How might infant and paediatric immune responses influence
... and adults from malaria endemic areas (26,27). Thus, these data further support an age-dependent regulation of B-cell differentiation and survival mechanisms to malaria antigens when first experienced early in life. To determine how much growth-inhibitory activity could be attributed to a single ant ...
... and adults from malaria endemic areas (26,27). Thus, these data further support an age-dependent regulation of B-cell differentiation and survival mechanisms to malaria antigens when first experienced early in life. To determine how much growth-inhibitory activity could be attributed to a single ant ...
Energy Substrate Modulates Mitochondrial
... cells can be dramatically improved by solely changing substrate availability and that HeLa cells can adapt their mitochondrial network structurally and functionally to derive energy by glutaminolysis only. This could also provide an explanation for the enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation capaci ...
... cells can be dramatically improved by solely changing substrate availability and that HeLa cells can adapt their mitochondrial network structurally and functionally to derive energy by glutaminolysis only. This could also provide an explanation for the enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation capaci ...
Therapeutic vaccines for cancer
... contributed to lack of efficacy in some trials.5,6 Moreover, most tumour antigens are based on wild-type protein sequences that are overexpressed in many cancers of the same tissue origin. As tumour antigens are derived from self-antigens, it is likely that high-avidity T‑cell receptors (TCR) will ...
... contributed to lack of efficacy in some trials.5,6 Moreover, most tumour antigens are based on wild-type protein sequences that are overexpressed in many cancers of the same tissue origin. As tumour antigens are derived from self-antigens, it is likely that high-avidity T‑cell receptors (TCR) will ...
Contrasting adaptive immune defenses and blood
... To determine the time course of the primary antibody response, we took blood samples at 9, 12, and 15 days after injection. In all experiments we took approximately 50–100 l of blood per sampling, which falls within the American Ornithologists’ Union guidelines of not more than 2% of the body weigh ...
... To determine the time course of the primary antibody response, we took blood samples at 9, 12, and 15 days after injection. In all experiments we took approximately 50–100 l of blood per sampling, which falls within the American Ornithologists’ Union guidelines of not more than 2% of the body weigh ...
Article
... The S. pneumoniae bacteria is a major cause of disease (e.g. pneumonia and meningitis) particularly affecting infants. In most cases bacteria can colonise the nose without causing harm, however colonisation is thought to be a prerequisite of disease. With increasing age colonization and disease, rat ...
... The S. pneumoniae bacteria is a major cause of disease (e.g. pneumonia and meningitis) particularly affecting infants. In most cases bacteria can colonise the nose without causing harm, however colonisation is thought to be a prerequisite of disease. With increasing age colonization and disease, rat ...
The Immunology of Allograft Rejection
... response triggered in the host by the MHC-incompatible organ transplant can lead to the loss of organ function. The MHC peptides created by antigen processing of the donor- or allo-MHC molecules of the transplant are a major stimulus for activation of alloreactive CD4+ T cells in the recipient. The ...
... response triggered in the host by the MHC-incompatible organ transplant can lead to the loss of organ function. The MHC peptides created by antigen processing of the donor- or allo-MHC molecules of the transplant are a major stimulus for activation of alloreactive CD4+ T cells in the recipient. The ...
Functional characterisation and cell walll interactions of
... proteins show great variety in primary structure and there is little homology between the different proteins. The S-layer covers the cell during all stages of growth. A high content of hydrophobic and acidic amino acids and a low pI are typical features of S-layer proteins (196). In contrast, very h ...
... proteins show great variety in primary structure and there is little homology between the different proteins. The S-layer covers the cell during all stages of growth. A high content of hydrophobic and acidic amino acids and a low pI are typical features of S-layer proteins (196). In contrast, very h ...
Drug Metabolism - Sigma
... of reactions, phase I and phase II, which differ regarding the type of modification introduced. Biotransformation is also utilized in the metabolism of many prodrugs to their active form, for example enalapril to enalaprilate. Understanding and manipulating these enzyme/proteinbased metabolic mechan ...
... of reactions, phase I and phase II, which differ regarding the type of modification introduced. Biotransformation is also utilized in the metabolism of many prodrugs to their active form, for example enalapril to enalaprilate. Understanding and manipulating these enzyme/proteinbased metabolic mechan ...
Anthrax Lethal Toxin-Mediated Killing of Human and Murine
... Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized white blood cells that identify and present antigens to immune cells, T cells, in order to mount an immune response targeted against specific pathogens. DCs are critical to a host’s defense against infection. Previous work has shown that the anthrax bacterium di ...
... Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized white blood cells that identify and present antigens to immune cells, T cells, in order to mount an immune response targeted against specific pathogens. DCs are critical to a host’s defense against infection. Previous work has shown that the anthrax bacterium di ...
