Fully Insured Plans: A Viable Retirement Plan Solution
... often have a mechanism to adjust benefits downwards. The specific rules for calculating the adjustment may be based on the insurance company’s procedures rather than contractual. In the absence of an adjustment mechanism, an existing contract can be placed on a paid-up status, with a new contract pu ...
... often have a mechanism to adjust benefits downwards. The specific rules for calculating the adjustment may be based on the insurance company’s procedures rather than contractual. In the absence of an adjustment mechanism, an existing contract can be placed on a paid-up status, with a new contract pu ...
When are consumer loans collateralized in emerging markets
... banking system consisting of a national central bank on one level and state-owned as well as commercial banks on another level. 1 Projects to modernize the interbank market, to create an international accounting system, and to allow outside audits of major Vietnamese banks are ongoing. However, the ...
... banking system consisting of a national central bank on one level and state-owned as well as commercial banks on another level. 1 Projects to modernize the interbank market, to create an international accounting system, and to allow outside audits of major Vietnamese banks are ongoing. However, the ...
Low for long? Causes and consequences of persistently low interest
... real interest rates and some of the possible consequences, including for policy. While there are several competing explanations, whose effects are not easy to disentangle, our analysis of the evidence suggests that an increase in the propensity to save, driven in particular by demographic developmen ...
... real interest rates and some of the possible consequences, including for policy. While there are several competing explanations, whose effects are not easy to disentangle, our analysis of the evidence suggests that an increase in the propensity to save, driven in particular by demographic developmen ...
The Norwegian Banking Crisis
... from the resolutions applied in Finland and Sweden. In the fourth chapter, Cristoph Schwierz reviews previous estimates of output losses for the Nordic banking crises and presents some alternative estimates. The new estimates for output losses are found to be lower than in previous studies. The wid ...
... from the resolutions applied in Finland and Sweden. In the fourth chapter, Cristoph Schwierz reviews previous estimates of output losses for the Nordic banking crises and presents some alternative estimates. The new estimates for output losses are found to be lower than in previous studies. The wid ...
Efficient policy rule for Inflation Targeting in Colombia
... Eduardo Sarmiento G, Javier Gómez and Carlos Varela for useful comments on earlier versions of this paper. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the view of the Central Bank of Colombia. ...
... Eduardo Sarmiento G, Javier Gómez and Carlos Varela for useful comments on earlier versions of this paper. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the view of the Central Bank of Colombia. ...
Chapter 02 Money and the Payments System
... B. Carrying currency entails greater risk, because it cannot be replaced if lost or stolen C. Currency is a better store of value than checking deposits D. Checks are not included in measures of money, whereas currency is ...
... B. Carrying currency entails greater risk, because it cannot be replaced if lost or stolen C. Currency is a better store of value than checking deposits D. Checks are not included in measures of money, whereas currency is ...
Annual Financial Statements and Combined
... emphasis on growing our trade finance business and international payments, supported by the ProCredit Bank in Germany and the centralised settlement function it provides. With regard to private clients, the ProCredit group concentrates on the stable deposits from private individuals connected to ou ...
... emphasis on growing our trade finance business and international payments, supported by the ProCredit Bank in Germany and the centralised settlement function it provides. With regard to private clients, the ProCredit group concentrates on the stable deposits from private individuals connected to ou ...
SELF-TEST QUESTIONS: PLANNING FOR RETIREMENT NEEDS
... competitive advantage when it comes time to determine who will manage plan assets or who will sell investment products to the plan. [3-1] T - F 2. The fact-finding process serves as a due diligence checklist that will ensure the selection of the most appropriate plan. [3-1] T - F 3. When it comes to ...
... competitive advantage when it comes time to determine who will manage plan assets or who will sell investment products to the plan. [3-1] T - F 2. The fact-finding process serves as a due diligence checklist that will ensure the selection of the most appropriate plan. [3-1] T - F 3. When it comes to ...
The Role of Interest Rate Swaps in Corporate
... assets or liabilities. To illustrate, suppose a firm has short-term bank debt outstanding. At the start of each period this firm refinances its debt at the prevailing short-term interest rate, rb (t). If short-term market interest rates are volatile, then the firm’s financing costs will be volatile ...
