “near-resonance,” real or not. The same problem we have with the moon’s 1:1 re ...
Icy Visitor Makes First Appearance to Inner Solar System
... astronomers have estimated that the nucleus is only three or four miles across. The size is important, as a larger comet is more likely to survive its close passage by the Sun. ...
... astronomers have estimated that the nucleus is only three or four miles across. The size is important, as a larger comet is more likely to survive its close passage by the Sun. ...
ASBA Yearlongplan Science 8
... Describe the largest moons of each of the outer planets. Describe how comets change when they approach the Sun. Distinguish among comets, meteoroids, and asteroids. Explain that objects from space sometimes impact Earth. Chapter 13: Stars and Galaxies Content: For many years, people have b ...
... Describe the largest moons of each of the outer planets. Describe how comets change when they approach the Sun. Distinguish among comets, meteoroids, and asteroids. Explain that objects from space sometimes impact Earth. Chapter 13: Stars and Galaxies Content: For many years, people have b ...
First Census of Galaxies Near Cosmic Dawn The Night Sky
... Sunday, December 16 · Jupiter's moon Io crosses Jupiter's face from 8:19 to 10:29 p.m. EST, closely followed by its tiny black shadow (much plainer to see in a telescope) from 8:41 to 10:52 p.m. EST. Meanwhile, the Great Red Spot should cross Jupiter's central meridian around 10:00 p.m. EST. To trac ...
... Sunday, December 16 · Jupiter's moon Io crosses Jupiter's face from 8:19 to 10:29 p.m. EST, closely followed by its tiny black shadow (much plainer to see in a telescope) from 8:41 to 10:52 p.m. EST. Meanwhile, the Great Red Spot should cross Jupiter's central meridian around 10:00 p.m. EST. To trac ...
Word Document - Montana State University Extended
... The Rare Earth hypothesis suggests that Earth-like planets containing complex (animal) life as we know it are likely quite rare in the Universe. This lesson will explore several parameters that have led the scientists Peter Ward and Donald Brownlee to put forth this hypothesis in their book, Rare Ea ...
... The Rare Earth hypothesis suggests that Earth-like planets containing complex (animal) life as we know it are likely quite rare in the Universe. This lesson will explore several parameters that have led the scientists Peter Ward and Donald Brownlee to put forth this hypothesis in their book, Rare Ea ...
Enhanced lithium depletion in Sun-like stars with orbiting planets.
... stars from a CORALIE catalogue11. These stars have been monitored with high precision spectroscopic observations for years in order to detect planetary systems. Of these 451 stars, 70 are reported to host planets and the rest, which we will designate as a comparison sample, (we often call them “sing ...
... stars from a CORALIE catalogue11. These stars have been monitored with high precision spectroscopic observations for years in order to detect planetary systems. Of these 451 stars, 70 are reported to host planets and the rest, which we will designate as a comparison sample, (we often call them “sing ...
Jupiter – Friend or Foe? IV:The influence of orbital eccentricity and
... region disrupted by that resonance is located further from the Sun when “Jupiter”’s eccentricity is increased. For clarity, we note that both the black and red curves start at 0 on the y-axis, and have simply been shifted vertically in order to allow easy comparison between the three distributions. ...
... region disrupted by that resonance is located further from the Sun when “Jupiter”’s eccentricity is increased. For clarity, we note that both the black and red curves start at 0 on the y-axis, and have simply been shifted vertically in order to allow easy comparison between the three distributions. ...
The Human Orrery - Armagh Observatory
... � i.e. ≈ 1.5 × 108 km in half a year, which is roughly 1.5 × 107 seconds. 2. So Saturn moves at approximately 10 km s−1 . This practices arithmetic and determines the approximate speed of objects moving around the Sun. ...
... � i.e. ≈ 1.5 × 108 km in half a year, which is roughly 1.5 × 107 seconds. 2. So Saturn moves at approximately 10 km s−1 . This practices arithmetic and determines the approximate speed of objects moving around the Sun. ...
Pattern Recognition in Physics The complex planetary
... and extended the heliocentric model. Kepler found that (1) the orbit of every planet is an ellipse (instead of Copernicus’ perfect cycles) with the Sun at one of the two foci (instead of being in the center of the cycle), (2) a line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal in ...
... and extended the heliocentric model. Kepler found that (1) the orbit of every planet is an ellipse (instead of Copernicus’ perfect cycles) with the Sun at one of the two foci (instead of being in the center of the cycle), (2) a line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal in ...
Introduction - Beck-Shop
... that they will be dragged away into the planet’s atmosphere in a thousand years or less. The angular momentum that is now being transferred between rings and the nearby moons through density waves should have caused them to spread much further apart than they are now. Further, the small moons discov ...
... that they will be dragged away into the planet’s atmosphere in a thousand years or less. The angular momentum that is now being transferred between rings and the nearby moons through density waves should have caused them to spread much further apart than they are now. Further, the small moons discov ...
Astrobiology
Astrobiology is the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe: extraterrestrial life and life on Earth. This interdisciplinary field encompasses the search for habitable environments in our Solar System and habitable planets outside our Solar System, the search for evidence of prebiotic chemistry, laboratory and field research into the origins and early evolution of life on Earth, and studies of the potential for life to adapt to challenges on Earth and in outer space. Astrobiology addresses the question of whether life exists beyond Earth, and how humans can detect it if it does. (The term exobiology is similar but more specific—it covers the search for life beyond Earth, and the effects of extraterrestrial environments on living things.)Astrobiology makes use of physics, chemistry, astronomy, biology, molecular biology, ecology, planetary science, geography, and geology to investigate the possibility of life on other worlds and help recognize biospheres that might be different from the biosphere on Earth. The origin and early evolution of life is an inseparable part of the discipline of astrobiology. Astrobiology concerns itself with interpretation of existing scientific data; given more detailed and reliable data from other parts of the universe, the roots of astrobiology itself—physics, chemistry and biology—may have their theoretical bases challenged. Although speculation is entertained to give context, astrobiology concerns itself primarily with hypotheses that fit firmly into existing scientific theories.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. According to research published in August 2015, very large galaxies may be more favorable to the creation and development of habitable planets than smaller galaxies, like the Milky Way galaxy. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently.Current studies on the planet Mars by the Curiosity and Opportunity rovers are now searching for evidence of ancient life as well as plains related to ancient rivers or lakes that may have been habitable. The search for evidence of habitability, taphonomy (related to fossils), and organic molecules on the planet Mars is now a primary NASA objective on Mars.