Chapter 5 - Scranton Prep Biology
... acids can severely affect a protein's function by altering the protein's conformation. A substitution of only one of the 145amino acids in the primary structure of hemoglobin causessickle-celldisease. The interactions that createand maintain secondary and tertiary structure can be disrupted by chang ...
... acids can severely affect a protein's function by altering the protein's conformation. A substitution of only one of the 145amino acids in the primary structure of hemoglobin causessickle-celldisease. The interactions that createand maintain secondary and tertiary structure can be disrupted by chang ...
Recombinant Technology
... 12.5 Reverse transcriptase helps make genes for cloning • Reverse transcriptase can be used to make smaller, complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries ...
... 12.5 Reverse transcriptase helps make genes for cloning • Reverse transcriptase can be used to make smaller, complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries ...
Tool box for studying gene function in neural development
... same gene created by alternative promoters and/or alternative splicing) and of stage-specific differences of expression (depending on the accuracy of the original tissue isolation). Disadvantages include little quantitative information on levels of gene expression and limited resolution for detectin ...
... same gene created by alternative promoters and/or alternative splicing) and of stage-specific differences of expression (depending on the accuracy of the original tissue isolation). Disadvantages include little quantitative information on levels of gene expression and limited resolution for detectin ...
Supporting Information S1: 1. Establishment of hSMP30 transcription
... 1. Establishment of hSMP30 transcription start site by Primer Extension analysis A 21 nucleotide long primer Xho 1, with the sequence 5’-GGCTGGAAGAATCCTGCAAAG-3’, which is complementary to the +66 to +46 region of SMP30, was used for primer extension analysis. Briefly 5pmole of 5’ end labeled Xho1pr ...
... 1. Establishment of hSMP30 transcription start site by Primer Extension analysis A 21 nucleotide long primer Xho 1, with the sequence 5’-GGCTGGAAGAATCCTGCAAAG-3’, which is complementary to the +66 to +46 region of SMP30, was used for primer extension analysis. Briefly 5pmole of 5’ end labeled Xho1pr ...
biochemistry-part1
... Reaction mechanism: Structure and Reactivity Types of mechanisms, types of reactions, thermodynamic and kinetic requirements, kinetic and thermodynamic control, hammond’s postulate, curtin-Hammett principle. Potential energy diagrams, Generation, structure, stability and reactivity of carbocations, ...
... Reaction mechanism: Structure and Reactivity Types of mechanisms, types of reactions, thermodynamic and kinetic requirements, kinetic and thermodynamic control, hammond’s postulate, curtin-Hammett principle. Potential energy diagrams, Generation, structure, stability and reactivity of carbocations, ...
Isolation, cloning and molecular characterization of
... predicted protein of 367 amino acids had an estimated mol wt of 38.28 kDa with pI 4.40. When the nucleic acid sequence was compared with other Aspergillus spp., pga1 sequence showed the highest sequence similarity with A. niger and A. fumigatus. Comparison of the amino acid sequences revealed the pr ...
... predicted protein of 367 amino acids had an estimated mol wt of 38.28 kDa with pI 4.40. When the nucleic acid sequence was compared with other Aspergillus spp., pga1 sequence showed the highest sequence similarity with A. niger and A. fumigatus. Comparison of the amino acid sequences revealed the pr ...
Ribonucleotide Metabolism
... The disulfide bond formed during this reaction needs to be reduced before another round of catalysis can occur. There are two disulfide containing proteins that can reduce this disulfide bond. Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin. Remember thioredoxin from photosynthesis? ...
... The disulfide bond formed during this reaction needs to be reduced before another round of catalysis can occur. There are two disulfide containing proteins that can reduce this disulfide bond. Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin. Remember thioredoxin from photosynthesis? ...
File
... The Hardy-Weinberg principle predicts that the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will not change unless at least one of five forces acts upon the population. ...
... The Hardy-Weinberg principle predicts that the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will not change unless at least one of five forces acts upon the population. ...
Biotechnology Lectures (PowerPoints)
... of organisms by means of selective breeding (artificial selection) i.e. Purebreds B. Genetic engineering brings about such change by scientifically altering an organism's genetic code. ...
... of organisms by means of selective breeding (artificial selection) i.e. Purebreds B. Genetic engineering brings about such change by scientifically altering an organism's genetic code. ...
Genomics Core, Dr. Yuannan Xia
... GAII and Paired End Module – Perform sequencing, imaging, cluster modification for paired end read 2 sequencing ...
... GAII and Paired End Module – Perform sequencing, imaging, cluster modification for paired end read 2 sequencing ...
Imprinted green beards: a little less than kin and more than kind
... or father. For each step forward from parent to offspring, the offspring receives one of two alleles in the parent. Genomic imprinting enables genes to discriminate between matrilineal and patrilineal kin [6]. The factor of one-half for the first backward step resolves into a factor of one or zero w ...
... or father. For each step forward from parent to offspring, the offspring receives one of two alleles in the parent. Genomic imprinting enables genes to discriminate between matrilineal and patrilineal kin [6]. The factor of one-half for the first backward step resolves into a factor of one or zero w ...
Overview of Basic Genetic Concepts and Terminology
... In a recent build of the human genome, annotation data are available for approximately 32,000 genes with around 18,000 confirmed genes. ...
... In a recent build of the human genome, annotation data are available for approximately 32,000 genes with around 18,000 confirmed genes. ...
General Lecture on Microarrays
... 1] Validating the instrument data using the same RNA (confirming a result) And most importantly 2] Validating the biological phenomenon with new samples same experiment conditions Methods Northern Blots, RPA’s, Immunohistochemistry,Western Blot, in silico PCR- i.e.Quantitative real-time PCR ...