... assets or liabilities. To illustrate, suppose a firm has short-term bank debt outstanding. At the start of each period this firm refinances its debt at the prevailing short-term interest rate, rb (t). If short-term market interest rates are volatile, then the firm’s financing costs will be volatile ...
The Cost-Benefit of Regulation in South African Banking
... 1994 economic policy is reviewed in context of the contribution of the banking industry. In 1994 the ANC inherited a country that was politically, socially and economically unstable (Towards a ten year review, 2003). The legacy of the Apartheid system was a political structure geared to perpetuate a ...
... 1994 economic policy is reviewed in context of the contribution of the banking industry. In 1994 the ANC inherited a country that was politically, socially and economically unstable (Towards a ten year review, 2003). The legacy of the Apartheid system was a political structure geared to perpetuate a ...
Economics Working Paper Weathering the financial storm: The
... crises database and Helga Gudmundsdóttir for helping with data. All remaining errors and omissions are ours. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Central Bank of Iceland. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (Ólafsson) and [email protected] (Pétursson; corresponding author). ...
... crises database and Helga Gudmundsdóttir for helping with data. All remaining errors and omissions are ours. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Central Bank of Iceland. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (Ólafsson) and [email protected] (Pétursson; corresponding author). ...
The determinants of cost/profit efficiency of Islamic banks
... Hussein (2003) provides an analysis of the characteristics of cost efficiency of Islamic banks in Sudan between 1990 and 2000. Using the stochastic approach, he estimates the cost frontier of a sample of 17 banks over this period. The results show large variations in the efficiency of Sudanese Islam ...
... Hussein (2003) provides an analysis of the characteristics of cost efficiency of Islamic banks in Sudan between 1990 and 2000. Using the stochastic approach, he estimates the cost frontier of a sample of 17 banks over this period. The results show large variations in the efficiency of Sudanese Islam ...
FX swap market dislocations
... factors underlying deviations from short-term CIP observed in the FX swap market for these currency pairs can be explained by small number of variables reflecting the ongoing turbulence in global financial markets. Although we control for other relevant factors, we place particular emphasis on the f ...
... factors underlying deviations from short-term CIP observed in the FX swap market for these currency pairs can be explained by small number of variables reflecting the ongoing turbulence in global financial markets. Although we control for other relevant factors, we place particular emphasis on the f ...
True/False Questions
... individuals have begun using their Internet services. In addition, NAB lost an entire corporate payroll last month. These are examples of: A) Credit risk and market risk B) Country risk and insolvency risk C) Technological risk and operational risk D) Liquidity risk and interest rate risk E) None of ...
... individuals have begun using their Internet services. In addition, NAB lost an entire corporate payroll last month. These are examples of: A) Credit risk and market risk B) Country risk and insolvency risk C) Technological risk and operational risk D) Liquidity risk and interest rate risk E) None of ...
ExamView - CH 28 sample test questions.tst
... a. occurs in the United States during each business cycle. b. occurs only in theory, never in reality. c. has never occurred in the United States. d. happens in all countries at some time during their business cycle. e. is a period of time when inflation exceeds 20 percent per year. ____ 58. In the ...
... a. occurs in the United States during each business cycle. b. occurs only in theory, never in reality. c. has never occurred in the United States. d. happens in all countries at some time during their business cycle. e. is a period of time when inflation exceeds 20 percent per year. ____ 58. In the ...
TARP and market discipline - Lund University School of Economics
... A partial bank rescue program may also make creditors particularly alert to the distress risk of the rescued banks, since the acceptance of support may signal larger future losses than previously anticipated and put a “crisis stamp” on these banks (Hoshi and Kashyap, 2010). If creditors believe that ...
... A partial bank rescue program may also make creditors particularly alert to the distress risk of the rescued banks, since the acceptance of support may signal larger future losses than previously anticipated and put a “crisis stamp” on these banks (Hoshi and Kashyap, 2010). If creditors believe that ...
Profit efficiency for Spanish savings banks
... and earn above normal profits due to market power. As well, Vander Vennet (1994) found that collusion appears to be predominant in the Spanish banking industry when the relationship between market structure and performance is analyzed in EEC banking markets, where efficiency measures are directly in ...
... and earn above normal profits due to market power. As well, Vander Vennet (1994) found that collusion appears to be predominant in the Spanish banking industry when the relationship between market structure and performance is analyzed in EEC banking markets, where efficiency measures are directly in ...