Purification and some characteristics of a calcium
... of homology (Inouye et al., 1981). None of these three proteins contains Cys residues. The unique trimethyllysine residue present in calmodulin was not determined in the B. cereus spore calcium-binding protein. The spore calcium-bindingProtein has an average (H$ave) of O.90 kcid (3'77 kJ) per residu ...
... of homology (Inouye et al., 1981). None of these three proteins contains Cys residues. The unique trimethyllysine residue present in calmodulin was not determined in the B. cereus spore calcium-binding protein. The spore calcium-bindingProtein has an average (H$ave) of O.90 kcid (3'77 kJ) per residu ...
Innovative Purification Protocol for Heparin Binding
... products have been developed like blood factors used for treatment of haemophilia, thrombolytic agents used to treat thromboembolism, hematopoietic growth factors used in the treatment of blood related diseases, interferons used in the treatment of leukemia and multiple sclerosis, growth hormone, co ...
... products have been developed like blood factors used for treatment of haemophilia, thrombolytic agents used to treat thromboembolism, hematopoietic growth factors used in the treatment of blood related diseases, interferons used in the treatment of leukemia and multiple sclerosis, growth hormone, co ...
the lymphatic system and immunity
... a general response against a wide variety of pathogens (a specific causative agent {as bacterium or virus} of a disease). What is immunity? The nonspecific defenses are not specifically directed against any one particular invader. The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invaders (b ...
... a general response against a wide variety of pathogens (a specific causative agent {as bacterium or virus} of a disease). What is immunity? The nonspecific defenses are not specifically directed against any one particular invader. The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invaders (b ...
Arthritis an autoimmune disorder: Demonstration of In
... In the normal knee jo int, the synovium consists of a synovial membrane (usually one or two cells thick) and underlying loose connective tissue. Synovial-lin ing cells are designated type a (macrophage-like synoviocytes) or type B (fibroblast-like synoviocytes). Arthritis is an auto immune disorder ...
... In the normal knee jo int, the synovium consists of a synovial membrane (usually one or two cells thick) and underlying loose connective tissue. Synovial-lin ing cells are designated type a (macrophage-like synoviocytes) or type B (fibroblast-like synoviocytes). Arthritis is an auto immune disorder ...
Impact of treatment with methimazole on the Bcl
... autoantibodies, sometimes leading to long-term remission [22]. Fas ligand (FasL) induces apoptosis of susceptible cells by cross-linking its own receptor, Fas. While Fas is present in a wide variety of normal tissues, FasL expression is limited mainly to cells of the immune system, where it acts as ...
... autoantibodies, sometimes leading to long-term remission [22]. Fas ligand (FasL) induces apoptosis of susceptible cells by cross-linking its own receptor, Fas. While Fas is present in a wide variety of normal tissues, FasL expression is limited mainly to cells of the immune system, where it acts as ...
Immunological and antimicrobial molecules in human tears: a
... produced in the acinar cells of the lacrimal gland18. LF was first reported in human tears by Masson et al40 This protein has various functions which include immune response, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties12, 18. The antimicrobial activity of LF is base ...
... produced in the acinar cells of the lacrimal gland18. LF was first reported in human tears by Masson et al40 This protein has various functions which include immune response, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties12, 18. The antimicrobial activity of LF is base ...
How to boost piglet immune response with vitamin D
... immunity needs to develop as the passive protection from the sow's antibodies fade away and viral, bacterial and parasitic infections are at their highest risk. Any compromise to a piglet at this period has repeatedly been shown to impact negatively on its later performance. What is immunity? In bri ...
... immunity needs to develop as the passive protection from the sow's antibodies fade away and viral, bacterial and parasitic infections are at their highest risk. Any compromise to a piglet at this period has repeatedly been shown to impact negatively on its later performance. What is immunity? In bri ...
Eh Klp5 is a divergent member of the kinesin 5 family that regulates
... Earlier studies have established two unusual features in the cell division cycle of Entamoeba histolytica. First, microtubules form a radial assembly instead of a bipolar mitotic spindle, and second, the genome content of E. histolytica cells varied from 1¥ to 6¥ or more. In this study, Eh Klp5 was ...
... Earlier studies have established two unusual features in the cell division cycle of Entamoeba histolytica. First, microtubules form a radial assembly instead of a bipolar mitotic spindle, and second, the genome content of E. histolytica cells varied from 1¥ to 6¥ or more. In this study, Eh Klp5 was ...
Tips to Remember: What is an allergic reaction
... allergies is the single most important factor that predisposes a person to develop allergic disease. If one parent has allergic disease, the estimated risk of the child to develop allergies is 48%; the child's risk grows to 70% if both parents have allergies. Types of allergic disease The existence ...