... 1] Validating the instrument data using the same RNA (confirming a result) And most importantly 2] Validating the biological phenomenon with new samples same experiment conditions Methods Northern Blots, RPA’s, Immunohistochemistry,Western Blot, in silico PCR- i.e.Quantitative real-time PCR ...
enzymes - BEHS Science
... Many drugs, toxins and poisons work this way Cells naturally produce molecules that do the same things ...
... Many drugs, toxins and poisons work this way Cells naturally produce molecules that do the same things ...
Lecture exam 1A
... 35. The conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phospate to 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid is an important step in glycolysis because A. it requires oxygen B. it is the only step that requires NADH C. an inorganic phosphate is incorporated into an organic molecule D. it is the only energy-requiring reaction E. i ...
... 35. The conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phospate to 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid is an important step in glycolysis because A. it requires oxygen B. it is the only step that requires NADH C. an inorganic phosphate is incorporated into an organic molecule D. it is the only energy-requiring reaction E. i ...
From Communication to DNA Sequencing
... A basic workhorse of modern biology and medicine. Problem: to obtain the sequence of nucleotides. ...
... A basic workhorse of modern biology and medicine. Problem: to obtain the sequence of nucleotides. ...
Chapter 20 PPT
... • The remarkable ability of bacteria to express some eukaryotic proteins underscores the shared evolutionary ancestry of living species • For example, Pax-6 is a gene that directs formation of a vertebrate eye; the same gene in flies directs the formation of an insect eye (which is quite different f ...
... • The remarkable ability of bacteria to express some eukaryotic proteins underscores the shared evolutionary ancestry of living species • For example, Pax-6 is a gene that directs formation of a vertebrate eye; the same gene in flies directs the formation of an insect eye (which is quite different f ...
Understanding Genetics: Punnett Squares
... Strawberries are soft and easy to pulverize. Strawberries have large genomes; they are octoploid, which means they have eight of each type of chromosome in each cell. Thus, strawberries are an exceptional fruit to use in DNA extraction labs. The soap helps to dissolve the phospholipid bilayers of th ...
... Strawberries are soft and easy to pulverize. Strawberries have large genomes; they are octoploid, which means they have eight of each type of chromosome in each cell. Thus, strawberries are an exceptional fruit to use in DNA extraction labs. The soap helps to dissolve the phospholipid bilayers of th ...
AP Biology - Fairfield Prep
... Change the structure, change the function. You see this in enantiomers, you will see it in proteins and enzymes, and now we are going to look at testosterone and estradiol. Notice how similar these two molecules are, and yet you know what a vastly different effect each has. Label each molecule in th ...
... Change the structure, change the function. You see this in enantiomers, you will see it in proteins and enzymes, and now we are going to look at testosterone and estradiol. Notice how similar these two molecules are, and yet you know what a vastly different effect each has. Label each molecule in th ...
"Dot and Slot Blotting of DNA". In: Current Protocols in Molecular
... Samples are usually applied to the membrane using a manifold attached to a suction device. The basic protocol describes such a procedure for dot or slot blotting on an uncharged nylon membrane; annotations to the steps detail the minor modifications that are needed if blotting onto nitrocellulose. T ...
... Samples are usually applied to the membrane using a manifold attached to a suction device. The basic protocol describes such a procedure for dot or slot blotting on an uncharged nylon membrane; annotations to the steps detail the minor modifications that are needed if blotting onto nitrocellulose. T ...
Significance of multiple mutations in cancer
... DNA polymerases (20) and thus mutation rates might be altered by varying the relative expression of different DNA polymerases (21) as well as by mutations that render these enzymes error-prone (22). The increase in DNA polymerase β in certain tumors suggests the possibility that polymerase β could s ...
... DNA polymerases (20) and thus mutation rates might be altered by varying the relative expression of different DNA polymerases (21) as well as by mutations that render these enzymes error-prone (22). The increase in DNA polymerase β in certain tumors suggests the possibility that polymerase β could s ...
Cheating is so 1999
... surprises there for Alleman: “I’ve always done well with running,” he says. But Alleman also learned something he didn’t expect. His genetic profile revealed a version of a gene, MMP3, that might give him trouble with his Achilles tendon. A study of South African athletes showed that runners with Al ...
... surprises there for Alleman: “I’ve always done well with running,” he says. But Alleman also learned something he didn’t expect. His genetic profile revealed a version of a gene, MMP3, that might give him trouble with his Achilles tendon. A study of South African athletes showed that runners with Al ...
ch4-TheGenomicBiologistsToolKit_1.3
... antibiotic or that permits cells to make an amino acid required for growth. These are the basic requirements that all modern cloning vectors contain, but beyond these basic requirements, there can be a number of additional features that make specific vectors useful for various purposes. Thus, severa ...
... antibiotic or that permits cells to make an amino acid required for growth. These are the basic requirements that all modern cloning vectors contain, but beyond these basic requirements, there can be a number of additional features that make specific vectors useful for various purposes. Thus, severa ...
CH4. The Genomic Biologists Toolkit
... antibiotic or that permits cells to make an amino acid required for growth. These are the basic requirements that all modern cloning vectors contain, but beyond these basic requirements, there can be a number of additional features that make specific vectors useful for various purposes. Thus, severa ...
... antibiotic or that permits cells to make an amino acid required for growth. These are the basic requirements that all modern cloning vectors contain, but beyond these basic requirements, there can be a number of additional features that make specific vectors useful for various purposes. Thus, severa ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.