Red line lesson sketch
... •Dogma of molecular biology; DNA – RNA – Protein •How genes can “code for” proteins •How statistical models (“mathematical evidence”) to predict genes •How biological evidence (cDNAs, EST, etc.) can confirm predictions ...
... •Dogma of molecular biology; DNA – RNA – Protein •How genes can “code for” proteins •How statistical models (“mathematical evidence”) to predict genes •How biological evidence (cDNAs, EST, etc.) can confirm predictions ...
Genetics Practice Questions C 1. Describe transcription
... 6. The genetic code is universal, unambiguous, and redundant. Explain what this means and why it is important. ・Universality・・・・All known living things have the same genetic code. ...
... 6. The genetic code is universal, unambiguous, and redundant. Explain what this means and why it is important. ・Universality・・・・All known living things have the same genetic code. ...
Genetics and Protein Synthesis
... ■ Gene – segment of DNA with the genetic code for making one protein ■ Chromosomes are made of DNA (and protein), in which small segments code for the amino acid sequence of a protein ...
... ■ Gene – segment of DNA with the genetic code for making one protein ■ Chromosomes are made of DNA (and protein), in which small segments code for the amino acid sequence of a protein ...
TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION
... bonds form between the two strands of DNA in a process called base pairing. Adenine bonds only with thymine, and cytosine bonds only with guanine. These are called complementary base pairs. Hydrogen bonds are much weaker than covalent bonds. This bonding structure allows the two complementary strand ...
... bonds form between the two strands of DNA in a process called base pairing. Adenine bonds only with thymine, and cytosine bonds only with guanine. These are called complementary base pairs. Hydrogen bonds are much weaker than covalent bonds. This bonding structure allows the two complementary strand ...
DNA 1. Evidence for DNA as the genetic material.
... In 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase showed that DNA was the genetic material of a bacteriophage. They used radioactive S to label the protein of the bacteriophage and allowed it to infect the host bacterium. After centrifugation, the radioactive protein was found in the supernatant. This showed ...
... In 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase showed that DNA was the genetic material of a bacteriophage. They used radioactive S to label the protein of the bacteriophage and allowed it to infect the host bacterium. After centrifugation, the radioactive protein was found in the supernatant. This showed ...
No Slide Title
... amino acids. Instead,evolution chose nucleotides(DNA, RNA). Why? What are the two requirements of the instruction book of life? 1. The molecular book must be able to instruct amino acids to join into a long chain with ~100% accuracy. 2. The code for making proteins must be inherited, and with ~100% ...
... amino acids. Instead,evolution chose nucleotides(DNA, RNA). Why? What are the two requirements of the instruction book of life? 1. The molecular book must be able to instruct amino acids to join into a long chain with ~100% accuracy. 2. The code for making proteins must be inherited, and with ~100% ...
Slides PPT
... affected or the onset of the disorder will be earlier than the previous generation. • The increase in the copy number of the repeat can occur at replication, repair or recombination – whenever DNA is being copied. ...
... affected or the onset of the disorder will be earlier than the previous generation. • The increase in the copy number of the repeat can occur at replication, repair or recombination – whenever DNA is being copied. ...
AP Biology, Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Life`s
... 13. How would organisms and species be affected if DNA was either replicated too accurately or not accurately enough? Too accurately No new traits Species wouldn’t be able to generate new adaptations Not accurately enough Cells resulting from mitosis would be too different Traits would change too fa ...
... 13. How would organisms and species be affected if DNA was either replicated too accurately or not accurately enough? Too accurately No new traits Species wouldn’t be able to generate new adaptations Not accurately enough Cells resulting from mitosis would be too different Traits would change too fa ...
Chapter 1
... and transferred into bacteria, which could then be grown in vats to produce large amounts of the gene’s protein product. This product could be isolated from the bacteria, purified, and then injected into patients to treat hemophilia. Another approach would be to transfer a normal copy of the clottin ...
... and transferred into bacteria, which could then be grown in vats to produce large amounts of the gene’s protein product. This product could be isolated from the bacteria, purified, and then injected into patients to treat hemophilia. Another approach would be to transfer a normal copy of the clottin ...
Q: What does “DNA” stand for? A: Deoxyribonucleic Acid Q: If an
... Q: What does a DNA molecule look like? A: DNA is made of two long strands of bases twisted around each other. It looks like a twisted ladder (a double helix). ...
... Q: What does a DNA molecule look like? A: DNA is made of two long strands of bases twisted around each other. It looks like a twisted ladder (a double helix). ...
It`s in the genes – data storage turns to DNA
... the letters A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine) and T (thymine). The trick was to write a DNA sequence where the same letters were never repeated. One way of decreasing the risk of errors was to write only short strings of DNA. ‘We figured, let’s break up the code into lots of overlapping fragmen ...
... the letters A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine) and T (thymine). The trick was to write a DNA sequence where the same letters were never repeated. One way of decreasing the risk of errors was to write only short strings of DNA. ‘We figured, let’s break up the code into lots of overlapping fragmen ...
biochemistry-16
... • saturated – contains only single bonds, solid at room temp. • unsaturated – contains double bonds, liquid at room temp. (Better for your diet.) ...