... allergies is the single most important factor that predisposes a person to develop allergic disease. If one parent has allergic disease, the estimated risk of the child to develop allergies is 48%; the child's risk grows to 70% if both parents have allergies. Types of allergic disease The existence ...
Enzymatic properties of the N- and C
... slightly lower affinity for glucose. C-term also had a significantly lower affinity for ATP than did the other mutants. Based on this experiment, we concluded that unlike HK I, HK II has higher enzyme activity in the N-terminal region than in the C-terminal region. In addition, the hydrophobic regio ...
... slightly lower affinity for glucose. C-term also had a significantly lower affinity for ATP than did the other mutants. Based on this experiment, we concluded that unlike HK I, HK II has higher enzyme activity in the N-terminal region than in the C-terminal region. In addition, the hydrophobic regio ...
Sporopollenin Biosynthetic Enzymes Interact and
... shown to be the precursors of sporopollenin building units. ACYL-COA SYNTHETASE, POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE A (PKSA) and PKSB, TETRAKETIDE a-PYRONE REDUCTASE1 (TKPR1) and TKPR2 have been demonstrated to be involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here all these sporopol ...
... shown to be the precursors of sporopollenin building units. ACYL-COA SYNTHETASE, POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE A (PKSA) and PKSB, TETRAKETIDE a-PYRONE REDUCTASE1 (TKPR1) and TKPR2 have been demonstrated to be involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here all these sporopol ...
Immune system
... In the physiologic barriers enter: teguments and intact mucosae, LN, ciliary epithelium, acid gastric medium, Hematoencephalic barrier, kidneys (which excrete some microorganisms, especially viruses). ...
... In the physiologic barriers enter: teguments and intact mucosae, LN, ciliary epithelium, acid gastric medium, Hematoencephalic barrier, kidneys (which excrete some microorganisms, especially viruses). ...
NK cells and cancer: you can teach innate cells
... selectively ablate NK cells for the long periods of time the affinity of binding of CD16 to IgG1 and influences the magnitude of the ADCC that are often necessary to establish primary tumours. response initiated by therapeutic antibodies such as rituximab. Engineering the Fc There are no truly NK ce ...
... selectively ablate NK cells for the long periods of time the affinity of binding of CD16 to IgG1 and influences the magnitude of the ADCC that are often necessary to establish primary tumours. response initiated by therapeutic antibodies such as rituximab. Engineering the Fc There are no truly NK ce ...
Structural Insights into Triglyceride Storage Mediated by
... FIT proteins mediate this process is not known. An impediment to understanding this process is the fact that FIT proteins do not share homology to known proteins or protein domains, making it difficult to infer a mechanism based on primary sequence. In addition, no structural information is availabl ...
... FIT proteins mediate this process is not known. An impediment to understanding this process is the fact that FIT proteins do not share homology to known proteins or protein domains, making it difficult to infer a mechanism based on primary sequence. In addition, no structural information is availabl ...
Distribution and expression profiles of dendritic cell subpopulations
... DCs in bladder cancer gests that they might have an important role in the afferent arm of the adaptive immune response in bladder tissue, by taking up antigens from apoptotic cells and pathogens. On the other hand, cancer cells actively suppress steady state DCs (also called tumor-infiltrating DCs, ...
... DCs in bladder cancer gests that they might have an important role in the afferent arm of the adaptive immune response in bladder tissue, by taking up antigens from apoptotic cells and pathogens. On the other hand, cancer cells actively suppress steady state DCs (also called tumor-infiltrating DCs, ...
Full-Text PDF
... intestinal microbiota and the plethora of luminal macromolecules and the human intestinal epithelial cell barrier requires the secretion of copious amounts of mucosal IgA into the gut lumen [12]. In humans, 40–60 mg/kg/day of IgA are produced daily by plasma cells located in the lamina propria (LP) ...
... intestinal microbiota and the plethora of luminal macromolecules and the human intestinal epithelial cell barrier requires the secretion of copious amounts of mucosal IgA into the gut lumen [12]. In humans, 40–60 mg/kg/day of IgA are produced daily by plasma cells located in the lamina propria (LP) ...
Monoclonal antibody
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are monospecific antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell, in contrast to polyclonal antibodies which are made from several different immune cells. Monoclonal antibodies have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope.Given almost any substance, it is possible to produce monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to that substance; they can then serve to detect or purify that substance. This has become an important tool in biochemistry, molecular biology and medicine. When used as medications, the non-proprietary drug name ends in -mab (see ""Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies""), and many immunotherapy specialists use the word mab anacronymically.