CEE Banking
... CEE countries ranging from being very small (Baltic States, some of the SEE countries) to very large (in particular Russia) a comparison within the CEEC-20 cannot be expected to yield meaningful results. Thus, we have only looked at the market concentration, defined as the market share of the five l ...
... CEE countries ranging from being very small (Baltic States, some of the SEE countries) to very large (in particular Russia) a comparison within the CEEC-20 cannot be expected to yield meaningful results. Thus, we have only looked at the market concentration, defined as the market share of the five l ...
Currency Board Arrangement Analysis
... problems that, in a system with a floating exchange rate, they would have to apply to foreign-currency speculation and hedging.4 All these factors will tend to enhance economic efficiency by making the lowest-cost producers within the common currency zone those with the greatest natural advantages. ...
... problems that, in a system with a floating exchange rate, they would have to apply to foreign-currency speculation and hedging.4 All these factors will tend to enhance economic efficiency by making the lowest-cost producers within the common currency zone those with the greatest natural advantages. ...
Leverage Across Firms, Banks and Countries
... US and to a lesser extent in Europe. Large banks have a comparative advantage in raising funds in short-term markets (overnight repurchase agreements and commercial paper) and they were able to increase leverage pre-crisis and skirt capital requirements by using off-balance sheet investment vehicles ...
... US and to a lesser extent in Europe. Large banks have a comparative advantage in raising funds in short-term markets (overnight repurchase agreements and commercial paper) and they were able to increase leverage pre-crisis and skirt capital requirements by using off-balance sheet investment vehicles ...
Global Financial Markets and Instruments
... specified time (the maturity date) is reached, regardless of the success or failure of any investment projects for which the borrowed funds are used. A debt instrument holder only participates in the management of the debt instrument issuer if the issuer goes bankrupt. An example of a debt instrumen ...
... specified time (the maturity date) is reached, regardless of the success or failure of any investment projects for which the borrowed funds are used. A debt instrument holder only participates in the management of the debt instrument issuer if the issuer goes bankrupt. An example of a debt instrumen ...
Differing views on monetary policy - Bank for International Settlements
... a sustainable rate, average inflation should be in line with the target over a longer period of time. In Sweden, however, inflation has significantly undershot the target of 2 per over the last 15 years. In other countries that have had a fixed inflation target for the same length of time as Sweden, ...
... a sustainable rate, average inflation should be in line with the target over a longer period of time. In Sweden, however, inflation has significantly undershot the target of 2 per over the last 15 years. In other countries that have had a fixed inflation target for the same length of time as Sweden, ...
The Crisis Aftermath: New Regulatory Paradigms
... economic agents in the banking system and questioned the capacity of financial markets to channel resources to their best use. While it is essential for the well functioning of economic activity that financial institutions do take risk, the decisions taken by financial intermediaries have proven ex ...
... economic agents in the banking system and questioned the capacity of financial markets to channel resources to their best use. While it is essential for the well functioning of economic activity that financial institutions do take risk, the decisions taken by financial intermediaries have proven ex ...
Why Do Investment Banks Continue To Fail? By: Caroline Gieryn
... inauspicious beginnings. In 1917, Rogers Caldwell, a member of a well-respected Nashville family, started his own municipal bond house Caldwell and Company. His entry into the municipal market coincided with the U.S.’s entry into World War I, which meant that war bonds were flooding bond markets. Th ...
... inauspicious beginnings. In 1917, Rogers Caldwell, a member of a well-respected Nashville family, started his own municipal bond house Caldwell and Company. His entry into the municipal market coincided with the U.S.’s entry into World War I, which meant that war bonds were flooding bond markets. Th ...
Rethinking the central bank`s mandate 4
... an efficient payment and credit system, central banks cut their interest rates sharply. They also took a number of other measures, including lending money to banks and purchasing government bonds and other assets. This caused central bank balance sheets to swell. To begin with, this was seen as a ne ...
... an efficient payment and credit system, central banks cut their interest rates sharply. They also took a number of other measures, including lending money to banks and purchasing government bonds and other assets. This caused central bank balance sheets to swell. To begin with, this was seen as a ne ...
History of the Federal Reserve System
This article is about the history of the United States Federal Reserve System from its creation to the present.