... • saturated – contains only single bonds, solid at room temp. • unsaturated – contains double bonds, liquid at room temp. (Better for your diet.) ...
Test 2
... 9. In class you were shown that NADH generates 2.5 ATP and each FADH2 generates 1.5 ATP. A. (5 points) Show me the math. For each complex involved in electron transport, tell me how many protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. Also, for the ATPsynthase, how many protons must be let into ...
... 9. In class you were shown that NADH generates 2.5 ATP and each FADH2 generates 1.5 ATP. A. (5 points) Show me the math. For each complex involved in electron transport, tell me how many protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. Also, for the ATPsynthase, how many protons must be let into ...
Document
... 14.5 Small RNA Molecules Are Present Extensively in Eukaryotes and Participate in a Variety of Functions • Both siRNA and miRNA molecules combine with proteins to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). • The RISC pairs with a mRNA molecule that possesses a sequence complementary to its siR ...
... 14.5 Small RNA Molecules Are Present Extensively in Eukaryotes and Participate in a Variety of Functions • Both siRNA and miRNA molecules combine with proteins to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). • The RISC pairs with a mRNA molecule that possesses a sequence complementary to its siR ...
Recombination between homologous chromosomes
... Plasmid = genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes Silencing = the ability of a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene Gene density = ratio of the number of genes per number of base pairs written in t ...
... Plasmid = genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes Silencing = the ability of a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene Gene density = ratio of the number of genes per number of base pairs written in t ...
DNA
... This membrane probed with solutions of antibodies. Antibodies specifically bind to the protein of interest & visualized by a variety of techniques, including colored products, chemiluminescence, or autoradiography. ...
... This membrane probed with solutions of antibodies. Antibodies specifically bind to the protein of interest & visualized by a variety of techniques, including colored products, chemiluminescence, or autoradiography. ...
Transcription and Translation Title: The Central Dogma: By Humans
... Direct the students representing mRNA to take their mRNA code through the nuclear membrane and out of the nucleus (the DNA and RNA polymerase cannot follow). Assign additional students to represent ribosomes. These students should be equipped with codon tables so that they can translate the mRNA int ...
... Direct the students representing mRNA to take their mRNA code through the nuclear membrane and out of the nucleus (the DNA and RNA polymerase cannot follow). Assign additional students to represent ribosomes. These students should be equipped with codon tables so that they can translate the mRNA int ...
Mitochondria are the - Charlin Manchester Terriers
... contribute the same number of genes from their own DNA during mitosis, and those genes match up and form the new DNA helixes in each puppy, right? So the genetic influence from each parent must be exactly 50/50, right? Well, yes – when you're talking about nuclear DNA. However, there is the mitochon ...
... contribute the same number of genes from their own DNA during mitosis, and those genes match up and form the new DNA helixes in each puppy, right? So the genetic influence from each parent must be exactly 50/50, right? Well, yes – when you're talking about nuclear DNA. However, there is the mitochon ...
35. Modeling Recominant DNA
... enzymes are used, which can be thought of as DNA scissors. Enzymes occur naturally in organisms, particularly valuable to scientists are restriction enzymes found in bacteria. Each particular enzyme recognizes a specific, short, nucleotide sequence in DNA molecules. The restriction enzyme will cut t ...
... enzymes are used, which can be thought of as DNA scissors. Enzymes occur naturally in organisms, particularly valuable to scientists are restriction enzymes found in bacteria. Each particular enzyme recognizes a specific, short, nucleotide sequence in DNA molecules. The restriction enzyme will cut t ...
DNA - The Double Helix
... What important polymer is located in the nucleus? _______________ ___________ is the instructions for making a cell's ______________. Chromosomes are composed of genes, which is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein, which in turn codes for a trait. Hence you hear it commonly referred ...
... What important polymer is located in the nucleus? _______________ ___________ is the instructions for making a cell's ______________. Chromosomes are composed of genes, which is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein, which in turn codes for a trait. Hence you hear it commonly referred ...
Heredity Scavenger Hunt
... What part of cells carries the traits from one generation to the next? Why are about half of all human babies girls and half boys? What is the only way a recessive trait will be expressed? What causes genetic mutations? Generally, evolution by natural selection occurs quite slowly over several gener ...
... What part of cells carries the traits from one generation to the next? Why are about half of all human babies girls and half boys? What is the only way a recessive trait will be expressed? What causes genetic mutations? Generally, evolution by natural selection occurs quite slowly over several gener ...
BACKGROUND CONCLUSIONS GOAL Define the protein YbfE’s role in helping
... that YbfE is a DNA-binding protein that contains a Cterminal ribbon-helix-helix motif and a domain of unknown function at its N-terminus. The in vivo transcription start site of YbfE is not known, therefore ...
... that YbfE is a DNA-binding protein that contains a Cterminal ribbon-helix-helix motif and a domain of unknown function at its N-terminus. The in vivo transcription start site of YbfE is not known, therefore ...
FAD
... 38. Chitin is a polymer composed of N-acetyl glucosamine monomers. __________________ 39. Fats high in unsaturated fatty acids tend to be solid at room temperature. __________________ ...
... 38. Chitin is a polymer composed of N-acetyl glucosamine monomers. __________________ 39. Fats high in unsaturated fatty acids tend to be solid at room temperature. __________________ ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.